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Do Now
• What is the scientific method?
(use your notes)
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Unit 1 The Nature of Life
Ch. 1 The Science of Biology
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What Science Is and Is Not
• The goal of science is to investigate & understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, & to use those explanations to make useful predictions
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What is Science?
• Science – an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world
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Thinking Like a Scientist
• Observation – process of gathering info about events or processes
• Data – info gathered from observations• Inference – an interpretation
based on prior knowledge or experience
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Explaining & Interpreting Evidence
• Hypotheses – a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations (if…then…)
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Designing an Experiment
• 1. Ask a question• 2. Form a hypothesis• 3. Set up a controlled experiment
– Controlled experiment – where only 1 variable is tested at a time, everything else is kept constant
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Designing an Experiment
• 4. Record & analyze results• 5. Draw a conclusion
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Building Science SkillsRecall a common superstition, such as the one that proposes that a black cat crossing your path brings bad luck or your own.• How would you use an experiment to verify
or disprove this superstition. • Using the steps on the next slide. • Work in groups of three and design an
experiment using the scientific method• Write steps in your NUA notebook and
leave room to write a response to each step
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Scientific Method Steps• Ask a question• Form a hypothesis• Set up a controlled
experiment• Record and analyze data• Draw a Conclusion
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1-1 Section AssessmentWrite in your NUA notebook • Get your textbook on the book shelve• Go to page 7 in your textbook• Answer questions 1, 3, 4 and 5
Homework (definitions of terms)
Vocabulary: Spontaneous Generation, Controlled Experiment, Manipulated Variable, Responding Variable & Theory
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Do Now
List the 5 steps of the scientific method
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How a Theory Develops
• As evidence from many investigations builds up, a hypothesis may become so well supported that scientists consider it a theory
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Characteristics of Living Things
• Biology – the study of life• Living things share
The following 8 characteristics:• 1. Made up of cells• 2. Reproduce• 3. Based on a universal genetic code• 4. Grow & Develop
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Characteristics of Living Things
• 5. Obtain & use materials & energy• 6. Respond to their environment• 7. Maintain a stable internal environment• 8. As a group, living things change over
time
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Characteristics of Living ThingsLab (write in your NUA notebook)
Work in groups of 2 and examine the 2 pictures on the next slide.
Car Cat
Compare the two, noting similarities and differences. Collaborate using the characteristics of living things to write a paragraph explaining what makes the picture a living thing and the other not.
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Pictures
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Made Up of Cells
• Cell – a collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings– They can grow, respond to surroundings, &
reproduce
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Reproduction
• Sexual reproduction – 2 parents produce offspring
• Asexual reproduction – 1 parent produces offspring
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There are two organisms shown in the photo, which organism represents sexual reproduction? Why does the other organism not represent sexual reproduction?
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Based on a Genetic Code
• DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) – molecule that carries directions for inheritance, for every organism on Earth
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Growth & Development
• All living things grow during at least part of their lives
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Need for Materials & Energy
• Metabolism – all the chemical reactions that take place within an organism, to carry out life processes, which requires energy
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Response to the Environment
• Stimulus – a signal that an organism responds to– Ex.) when there is enough water, & the ground
is warm enough, a plant seed responds by germinating
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Maintaining Internal Balance
• Homeostasis – maintaining a stable internal environment, such as temperature & water content
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Evolution
• As a group, any given kind of organism can evolve, or change over time
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Branches of Biology
• Some of the levels that life can be studied include molecules, cells, organisms, populations of a single kind of organism, communities of different organisms in an area, & the biosphere
• At all of these levels, smaller living systems are found within larger systems
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Complete flow chart of the Level of Organization (Page 21 textbook)
Start with the broadest level on top and work you way down to the smallest level.
Fill in __________ All ecosytemsEcosystem________ Fill in
Fill in___________ Population in a defined area
Population______ Fill in
Fill in_________ Individual living things
Groups of cells Fill in
Fill In______ Smallest functional unit of life
Molecule_ Fill In
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1-2 Section AssessmentWrite in your NUA notebook • Get your textbook on the book shelve• Go to page 15 in your textbook• Answer questions 1, 2, 3 and 4
Homework (definitions of terms)
Vocabulary: biology, cell, sexual reproduction,
asexual reproduction, metabolism, stimulus, homeostasis and evolution.
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Do Now
What is the difference between sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction?
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A Common Measurement System
• Most scientists use the metric system when collecting data & performing experiments
• Metric system – International System of Units, or SI
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Microscopes
• Microscopes – devices that produce magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the naked eye
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Light Microscopes
• Compound Light Microscope – produce a magnified image by focusing visible light rays
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Electron Microscopes
• Electron microscopes – produce magnified images by focusing beams of electrons
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Electron Microscopes
• The best electron microscopes can produce images almost 1000 times more detailed than light microscopes can
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**Remember B.U.B.
• Objects, when viewed under a microscope, appear: Bigger, Upside down, & Backwards