Download - Ecology Chapter 3. Ecology The study of the relationship between organisms and their environments
EcologyEcologyChapter 3Chapter 3
EcologyThe study of the relationship between
organisms and their environments.
5 Levels Studied in Ecology 1 2 3 4 5
Organisms Populations Communities Ecosystems Biosphere
Old People Can’t Eat
Beans!
Population• A group of 1
species that interbreed and live in the same place.
Ecosystem• Groups of many
species coexisting in an environment.
Biosphere• All of the earth’s
organisms and their environments.
Biotic• Living parts.
Abiotic• Non-living parts.
Examples: – Soil
– Air
– Temperature
– Water
– Sun
Habitat
•Where an organism lives its life.
Niche
• The role a species plays in a community.
– What it eats.
– What it does.
4 Tropic Levels 1. Producer- plants
2. 1st order Consumer- eats plants
3. 2nd order Consumer- eats 1st order consumers
4. 3rd order Consumer- eats 2nd order consumers
Food Chain• A simple show of energy transfer.
Food Web• A complex
show of energy transfer.
• (most organisms
feed at more than one trophic level!)
3 Types of Symbiosis• Mutualism
+ +
• Commensalism + o
• Parasitism
+ –
Look! I found Nemo!!!
Here are some examples of Symbiosis…Can you tell what they
are?
• Mutualism + +
• Commensalism + o
• Parasitism
+ –
Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed
Example 1: Acacia plant with ant galls
Ants lay eggs on
acacia treeAcacia
covers the infected area with
brown flesh (gall)
Mutualism: both benefit
Example 2: Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish
Moray Eel gets a clean mouth Cleaner Fish gets a meal
Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected
Example 3: Cattle with cattle
egretsCattle stir up insects
as they eat grass
Egrets hang
around and eat insects
Mutualism: both benefit
Example 4: Clown fish with anemone
Clown fish gets
protection Anemone gets food
scraps
Mutualism: both benefit
Example 5: Antelope with Oxbird
Antelope gets rid of
parasites Oxbird gets a meal
Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed
Example 6: Taenia worm in human eye
Worm infects human blood
streamHuman may go
blind
Any questions before we go on?
Our beautiful planet at night.
Vocabulary• Producers
– Lowest in the food chain.
– Most abundant!
– Gets energy from the SUN!!!
• Consumers– ANY living thing that eats other living
things.
Vocabulary• Decomposers
– Feeds on ALL other organisms.
– Breaks down dead organisms.
• Predators– Preys on other living things.
• Scavengers– Gets food from waste products.
– Also from already dead organisms. – (Doesn’t actually kill.)
The end.