Download - Earl Arthurs - Effective Disaster Preparedness: Caribbean Approaches to Civil-Military Coordination
Effective Disaster Preparedness: Caribbean Approaches to Civil-Military
Coordination
Brigadier General (R) Earl Arthurs, MVO MBE JP Preparedness and Contingency Planning Specialist, Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency
CDEMA, Saint Michael, Barbados
Civil-Military Interaction Seminar 2011 (CMIS 2011) Watersedge, Pier One, Walsh Bay, Sydney, NSW
Australia7-10 November, 2011
AgendaPart A: Caribbean approaches to civil-military
coordination Caribbean Realities – Challenges & limitations
of Civil military in the Caribbean Practical steps necessary to translate
guidance into better practice Part B: The Future Conclusions Part C: Background on the Caribbean Disaster
Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA)
The Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM) Framework
The Regional Response Mechanism
2Watersedge, Pier One, Walsh Bay, Sydney, NSW AustraliaApr 8, 2023
The CDRU for 2009/2010
Caribbean approaches to civil-military coordination
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Caribbean RealityCaribbean RealityNine of the eighteen CDEMA Participating States do
not have a Defence Force/Military.Three of the nine defence forces are small with
limited manpower and assets.The Police Services in the region have a dedicated
unit called the“ Special Services Unit”. They train and operate as paramilitary units.
The Disciplined Forces (Military, Police and Fire Service) are key Institutions in the National Disaster Management Plan. CDEMA Article of Association refers (Article XXI ).
CDEMA Coordinates the Regional Response Mechanism in the Caribbean.
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ChallengesChallenges
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International/Regional Defence Cooperation is not merely operational, but strategic and political as well.
Foreign military assets can raise heightened sovereignty concerns for affected States, particularly if these are armed
External mechanisms for mobilising foreign military assets are designed primarily for response in failed or ineffective States
Concern that foreign military assets may become dominant player at the expense of traditional mechanisms and even the national government’s coordination role
Key IssuesIf there is a national system, we should support
it. Marginalising/weakening national institutions in
the long-run is counter-productive.Maintaining the right balance between security
and humanitarian concerns post-disaster.Potential blurring of distinctions between military
and civilian relief actors. The cost of not asserting national leadership on
these issues. Merging the National, Regional and Global
mechanisms – work in support of the national.Apr 8, 2023 Watersedge, Pier One, Walsh Bay, Sydney, NSW Australia 6
Some Key Questions Who are the key actors and what are their roles ? Who is best equipped to lead the Civ-Mil process? How should the disaster management community
and their partners prepare for and respond to complex disasters with the military in support?
When is it not efficient or effective to use foreign military assets?
What kinds of response tools and resources must be employed to ensure maximum benefits?
How do we determine this (timeframe, tasks)? What type of coordination and cooperation
arrangements are necessary (HOC, OSCC)? Apr 8, 2023 Watersedge, Pier One, Walsh Bay, Sydney, NSW Australia 7
Apr 8, 2023 Watersedge, Pier One, Walsh Bay, Sydney, NSW Australia 8
1. In the Caribbean Disciplined Forces include: The Defence Force, The Coast Guard, The Police Service and The Fire Department2. Roles and responsibilities covered in National
Disaster Plans and Disaster legislation. 3. Units regularly train and exercise with the
civil authorities.4. Commitment at the highest level5. Forced to work together due to scarce
resources.
How we meet the Challenge
STRATIGIC GROUPINGS
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CARICOM Battalion
Regional Search and
Rescue (Light Level Team)
Caribbean Disaster Emergency
Management Agency
Regional Security System (RSS)
Conference of Caribbean
Chiefs of Staff (CCCS)
Caribbean Association
of Fire Chiefs (CAFC)
CARICOM DISCIPLINED FORCES
CARICOM Maritime
Units Association of Caribbean
Commissioners of Police (ACCP)
CARICOM Disaster Relief
Unit (CDRU
Special Coordinator
REGIONAL UNITSThe CARICOM Disaster Relief Unit (CDRU)
[Police, Military & Fire]The Regional Security System (RSS) [Police
& Military]. Also an Air Wing wit 2 X C20 aircrafts.
The Regional Urban Search & Rescue Light Level Team (USAR LL) [Police, Military, Fire]
The CARICOM Battalion [Military]The CARICOM Maritime Units [Coast Guard
& Police]Apr 8, 2023 Watersedge, Pier One, Walsh Bay, Sydney, NSW Australia 10
Key Regional Entities1. CARICOM (Caribbean Community)2. THE CARIBBEAN DISASTER EMERGENCY
MANAGEMNT AGENCY (CDEMA)3. THE CARICOM DISASTER RELIEF UNIT (CDRU)4. THE REGIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM (RSS)5. THE CONFERENCE OF CARIBBEAN CHIEFS OF
STAFF (CCCS)6. THE ASSOCIATION OF CARIBBEAN
COMMISSIONERS OF POLICE (ACCP)7. CARIBBEAN ASSOCIATION OF FIRE CHIEFS
(CAFC)Apr 8, 2023 Watersedge, Pier One, Walsh Bay, Sydney, NSW Australia 11
STRATIGIC GROUPINGS
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CARICOM Battalion
Regional Search and
Rescue (Light Level Team)
Caribbean Disaster Emergency
Management Agency
Regional Security System (RSS)
Conference of Caribbean
Chiefs of Staff (CCCS)
Caribbean Association
of Fire Chiefs (CAFC)
CARICOM DISCIPLINED FORCES
CARICOM Maritime
Units Association of Caribbean
Commissioners of Police (ACCP)
CARICOM Disaster Relief
Unit (CDRU
Special Coordinator
THE CARICOM DISASTER RELIEF
UNIT (CDRU)Apr 8, 2023 Watersedge, Pier One, Walsh Bay, Sydney, NSW Australia 13
What is the CDRU? A unit of 35 multi-skilled Police, Fire and Military
personnel who are trained in DM. From CDEMA 18 Participating States. Ready and available at short notice (deploable in 24
hours). Trained, disciplined and equipped (Self-contained). Able to function with limited resources for 2-3 weeks in
theatre. Skill sets includes: Emergency Communications, SAR,
Logistics, Relief Supply Management Damage Assessment, Medical, ICS, Civil Engineer)
Unarmed (Functions in the Humanitarian Assistance role).
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CDRU’S MissionThe CDRU’s mission is to conduct disaster response and relief operations on behalf of CDEMA in support of any CDEMA Participating State stricken by natural or technological hazards. Its main tasks includes the management of relief supplies, emergency telecommunications support and the provision of appropriate personnel for repairing critical lifeline facilities.
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CDRU in Training & on Operations
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CDRU Training 2011
CDRU Contingent deployed to Haiti - 2010CDRU Stand-By Team for 2011/2012
THE REGIONAL SECURITY
SYSTEM (RSS)Apr 8, 2023 Watersedge, Pier One, Walsh Bay, Sydney, NSW Australia 17
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The Regional Security System
The Regional Security System• RSS has been in existence since October 1982• The System comprises of seven Member States
(Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and The Grenadines)
• Ten Forces (i.e. 7 X Police and 3 X Defence Forces)• The Central Liaison Office is the Secretariat and is
located in Barbados• Activates the CDRU on behalf of CDEMA• Conducts Joint Operations, Exercises and Training
within the Eastern CaribbeanApr 8, 2023 Watersedge, Pier One, Walsh Bay, Sydney, NSW Australia 19
The Regional Security SystemSer Country Military Police Coast Guard Fire
1. Antigua & Barbuda Yes Yes Yes Yes
2. Barbados Yes Yes Yes Yes3. Dominica no Yes no Yes
4. Grenada no Yes no Yes
5. Saint Kitts & Nevis Yes Yes Yes Yes
6. Saint Lucia no Yes no Yes
7. Saint Vincent & the Grenadines
no Yes no Yes
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There is also a Special Services Unit (Para military) in each of the Police Service
ARTICLE 10 of the RSS TreatyCommand and DisciplineFor the purposes of this Treaty
– the requesting state shall have operational control over all service personnel participating in operations in that State,
– the senior officer of a sending state shall exercise tactical command over service personnel, and
– the officer commanding service personnel of a sending State shall be responsible for the conduct and discipline of subordinate service personnel of that State.
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THE CONFERENCE OF
CARIBBEAN CHIEFS OF STAFF
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The CCCSBrainstorming group of the heads of the defence
forces in the region.Meets annually to share ideas and organize
support for each other (Trg, Exercises, Ops, Staff exchange).
Extra-ordinary/Special meetings in anticipation of; during or after an event.
Was influential with the Multi-national force, 1995 – US led mission in Haiti (Gen Cedras).
Provided the United Nations in Haiti with a CARICOM Peacekeeping Battalion from 1995 to 1997
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1. Antigua & Barbuda2. Bahamas3. Barbados4. Belize5. Guyana6. Jamaica7. St. Kitts and Nevis8. Suriname9. Trinidad & Tobago
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CARICOM STATES WITH MILITARY UNITS
Some states have signed a “Status of Forces Agreement” with the Regional Security System in 2007 prior to the region hosting Cricket World Cup. A “Sunset Legislation” was also passed in some states to accommodate it.
Notable DeploymentsJamaica – Hurricane Gilbert, 1988Antigua – Hurricane Hugo, 1989Bahamas – Hurricane MarilynBelize – Hurricane Keith 2000 (Engineer
Troops only)Grenada – Hurricane Ivan, 2004Nine States – Hosting Cricket World Cup,
2007 Haiti – “January 12” Earthquake, 2010
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CARICOM Base HQ in Haiti
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January 2010
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Relief Supplies
BN HQ
Admin Office
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ASSOCIATION OF CARIBBEAN
COMMISSIONERS OF POLICE (ACCP)
THE ACCPThis is the network for Regional Police
Commissioners to share information and coordinate crime and security issues.
They also meet annually and is guided by a CARICOM agency – IMPACS (Implementing Agency for Crime and Security in the Caribbean.
They were able to pool their resources and support the region during Cricket World Cup in 2007.
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ASSOCIATION OF Caribbean Commissioners of Police (ACCP)
1. Anguilla 2. Antigua &
Barbuda3. Aruba 4. Bahamas 5. Barbados 6. Belize 7. Bermuda 8. British Virgin
Islands 9. Cayman Islands
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10. Curacao 11. Dominica12. French Antilles 13. Grenada 14. Guyana 15. Haiti16. Jamaica 17. Montserrat 18. Saint Kitts &
Nevis
19. St. Lucia 20. St. Marteen 21. St. Vincent &
the Grenadines 22. Suriname 23. Trinidad and
Tobago 24. Turks and
Caicos Islands 25. U.S. Virgin
Islands
Caribbean Association of
Fire Chiefs (CAFC)
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THE CAFCThe CAFC also meets annually to share
experiences and discuss new equipment and tactics.
Has many areas now emerging under their portfolio in addition to fire:Search and RescueChemical Spills Hazardous MaterialsHowever, they are not as organized as the other 2
agencies.
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APPOINTING A SPECIAL
COORDINATOR (CIVIL-MILITARY)
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Special CoordinatorSECTION XXI OF THE CDEMA AGREEMENT:Where, in response to a request for assistance by any Participating State, members of the disciplined forces of another Participating State are dispatched to any part of the territory of the requesting State, the Executive Director shall, subject to the express prior agreement of the competent authority of the receiving State, designate a Special Coordinator from among the senior officers of such forces, acting after consultation with the Chiefs of Staff or Commanding Officers of the disciplined forces concerned.The Special Coordinator shall be charged with the responsibility for coordinating the disaster relief efforts of the disciplined forces in the affected Participating State.
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History of Civil-Military Cooperation in the Caribbean
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CARICOM has long-engaged in the civil/military dialogue
It is the accepted principle that the military responds in support of the needs of civil systems
Civil/military cooperation began over 30 years ago in response to devastation caused by Hurricanes Gilbert, Jamaica, 1988 and Hugo, Eastern Caribbean, 1989.
Ad-hoc system at that time not governed by protocols or a system of coordination
Evolution of Civil-Military Cooperation in the Caribbean
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• Civil/Military partnerships have evolved
• National Governments and inter-governmental organizations such as CDEMA and the RSS have developed an approach and political balance for securing support from donors and civil-military actors
Evolution of Civil-Military Cooperation in the Caribbean
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• Roles now embedded and anchored in the formalised operational framework of Regional Response Mechanism (RRM):– Protocols:
• Conditions of engagement (OPs Orders)• Regional Plans (RCP, CDERA CU Contingency Plan, Functional
Annexes)• Partner agreements (ECDG, NWCDG)• Standing Funding sources – Emergency Assistance Fund
– Agreed Standards and Tools:• Damage and Needs Assessment (DANA)• Model Integrated Relief Policy (MIRP)• Warehousing• Shelter Management• Model Legislation and Regulations
• Evaluation of the Regional Response Mechanism (RRM) (Hurricane Ivan, 2004; Hurricane Ike, 2008, Haiti Earthquake, 2010) reflects ongoing dialogue.
Existing ChallengesForeign Military interactions whenthere there is no
Military/Defence Force.Different management cultures:
– Military are good planners– Instructions are not questioned – Invest heavily on scenario planning– Language/terminology different– Reciprocal unfamiliarity of actors with systems/needs/constraints
Different resource environments:– Cost centres for support are not always clear at first– No budget/insufficientPrimary Task for Military – Protection of the relm
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Future TrendsIncreased recognition of trans-boundary and
complex threats will accelerate the intensity and evolution of civil-military engagement in disaster response
Recognition and appreciation of the different but potentially complementary roles of civil-military actors in emergencies
Strategic proactive engagement has made and will continue to make a difference – Get them on board before there is a crisis.
More/better merging of the National, Regional & Global systems.
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ConclusionsThe use of the “Disciplined Forces” in disaster
management in the Caribbean is NOT A LOST RESORT, but is entrenched in our legislation and disaster management plans.
To ensure that any “Foreign Assistance” reinforce your national response plan – There must be a plan and it must be used.
National Disciplined Forces must ensure that they don't lose their PRIMARY skills as a result of supporting the civil authorities in disaster management.
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41Watersedge, Pier One, Walsh Bay, Sydney, NSW AustraliaApr 8, 2023
THANK
THE ENDTHE END
YOU
ANY QUESTIONS???
THE CARIBBEAN DISASTER EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT AGENCY (CDEMA)
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The Caribbean Disaster Emergency management Agency (CDEMA):CDEMA was established in 2009 through an Agreement of the Heads of Government of the Caribbean Community. It replaces CDERA which was established in 1991.
CDEMA is Responsible for 18 Participating States.
CDEMA Coordinates the Regional Response Mechanism (RRM) in the Caribbean.
CDEMA is the Champion for Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM) in the Caribbean Region.
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BACKGROUND ON CDEMA
CDEMA is established on principles of inter-governmental cooperation
A number of small states with large vulnerabilities and limited individual capacity
Rationalizing diverse actions towards a common goal was central to operationalizing the Agreement
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INTRODUCTION TO CDEMA
CDEMA’S Structure
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Executive Director
CDEMA CU Staff
Technical Advisory Committee
Council of Ministers
Coordinating Unit
National Governments
International Agencies
Regional Agencies
National Disaster Offices
Deputy
Management Committee of Council
CDEMA’S MISSIONWe, the premier disaster management agency, exist to empower our participating states in achieving sustainable loss reduction. To this end we will cultivate strategic partnerships for the development, enhancement, delivery and maintenance of policies and programmes which build regional and national capacity for loss reduction
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CDEMA’s FunctionsCDEMA’s Functions
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(a) mobilising and coordinating disaster relief;(b) mitigating or eliminating, as far as
practicable, the immediate consequences of disasters in Participating States;
(c) providing immediate and coordinated response by means of emergency disaster relief to any affected Participating State;
(d) securing, coordinating and providing to interested inter-governmental and nongovernmental organisations reliable and comprehensive information on disasters affecting any Participating State;
CDEMA’s Functions (cont’dCDEMA’s Functions (cont’d))
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(e) encouraging –(i) the adoption of disaster loss reduction
and mitigation policies and practices at the national and regional level;
(ii) cooperative arrangements and mechanisms to facilitate the development of a culture of disaster loss reduction; and
(iii) coordinating the establishment, enhancement and maintenance of adequate emergency disaster response capabilities among the Participating States.
CDEMA Partipating States
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1. Anguilla2. Antigua & Barbuda3. Bahamas4. Barbados5. Belize6. British Virgin
Islands7. Dominica8. Grenada9. Haiti
10. Guyana11. Jamaica12. Montserrat13. St. Kitts and Nevis14. Saint Lucia15. St Vincent & the
Grenadines16. Suriname17. Trinidad & Tobago18. Turks and Caicos
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Map of the Caribbean
Sub-Regional Focal GroupsSub-Regional Focal Groups
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CDEMA
JamaicaTrinidad
& Tobago
Antigua &
Barbuda
AnguillaBahamas
Belize
Haiti
Turks & Caicos Islands
Suriname
Guyana
Grenada
St. Vincent & the
Grenadines
Saint Lucia
Dominica
Virgin Islands
Saint Kitts & Nevis
Montserrat
Barbados
Southern Central EasternNorth Western
Regional Partnerships Regional Partnerships
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The Caribbean Development BankThe Caribbean Catastrophic Risk Insurance FacilityThe Caribbean Water & Waste Water AssociationThe Caribbean Institute of Meteorology and
Hydrology The Caribbean Agriculture Research & Development
instituteThe Inter American Development BankThe Pan American Health OrganizationThe Regional Security SystemThe University of the West indiesThe West Indies Cricket BoardThe Regional Security System (RSS)Plus CARICOM Agencies (IMPACS, etc)
Intra-Regional Partnerships Intra-Regional Partnerships
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Information Sharing Conferences, Workshops & Exercises:CEPREDENAC – The Central American Centre for the Coordination & Prevention of Natural Disasters:
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Salvador & Panama
CAPADRE – The South American Northern Zone Committee for Disaster Prevention and Assistance:
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru & Venezuela
MERCOSUR (Southern Cone) – The Committee for the Prevention and Handling of Disasters:
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay & Uruguay
International PartnershipsInternational Partnerships
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A number of international partners provide support in:Project sponsorshipsTraining WorkshopsRegional ExercisesRelief SuppliesWarehouses & Emergency Operations Centre ConstructionAssessments Missions
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COMPREHENSIVE DISASTER COMPREHENSIVE DISASTER MANAGEMENT (CDM) –MANAGEMENT (CDM) –
A REGIONAL FRAMEWORK A REGIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR COOPERATION AND FOR COOPERATION AND RESOURCE SHARING IN RESOURCE SHARING IN
DISASTER MANAGEMENTDISASTER MANAGEMENT
Experiences have revealed that …
“Each natural disaster leaves in its wake an overwhelming volume of evidence of how planning and investment decisions contribute to vulnerability ” Natural Hazard Risk Management in the Caribbean Revisiting the Challenge CGCED 2002
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What is Comprehensive Disaster Management?
Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM) is Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM) is the management of all hazardsthe management of all hazards
through all phases of the disaster management through all phases of the disaster management cycle – prevention and mitigation, preparedness, cycle – prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery and rehabilitationresponse, recovery and rehabilitation
by all peoples public and private sectors, all by all peoples public and private sectors, all segments of civil society and the general segments of civil society and the general population in hazard prone areas.population in hazard prone areas.
CDM involves risk reduction & management and CDM involves risk reduction & management and integration of vulnerability assessment into the integration of vulnerability assessment into the
development planning process. (CDERA/CDEMA development planning process. (CDERA/CDEMA 2001, 2006 & 2007 - 2012)2001, 2006 & 2007 - 2012)
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CDM – A Paradigm Shift
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Reactive Anticipatory
Disaster Office Shared Responsibility
FROM: a focus on individual hazards
TO: viewing hazard exposure as an ongoing process and aims to reduce vulnerability across all sectors
(CGCED 2002)
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CDM Governance Structure
CDEMA Executive Director
Technical Advisory Council
Council of Ministers
CDM Strategy SummaryCDM Strategy Summary
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Goal Regional Sustainable Development
enhanced through Comprehensive Disaster Management
Purpose To strengthen regional, national and
community level capacity for the mitigation, management and
coordinated response to natural and anthropological hazards, and the effects
of climate change
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Clarendon Jamaica Flood Event May 2002 (Acknowledgement JDF)
Palmiste, Grenada – Hurricane Lenny, 1999
Volcanic Eruption, Montserrat(Montserrat Volcano Observatory)
Grenada - Hurricane Lenny, 1999Dominica Earthquake, 2004
THE REGIONAL RESPONSE
MECCHANISM (RRM)
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REMEMBER“No State, no matter how powerful, can by its own efforts alone make itself invulnerable to today’s threats.Every State requires the cooperation of other States to make itself secure.It is in every State’s interest, accordingly, to cooperate with other States to address their most pressing threats, because doing so will maximize the chances of reciprocal cooperation to address its own threat priorities.”(Report of United Nations High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change December 2004 – A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility.)
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WHAT IS THE RRM?WHAT IS THE RRM?• The Regional Response Mechanism The Regional Response Mechanism
(RRM) (RRM) is an arrangement for the coordination of disaster response among CDEMA Participating States, Regional and International Agencies
• Seeks to deliver speedy response and effective, efficient use and management of resources
• Tried and tested mechanism for emergency coordination – familiarity of actors and processes.
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Overview of the RRM
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• The RRM is:– A number of Plans, Procedures &
Guidelines– A group of Response Units, agencies
and organizations– A collection of Agreements, Memoranda
of Understanding and Protocols• Executed by the CDEMA Coordinating
Unit on behalf of CDEMA Participating States
Components of the RRMComponents of the RRM
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The Regional Coordination Centre (RCC) The Regional Coordination Plan (RCP) The Regional Telecommunications Plan Response Teams
– The CARICOM Disaster Relief Unit (CDRU)– The Rapid Needs Assessment Team (RNAT)– The Regional Urban Search & Rescue Light Level Team (USAR LL) Caribbean Electricity Company (CARILEC) Caribbean Water and Waste Water Association (CWWA) Technical support teams
The Eastern Caribbean Donor Group (ECDG) The North Western Caribbean Donor Group (NWCDG) National Disaster Plans, Specialized Plans, etc. Regional Warehouses MOU, Acts, SOPs
The Regional Response Mechanism
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National Disaster Plans
Regional Coordination
Plan
Specialized Plans
North Western Caribbean
Donor Group
(Sub-)Regional Warehouses
Regional Coordination Centre
CARICOM Disaster Relief Unit (CDRU) Operational
Order
• Response Teams
• MOUs• SOPs• Agreements• Acts of
Parliament
REGIONAL RESPONSE
MECHANISMEastern Caribbean
Donor Group
(Sub-)Regional Focal Points
Regional Security System
Core Actors
Apr 8, 2023
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Regional Regional Level:Level:– CDEMA CU– RSS/CLO– CDRU– ECDG/
NWCDG– PAHO– UNDP– UWI– Specialised
Regional Agencies
National National Level:Level:– NEMOs– Other
National Agencies
– Other Resource Providers (private sector)
– Media Houses
Sub-Regional Sub-Regional Level:Level:– Sub-
Regional Focal Points (SRFPs)
o Antiguao Barbadoso Jamaicao Trinidad
International International Level:Level:– Donor
Nations– Donor
Agencies– Red Cross– NGOs– Other
resource providers
Triggering the MechanismTriggering the MechanismThe Regional Coordination Plan defines the
framework for effecting the multi-lateral agreements of CDEMA PS to assist each other in times of disasters
Organized in 2 Parts:◦ Basic Plan: triggering mechanism for activating plan (3
levels) and concept of operations◦ Functional Annexes: SOPs for specific response functions
(SAR) or specialized groups (ECDG, CDRU); References (CDEMA Agreement, MOU)
The RCP is in support of National Plans and as such the National Plans must make provisions for triggering the RRM
System based on a three tiered response mechanism
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Levels of ResponseSystem based on a three tiered response mechanism: LEVEL I - Local Incident - no external assistance
required. LEVEL II- Event does not overwhelm national
capacity to respond but some external assistance required (Specialized equipment, Experts, etc.)
LEVEL III – Event overwhelms capacity of affected State to respond. Major external operation mounted. Possible request for additional support from other regions and international agencies anticipated.
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Scenarios for Triggering Mechanism
1. Impacted State notifies CDEMA CU, indicates scope and magnitude of impact and makes request for regional assistance
2. Verified Reports from credible sources to CDEMA CU
3. If neither the above is available, CU will make decision to deploy recon mission to verify status of impacted State.
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CONCLUSIONSMuch have been done in the
(Caribbean) region, but much more is yet to be done.
Disaster management is not a destination, but a journey – You should always be better off today than you were yesterday, but not as good as tomorrow.
It is better to prepare and prevent than to repair and repent.
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Apr 8, 2023 Watersedge, Pier One, Walsh Bay, Sydney, NSW Australia 7373Watersedge, Pier One, Walsh Bay, Sydney, NSW AustraliaApr 8, 2023
THANK
THE ENDTHE END
YOU
ANY QUESTIONS???