Download - Dr. Nancy J. Aguinaga
Dr. Nancy J. Aguinagahttp://cstl-coe.semo.edu/naguinaga/
WHAT IS Autism Spectrum Disorder?
What is your preconceived notion or idea when you hear or see the term autism?
Preconceived feelings?
WHAT IS Autism Spectrum Disorder?
The fastest growing diagnoses of childhood (from ‘91 to ‘99-up 1108%)
Very complex, often baffling developmental disability
First described by Leo Kanner in 1943 as early infantile autism
“Auto” – children are “locked within themselves.”
For next 30 years, considered to be an emotional disturbance
WHAT IS ASD?Today, autism is a severe form of a broader
group of disordersThese are referred to as pervasive
developmental disordersTypically appears during the first 3 years of
lifeExpressed very differently – a wide range of
abilities, strengths and limitations.
WHAT IS ASD?Neurological in origin – not emotional,
not the refrigerator momPrevalence figures vary (1 in 166 in text)
1:110 NOW4 times more prevalent in boysNo known racial, ethnic, or social
boundariesNo relation to family income, lifestyle
WHAT IS ASD?Autism impacts normal development of the
brain in areas of social interaction and communication skills and behavior.
Difficult to communicate with others and relate to the outside world.
Occasionally, aggressive and/or self-injurious behavior may be present.
WHAT IS ASD?May exhibit repeated body movements
(hand flapping, rocking).Unusual responses to peopleAttachment to objectsResistance to change in routineSensory sensitivities
WHAT ARE THE TYPES?Actually, the “umbrella” heading is
Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD).Autism is one of the 5 PDDs. For now – DSM
IVAll have commonalities in communication and
social deficits Differ in terms of severityDiffer in IQ levelsDSM 5 - ASD
1. Autistic DisorderImpairments in social interaction,
communication, and imaginative play.Apparent before age 3.Also includes stereotyped behaviors,
interests, and activitiesAutism added to the DSM III in 1980
2. Asperger’s DisorderImpairments in social interactions, and
presence of restricted interests and activitiesNo clinically significant general delay in
languageAverage to above average intelligenceHans Asperger – a Vienese medical student–
1944 – his work not translated into English until 1981 and entered into the DSM IV in 1994
3. Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)Often referred to as atypical autismUsed when a child does not meet the criteria
for a specific diagnosis, but there is severe and pervasive impairment in specified behaviors
Entered into the DSM IV in 1987 revision
4. Rett’s DisorderProgressive disorder which, almost exclusively
occurs in femalesPeriod of normal development and then the loss
of previously acquired skillsAlso loss of purposeful use of hands, which is
replaced by repetitive hand movementsBeginning at age of 1-2 years, typically in first 5
monthsCharacterized by head growth deceleration and
loss of previously acquired skills between 5-48 months
Entered into the DSM IV in 1994
5. Childhood Disintegrative DisorderNormal growth and development prior to
manifesting social interaction (generally the first 2 years)
Then significant loss of previously acquired skills in at least 2 of the following areas(language, social skills, adaptive behavior, bowel or bladder control, play, or motor skills) before the age of 10
Entered into the DSM IV in 1994
IDEA- Individuals with Disabilities Education ActAutism was not an official disability category
under federal education law until 1990Before this services were received under
other categories such as ID(MR), OHI , or BD
Conclusions on TypesAutism is a spectrum disorderThis means that symptoms and characteristics
can present themselves in wide variety of combinations, from mild to severe
Individuals with autism can be very different from each other
Kluth “2003” “If you know one person with autism, you know ONE person with autism”
http://vodpod.com/watch/4313806-paula-kluth-autism
“Autism” is still commonly used to refer to any of the 5 PDDs
Cause?Good agreement in general that autism is caused
by abnormalities in brain and central nervous system development (typically result in over or under reactions to various sensory stimuli)
May include chemical exposure, viral and genetic factors
Vaccines? – NO NO NOCurrently no medical test to confirmA diagnosis is made by behavioral observations
Famous People with AutismPeople on the spectrum have made some of the
greatest contributions to the world we know…
http://vodpod.com/watch/1570669-who-has-autism-famous-google-video?u=naguinaga&c=naguinaga
Dr. Temple Grandin