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Dr j. GolmirzaeiChild & adolescent psychiatrist
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EnuresisDefinitionEtiologyEpidemiologyDifferential Diagnosis
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TreatmentRate of spontaneous remission 15% per yearBehavioral conditioning with bell and pad DDAVPImipramineAnticholinergicCombination
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Outcome & follow-up6 months treatment6 months later treatment Observation 16%Imipramine 16%DDAVP 10%Behavioral 56% First line
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EncopresisDefinationEpidemiologyEtiologyDifferential Diagnosis
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SubtypesRetentive (most frequent)Non-retentiveVolitional(least frequent)
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First line of treatment for retentive subtype is Education about bowel functioning
Physiological treatment (laxative or mineral oil)
BehavioralBiofeedback
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Case report : Imipramine for non-retentive encopresis
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Psychodynamic assessment for volitional encopresis