ecology chapter 3. ecology the study of the relationship between organisms and their environments
TRANSCRIPT
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EcologyEcologyChapter 3Chapter 3
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EcologyThe study of the relationship between
organisms and their environments.
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5 Levels Studied in Ecology 1 2 3 4 5
Organisms Populations Communities Ecosystems Biosphere
Old People Can’t Eat
Beans!
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Population• A group of 1
species that interbreed and live in the same place.
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Ecosystem• Groups of many
species coexisting in an environment.
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Biosphere• All of the earth’s
organisms and their environments.
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Biotic• Living parts.
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Abiotic• Non-living parts.
Examples: – Soil
– Air
– Temperature
– Water
– Sun
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Habitat
•Where an organism lives its life.
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Niche
• The role a species plays in a community.
– What it eats.
– What it does.
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4 Tropic Levels 1. Producer- plants
2. 1st order Consumer- eats plants
3. 2nd order Consumer- eats 1st order consumers
4. 3rd order Consumer- eats 2nd order consumers
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Food Chain• A simple show of energy transfer.
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Food Web• A complex
show of energy transfer.
• (most organisms
feed at more than one trophic level!)
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3 Types of Symbiosis• Mutualism
+ +
• Commensalism + o
• Parasitism
+ –
Look! I found Nemo!!!
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Here are some examples of Symbiosis…Can you tell what they
are?
• Mutualism + +
• Commensalism + o
• Parasitism
+ –
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Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed
Example 1: Acacia plant with ant galls
Ants lay eggs on
acacia treeAcacia
covers the infected area with
brown flesh (gall)
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Mutualism: both benefit
Example 2: Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish
Moray Eel gets a clean mouth Cleaner Fish gets a meal
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Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected
Example 3: Cattle with cattle
egretsCattle stir up insects
as they eat grass
Egrets hang
around and eat insects
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Mutualism: both benefit
Example 4: Clown fish with anemone
Clown fish gets
protection Anemone gets food
scraps
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Mutualism: both benefit
Example 5: Antelope with Oxbird
Antelope gets rid of
parasites Oxbird gets a meal
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Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed
Example 6: Taenia worm in human eye
Worm infects human blood
streamHuman may go
blind
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Any questions before we go on?
Our beautiful planet at night.
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Vocabulary• Producers
– Lowest in the food chain.
– Most abundant!
– Gets energy from the SUN!!!
• Consumers– ANY living thing that eats other living
things.
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Vocabulary• Decomposers
– Feeds on ALL other organisms.
– Breaks down dead organisms.
• Predators– Preys on other living things.
• Scavengers– Gets food from waste products.
– Also from already dead organisms. – (Doesn’t actually kill.)
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The end.