Economic Contributions of Agriculture, Natural
Resources, and Food Industries in Florida in 2016
Christa D. Court, PhD, Alan W. Hodges, PhD, and Mohammad Rahmani, PhD
University of Florida-IFAS, Food & Resource Economics Department
PO Box 110240, Gainesville, Florida 32611
Corresponding author contact: Email [email protected]; Telephone 352-294-7675
Report available at http://fred.ifas.ufl.edu/economicimpactanalysis/publications
July 31, 2018
Graphic by UF-IFAS Information and Communication Services
2
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 4
Table ES1. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups
in Florida in 2016. ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Figure ES1. Total employment contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida
regions in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects ....................................................................... 6
Figure ES2. Map of value added (GDP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries
in Florida counties in 2016. Values are expressed in millions of dollars, and include regional multiplier
effects ............................................................................................................................................................ 7
Figure ES3. Trends in total value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food
industry groups in Florida, 2007-16. Values are expressed in 2016 dollars. Estimates include regional
multiplier effects ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Glossary of Economic Impact Terms ..................................................................................................................... 9
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 11
Methods ............................................................................................................................................................... 12
Results .................................................................................................................................................................. 15
Economic Contributions by Industry Groups and Sectors ................................................................................ 15
Figure 1. Structure of economic activity and summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural
resources, and food industries in Florida in 2016......................................................................................... 15
Figure 2. Total output contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in the state
of Florida in 2016. ....................................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 3. Total employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in the
state of Florida in 2016. ............................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 4. Total value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups
in the state of Florida in 2016. ..................................................................................................................... 20
Table 1. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups
and sectors in the state of Florida in 2016 .................................................................................................... 21
Economic Contributions by Agricultural Commodity Groups ......................................................................... 25
Figure 5. Total output contributions of agricultural commodity groups in Florida in 2016 ......................... 26
Figure 6. Total employment contributions of agricultural commodity groups in Florida in 2016 ................ 26
Figure 7. Total value added (GSP) contributions of agricultural commodity groups in Florida in 2016 ...... 27
Economic Contributions in Florida Regions and Counties ............................................................................... 28
Figure 8. Map of Florida economic regions. ................................................................................................ 29
Figure 9. Total employment contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida
regions in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects ..................................................................... 30
Figure 10. Total value added (GSP) contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in
Florida regions in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects ........................................................ 30
Figure 11. Total output contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida
regions in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects ..................................................................... 31
Figure 12. Map of total employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in
Florida counties in 2016. Estimates represent full-time and part-time jobs, and include regional multiplier
effects .......................................................................................................................................................... 32
3
Figure 13. Map of total value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food
industries in Florida counties in 2016. Values are expressed in millions of dollars, and include regional
multiplier effects .......................................................................................................................................... 33
Table 2. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in
Florida regions and counties in 2016 ........................................................................................................... 34
Table 3. Employment contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in Florida
regions and counties in 2016........................................................................................................................ 36
Share of Florida Gross Domestic Product and Employment ............................................................................ 38
Table 4. Direct employment, output and value added (GSP) in the state of Florida in 2016 ........................ 39
Figure 14. Map of total employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries as a
share of total workforce employment in Florida counties in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier
effects .......................................................................................................................................................... 40
Figure 15. Map of total value added contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries as a
share of Gross Domestic Product in Florida counties in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects
..................................................................................................................................................................... 41
Table 5. Florida county total employment and value added (GRP) and share contributed by agriculture,
natural resources, and food industries in 2016 ............................................................................................. 42
Trends in Economic Contributions over Time ................................................................................................. 43
Table 6. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in
Florida, 2007 – 2016. ................................................................................................................................... 46
Figure 16. Trends in direct industry output by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in
Florida, 2007-16. Values are expressed in 2016 dollars ............................................................................... 47
Figure 17. Trends in total employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry
groups in Florida, 2007-16. Estimates include regional multiplier effects ................................................... 48
Figure 18. Trends in total value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food
industry groups in Florida, 2007-16. Values are expressed in 2016 dollars. Estimates include regional
multiplier effects .......................................................................................................................................... 49
Figure 19. Trends in direct output by agricultural commodity groups in Florida, 2007-16. Values are
expressed in 2016 dollars. Estimates include regional multiplier effects ..................................................... 50
Figure 20. Trends in international and domestic exports by agricultural commodity group in Florida, 2007-
2016. Values are expressed in 2016 dollars. Estimates include regional multiplier effects.......................... 50
Figure 21. Trends in total employment contributions by agricultural commodity group in Florida, 2007-
2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects ..................................................................................... 51
Figure 22. Trends in total value added contributions by agricultural commodity group in Florida, 2007-16.
Values are expressed in 2016 dollars. Estimates include regional multiplier effects ................................... 51
Literature and Information Sources Cited ............................................................................................................ 52
Appendix A: Trends in Economic Contributions of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Food Industry Groups
and Sectors in Florida, 2007 to 2016 ..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Appendix B: Profiles of Economic Contributions of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Food Industries in
Florida Counties in 2016 ....................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4
Executive Summary
Collectively, the agriculture, natural resources, and food industries are significant contributors to the economy of
the state of Florida. The economic contributions of these industries were evaluated for calendar year 2016 to
update previous reports from the Economic Impact Analysis Program and to provide current information for the
purpose of informed public policy.
Licensed IMPLAN© regional economic modeling software (Version 3) and associated Florida state and county
databases (IMPLAN© Group LLC) for 2016 were used to estimate the total economic contributions of selected
industry sectors associated with agriculture, natural resources, and food. Analyses of this type capture not only
the direct economic activity within these industries, but the indirect activity supported throughout the regional
economy via supply chain relationships and induced activity supported by the re-spending of household income.
This analysis includes 121 industry sectors that represent the broad array of activities encompassed by
commodity production, manufacturing, distribution, and supporting services associated with agriculture and food
as well as natural-resources management. Economic contributions are measured in terms of employment,
industry output, value added, exports, labor income, other property income, and business taxes. A glossary of
economic terms is provided in this document for reference.
The overall economic contributions of Florida agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in 2016 are
summarized in Table ES1:
Direct employment of 1.683 million full-time and part-time jobs, and total employment contributions
(including multiplier effects in other sectors) of 2.294 million jobs, representing 19.9 percent of the state
workforce.
Direct industry output or sales revenues of $165.51 billion, and total output contributions of $263.20 billion.
Foreign and domestic exports of $47.70 billion that bring new money into the Florida economy.
Total value added contributions of $137.23 billion, representing 14.7 percent of Gross State Product
(equivalent to Gross Domestic Product).
Total labor income contributions of $80.82 billion, which includes employee wages, fringe benefits, and
proprietor income.
Total other property income contributions of $43.62 billion representing rents, dividends, interest, royalties,
etc.
Total local, state and federal government tax contributions on production and imports of $12.79 billion.
Across the various industry groups, total employment and value added contributions were largest for Food and
kindred products distribution (1.62 million jobs; $92.96 billion), which includes food service establishments and
retail food stores, followed by Agricultural inputs and services (250,632 jobs; $13.52 billion), Crop, livestock,
forestry, and fisheries production (176,569 jobs; $8.77 billion), Food and kindred product manufacturing
(124,766 jobs; $12.96 billion), Forest product manufacturing (45,570 jobs; $4.62 billion), Mining (36,911 jobs;
5
$2.43 billion), and Nature-based recreation – golf courses (36,979 jobs; $1.97 billion). Excluding the Food and
kindred products distribution industry group, the total value added contribution was $44.27 billion (4.7% of
Gross State Product), and the employment contribution was 671,428 jobs (5.8% of state workforce).
Economic contribution estimates were also aggregated into seven agricultural commodity groups that have
identifiable market-chain linkages between production and processing/manufacturing sectors. Resulting total
employment and value added contributions for these commodity groups include: Environmental horticulture
(174,418 jobs; $8.31 billion), Fruit and vegetable farming and processing (61,529 jobs; $3.62 billion), Forestry
and forest products manufacturing (52,040 jobs; $5.08 billion), Grain and oilseed farming and processing
(39,989 jobs; $2.50 billion), Livestock farming and animal products manufacturing (27,112 jobs; $1.62 billion),
Fishing and seafood products (12,142 jobs; $821 million), and Sugarcane farming and refining (11,230 jobs;
$1.11 billion).
Geographically, the size and composition of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries varies
dramatically across the state of Florida due to differences in climate, natural resource endowments, population,
and settlement patterns. The largest economic contributions occur in the major metro areas of Miami-Ft.
Lauderdale, Orlando, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Sarasota-Bradenton, and Jacksonville, where there are large
demands for food and kindred products, and a large workforce available for the industry (Figure ES1). The eight
largest counties in terms of total employment and value added contributions were Miami-Dade (274,488 jobs;
$18.00 billion), Orange (199,152 jobs; $12.89 billion), Broward (186,187 jobs; $11.50 billion), Palm Beach
(174,025 jobs; $10.80 billion), Hillsborough (170,030 jobs; $11.76 billion), Duval (116,057 jobs; $8.53 billion),
Pinellas (98,210 jobs; $5.39 billion), and Polk (82,077 jobs; $6.12 billion), as mapped in Figure ES2. Additional
detailed information on economic contributions by industry group and sector in individual Florida counties is
available in Appendix B.
During the ten year period of 2007 to 2016, direct employment in Florida’s agriculture, natural resources, and
food industries increased by 26.3 percent, or an average annual rate of 2.9 percent (9 years change), and total
value added contributions grew by 23.3 percent, or 2.6 percent annually, in inflation adjusted terms (Figure ES3).
Growth in total employment contributions during this period was highest for Agricultural inputs and services
(39.8%) and Nature-based recreation – golf courses (37.6 %), followed by Food and kindred products
distribution (28.8%), Food and kindred products manufacturing (20.9%), and Mining (5.6%), while employment
contributions declined in Forest products manufacturing (-10.2%) and Crop, livestock, forestry and fisheries
production (-12.9%) due to changes in labor markets and automation technology. Complete information on
trends in economic contributions for all industry groups and sectors over the 2007-16 period are provided in
Appendix A.
6
Table ES1. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in
Florida in 2016.
Industry Group
Direct
Employ-
ment
(Jobs)
Direct
Output
(M$)
Domestic
and Inter-
national
Exports
(M$)
Employ-
ment
Contrib.
(Jobs)
Output
Contrib.
(M$)
Value
Added
Contrib.
(M$)
Labor
Income
Contrib.
(M$)
Other
Property
Income
Contrib.
(M$)
Production
and Imports
Tax
Contrib.
(M$)
Food & Kindred Products
Distribution 1,213,129 92,755 15,219 1,622,844 157,058 92,959 54,469 28,123 10,367
Agricultural Inputs &
Services 187,630 18,521 8,631 250,632 28,709 13,522 8,803 4,073 646
Crop, Livestock, Forestry
& Fisheries Production 144,130 10,593 5,179 176,569 15,634 8,769 6,339 2,135 294
Food & Kindred Products
Manufacturing 61,797 28,609 12,242 124,766 39,403 12,960 6,491 5,517 953
Nature-based Recreation
(Golf Courses) 27,704 1,872 770 36,979 3,306 1,970 1,168 703 99
Mining 25,907 4,369 1,032 36,911 6,367 2,431 852 1,389 191
Forest Products
Manufacturing 22,403 8,793 4,629 45,570 12,721 4,615 2,693 1,684 238
Total 1,682,699 165,512 47,702 2,294,272 263,197 137,226 80,815 43,624 12,788
Employment represents full-time and part-time jobs. Monetary values are given in millions of dollars. Total contribution estimates include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN© model and state/county data for Florida (IMPLAN© Group LLC) and authors’ calculations.
Figure ES1. Total employment contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida
regions in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida counties.
0 200 400 600 800
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Miami-Fort Lauderdale
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg
Thousand Fulltime and Part-time Jobs
Crop, Livestock, Forestry &Fisheries Production
Agricultural Inputs & Services
Food & Kindred ProductsManufacturing
Forest Products Manufacturing
Food & Kindred ProductsDistribution
Mining
Nature-based Recreation
7
Figure ES2. Map of value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in
Florida counties in 2016. Values are expressed in millions of dollars, and include regional multiplier effects.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida counties and ArcGIS software.
10,001 – 20,000
5,001 – 10,000
2,001 – 5,000
1,001 – 2,000
50 – 1,000
Legend
tl_2016_us_county selection
Emp_Impact
782.000000 - 11623.000000
11623.000001 - 29251.000000
29251.000001 - 54092.000000
54092.000001 - 116057.000000
116057.000001 - 274488.000000
8
Figure ES3. Trends in total value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry
groups in Florida, 2007-16. Values are expressed in 2016 dollars. Estimates include regional multiplier effects.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida.
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
Bill
ion
Do
llars
Food & Kindred ProductsDistribution
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Agricultural Inputs &Services
Food & Kindred ProductsManufacturing
Crop, Livestock, Forestry& Fisheries Production
Forest ProductsManufacturing
Mining
Nature-based Recreation
9
Glossary of Economic Impact Terms
Contribution (economic) represents the gross change in economic activity associated with an industry, event, or
policy in an existing regional economy.
Employee compensation is comprised of wages, salaries, commissions, and benefits such as health and life
insurance, retirement, and other forms of cash or non-cash compensation.
Employment is a measure of the number of jobs involved, including full-time, part-time, and seasonal positions.
It is not a measure of full-time equivalents (FTE).
Exports are sales of goods to customers outside the region in which they are produced, which represents a net
inflow of money to the region. This also applies to sales of goods and services to customers visiting from other
regions.
Final Demand represents sales to final consumers, including households, governments, and exports from the
region.
Gross Regional Product is a measure of total economic activity in a region, or total income generated by all
goods and services. It equals the total value added by all industries in that region, and is equivalent to Gross
Domestic Product for the nation.
IMPLAN© is a computer-based input-output modeling system that enables users to create regional economic
models and multipliers for any region consisting of one or more counties or states in the United States. The
current version of the IMPLAN© software, version 3, accounts for commodity production and consumption for
536 industry sectors, 10 household income levels, taxes to local/state and federal governments, capital
investment, imports and exports, transfer payments, and business inventories. Regional datasets for individual
counties or states are purchased separately. The IMPLAN© software and regional data are licensed by IMPLAN©
Group, LLC, Huntersville, NC.
Imports are purchases of goods and services originating outside the region of analysis.
Income is the money earned within the region from production and sales. Total income includes labor income
such as wages, salaries, employee benefits, and business proprietor income, plus other property income.
Taxes on Production and Imports are taxes paid to governments by individuals or businesses for property,
excise, and sales taxes, but do not include income taxes.
Input-Output (I-O) model and Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) is a representation of the transactions
between industry sectors within a regional economy that captures what each sector purchases from every other
sector to produce its output of goods or services. Using such a model, flows of economic activity associated with
any change in spending or employment may be traced backwards through the supply chain.
Local refers to goods and services that are sourced from within the region, which may be defined as a county,
multi-county cluster, or state. Non-local refers to economic activity originating outside the region.
Margins represent the portion of the purchaser price accruing to the retailer, wholesaler, and
producer/manufacturer in the supply chain. Typically, only the retail margins of many goods purchased by
consumers accrue to the local region, as the wholesaler, shipper, and manufacturer often lie outside the local
area.
10
Multipliers capture the total effects, both direct and secondary, in a given region, generally as a ratio of the total
change in economic activity in the region relative to the direct change. Multipliers are derived from an I-O model
of the regional economy. Multipliers may be expressed as ratios of sales, income, or employment, or as ratios of
total income or employment changes relative to direct sales. Multipliers express the degree of interdependency
between sectors in a region's economy and therefore vary considerably across regions and sectors. A sector-
specific multiplier gives the total changes to the economy associated with a unit change in output or
employment in a given sector (i.e., the direct or initial economic effect) being evaluated. Indirect effects
multipliers represent the changes in sales, income, or employment within the region in backward-linked
industries supplying goods and services to businesses (e.g., increased sales in input supply firms resulting from
more industry sales). Induced effects multipliers represent the increased sales within the region from household
spending of the income earned in the direct and supporting industries for housing, utilities, food, etc. An
imputed multiplier is calculated as the ratio of the total impact divided by direct effect for any given measure
(e.g., output, employment).
Other property income represents income received from investments such as corporate dividends, royalties,
property rentals, or interest on loans.
Output is the dollar value of a good or service produced or sold, and is equivalent to sales revenues plus changes
in business inventories.
Producer prices are the prices paid for goods at the factory or point of production. For manufactured goods, the
purchaser price equals the producer price plus a retail margin, a wholesale margin, and a transportation margin.
For services, the producer and purchaser prices are equivalent.
Proprietor income is income received by non-incorporated private business owners or self-employed
individuals.
Purchaser prices are the prices paid by the final consumer of a good or service.
Region or Regional Economy is the geographic area and the economic activity it contains for which
contributions are estimated. It may consist of an individual county, an aggregation of several counties, a state, or
aggregation of states. These aggregations are sometimes defined on the basis of worker commuting patterns.
Sector is an individual industry or group of industries that produce similar products or services, or have similar
production processes. Sectors are classified according to the North American Industrial Classification System
(NAICS).
Value Added is a broad measure of income, representing the sum of employee compensation, proprietor income,
other property income, indirect business taxes and capital consumption (depreciation). Value added is a
commonly used measure of the contribution of an industry to a regional economy because it avoids double
counting of intermediate sales.
11
Introduction
Agriculture, natural resources, and food industries represent a broad set of economic activities generating
employment and income, and producing goods and services that contribute to the economic growth and
development of Florida and the United States. Florida has approximately 4,300 square miles of croplands,
orchards, and grasslands used for agricultural production, and 19,000 square miles of forests that together occupy
about 54 percent of the state’s land area (USDA-FIA, 2014). The state has a sub-tropical climate that enables
production of an immense variety of food, fiber, mineral, and ornamental commodities. The unrefined
commodities are converted into finished products by the food and kindred product manufacturing industries, and
finished goods then move through the wholesale and retail distribution chain to final consumers or to other
industry sectors as intermediate goods for further value added processing. These industries are also linked to a
broad array of allied suppliers that provide production inputs and supporting services. In addition, farmlands,
timberlands, and other undeveloped natural lands provide an array of opportunities for nature-based recreation
and eco-tourism. Thus, the chain of agricultural and related food industry activities encompasses “farm to table”
and beyond.
The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic contributions of agricultural and other natural-resource
based activities to the state of Florida. Economic contribution analysis assesses the effect of existing activities or
industries on the overall economy of a region, such as a state or county. Any activity that generates payments has
an effect on other parts of a given economy, and any expenditure by one entity becomes income to another
entity. In economic contribution analysis, these secondary effects are measured through economic multipliers for
each type of activity (industry sector) obtained from regional economic models.
Assessment of the economic contributions of specific industries to the economy of Florida is important to
making informed public policy decisions regarding economic and community development, job creation,
environmental regulation, labor and human resources, and taxation, among other issues. This report provides
estimates of the economic contributions to the state of Florida in 2016 by a set of broadly defined industries
comprising agriculture, natural resources, and related food and kindred product manufacturing and distribution
activities. This report updates a series of previous studies completed for years 2007 through 2015 (Hodges,
Rahmani and Court, 2017; Hodges, Rahmani, and Stevens 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013; Hodges and Rahmani, 2012,
2011; Hodges, Rahmani, and Mulkey, 2010).
12
Methods
This analysis employs licensed IMPLAN© software and Florida state/county databases for 2007 to 2016
(IMPLAN Group, LLC 2017). Data are derived from the National Income and Product Accounts for the United
States (U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis), the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics), Census of Agriculture (U.S. Department of Agriculture), and
numerous other sources. IMPLAN© characterizes 536 industry sectors, of which 121 sectors were identified as
related to agriculture, natural resources, and food industries for basic commodity production, allied input supply
and supporting services, food and kindred product manufacturing, forest product manufacturing, food and
kindred product distribution, and nature-based recreation. Note that some industry sectors in this analysis, such
as wholesale food distribution, pest control services, retail lawn and garden centers, and golf courses, were
reclassified from their original major industry group designation under the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS) to be included as part of the broadly defined agriculture and food-related
industries. The rationale for including processing or manufacturing industries in this analysis is that they share a
common dependence upon the agricultural and natural resource base, and would not exist in the state if not for
the basic production activities. Food and kindred product distribution sectors, such as wholesalers, food stores,
and restaurants, although not strictly dependent upon Florida’s agricultural production and natural resources,
were also included in the analysis because they are the endpoint of the market chain for the delivery of
agricultural and food products to final consumers.
Economic contribution estimates were also re-grouped for several recognizable commodity groups that have
strong linkages between agricultural production and processing/manufacturing or distribution sectors, as
reflected in many vertically integrated firms or long-term supply contracts. These commodity groups included
environmental horticulture (nursery and greenhouse production, landscape services, and retail garden centers),
fishing and seafood products, forestry and forest product manufacturing, fruit and vegetable farming and
processing, grain and oilseed farming and processing, livestock farming and animal products manufacturing, and
sugarcane farming, refined sugar, and confections.
IMPLAN© enables construction of input-output models and social accounting matrices that represent the
structure of a regional economy in terms of transactions among industry sectors, households, and governments.
Regional economic models were developed for the state of Florida and for all 67 counties in the state using the
IMPLAN© software and Florida state-county data package for 2016. Models were constructed with specifications
for the commodity tradeflows gravity model representing the share of commodities purchased from local
sources, and social-institutional accounts for households treated as endogenous within the models. The state level
model was modified within IMPLAN© for multi-industry economic contribution analysis (Cheney, 2016). Note
that this approach differs from previous reports for 2007 through 2015, so results presented here do not match
with those previously reported. Also note that the IMPLAN© industry sectoring scheme was revised in 2007 and
2013, so some industries were regrouped to evaluate trends over the entire period.
13
The IMPLAN© model includes accounts for industrial and commodity production, employment, labor and
property income, household and institutional consumption, domestic and international trade (imports, exports),
government taxes, transfer payments (such as welfare and retirement), and capital investment. Economic
multipliers are estimated for each industry to estimate the indirect and induced contributions of activity in the
agriculture, natural resource, and food industries (Miller and Blair 2009). Indirect effects represent the economic
activity supported within specific supply chains through the purchase of intermediate inputs from vendor firms
outside of the 121 sectors of interest. Induced effects represent the contributions of spending by households. The
total economic contributions were calculated as the sum of direct, indirect, and induced effects. Results are
referred to as "economic contributions," as opposed to "economic impacts" because they represent the ongoing
economic activity of existing industries, rather than a net change in activity resulting from external influences
(Watson et al. 2007).
Different measures of economic contributions reported here include industry output or revenue (sales),
employment (full-time, part-time, and seasonal positions), value added, labor income, other property income, and
government taxes. Value added is a broad measure of net economic activity that is comparable to the Gross
Domestic Product (GDP), and represents the sum of labor and other property income, taxes on production and
imports, and capital consumption (depreciation). It is important to highlight the fact that estimating economic
contributions on the basis of industry sales double-counts the sales from one level of the market chain to the next
(e.g., sales of citrus juice products by processors include the value of citrus fruit purchased from growers).
Estimates based on value added do not double-count because the value of intermediate inputs purchased from
other sectors is netted-out. The glossary of economic terminology explains these terms in detail.
Information on economic contributions was developed for the state of Florida, nine multi-county regions, and 67
individual counties. The multi-county regions encompass one or more core urban areas and adjacent
nonmetropolitan counties that are economically linked by employee commuting patterns and media markets, as
defined by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (Johnson and Kort 2004). It should be noted that some
counties in north Florida that are part of economic areas in Georgia were regrouped with Florida regions for this
analysis. State level estimates were proportionally allocated to counties based on county-level direct
employment, output and value added in each industry sector. County level results were then aggregated to the
nine multi-county regions.
For some industry activities that represent only a portion of an IMPLAN© industry sector, values were estimated
as a share of their parent sector based on employment data from the Quarterly Census of Employment and
Wages (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics) for 2016: Wholesale food distribution was 22.0 percent of Wholesale
trade, Pest control services were 16.9 percent of Services to buildings, Retail lawn-and-garden centers were 7.4
percent of Building materials and garden equipment and supplies, and Golf courses were 44.0 percent of Other
amusement and recreation industries.
14
Reported employment figures represent all full-time, part-time, and temporary or seasonal jobs, rather than full-
time equivalent employees. All monetary values were expressed in 2016 U.S. dollars using the annual average
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Implicit Price Deflators, which account for the effects of price changes in the
measurement of GDP (U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis).
15
Results
Economic Contributions by Industry Groups and Sectors
Economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida for 2016 are summarized
in Table 1 and Figures 1-4. The industries are categorized in seven major groups: 1) Crop, Livestock, Forestry,
and Fisheries Production; 2) Agricultural Inputs and Services; 3) Food and Kindred Products Manufacturing; 4)
Forest Products Manufacturing; 5) Food and Kindred Products Distribution; 6) Mining; and 7) Nature-based
Recreation. Results are reported for each industry group and the largest individual industry sectors within each
group.
Direct industry output or sales revenues in 2016 were $165.51 billion, and output contributions, including
regional multiplier effects in other sectors, were estimated at $263.20 billion. Direct employment was 1.683
million full-time and part-time jobs, and the total employment contribution was 2.294 million jobs. Direct value
added was $81.83 billion and the total value added contribution to Gross State Product (GSP) was $137.23
billion. Foreign and domestic exports of goods and services from Florida were $47.70 billion. Total labor income
contributions were $80.82 billion, representing employee wages, benefits and business proprietor income. Total
other property income contributions, such as rents, interest, royalties, and dividends, were $43.62 billion. Total
local, state, and federal government tax contributions for production and imports were $12.79 billion (Table 1).
Figure 1. Structure of economic activity and summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural
resources, and food industries in Florida in 2016.
Direct Employment (full-time & part-time): 1,682,699 Jobs
Direct Industry Output (Sales Revenues): $165.512 Billion
Foreign and Domestic Exports: $47.702 Billion
Total Employment Contribution: 2,294,272 Jobs
Direct Value Added (GDP, Personal & Business Net Income):
$81.825 Billion
Total Value Added Contribution: $137.226 Billion
Industry Input
Purchases
Regional multiplier effects
Crop, livestock, forestry, fishery
production
Food and forest product manufacturing
.
Food & kindred product
distribution, nature-based
recreation
Agricultural inputs & services, mining
16
Crop, livestock, forestry, and fisheries production includes sectors that produce basic unrefined food, and fiber
commodities. In 2016, direct output of these sectors was $10.59 billion, exports were $5.18 billion, and total
output contributions were $15.63 billion (Table 1, Figure 2). Direct employment was 144,130 jobs and total
employment contributions were 176,569 jobs (Table 1, Figure 3). Total value added contributions were $8.77
billion (Table 1, Figure 4), total labor income contributions were $6.34 billion, total other property-income
contributions were $2.14 billion, and total contributions from taxes on production and imports were $294
million. Among individual industry sectors in this group, those with the highest total value added contributions
were support activities for agriculture and forestry ($2.30 billion), fruit farming ($1.35 billion including citrus,
blueberries and tropical fruits), greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production ($1.29 billion), and vegetable
and melon farming ($1.22 billion). A second tier of sectors with large total value added contributions were
commercial fishing ($544 million), sugarcane farming ($457 million), and commercial logging ($315 million).
Sectors with the highest total employment contributions were support activities for agriculture and forestry
(56,723 jobs), fruit farming (34,987 jobs), greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production (20,480 jobs),
vegetable and melon farming (15,163 jobs), other crop farming (11,198 jobs), and commercial fishing (8,385
jobs). Significant total value added and total employment contributions were also generated by the sectors for all
other crop farming ($229 million; 11,198 jobs), beef cattle ranching and farming ($219 million; 8,094 jobs),
dairy cattle and milk production ($237 million; 2,476 jobs), animal production except cattle and poultry ($195
million; 4,057 jobs), forestry, forest products, and timber tract production ($149 million; 1,974 jobs), and poultry
and egg production ($100 million; 1,103 jobs).
Agricultural inputs and services includes a variety of sectors providing inputs or supporting services for
agricultural operations, including landscape management. Sales revenues in 2016 for this group were $18.52
billion, including domestic and international exports of $8.63 billion, and total output contributions were $28.71
billion (Table 1, Figure 2). Direct employment was 187,630 jobs and total employment contributions were
250,632 jobs (Table 1, Figure 3). Total value added contributions were $13.52 billion (Table 1, Figure 4), total
labor income contributions were $8.80 billion, total other property income contributions were $4.07 billion, and
total contributions from taxes on production and imports were $646 million. The leading sector in this group was
landscape and horticultural services, with total value added contributions of $6.28 billion and total employment
contributions of 143,565 jobs, followed by pest control services ($1.62 billion; 49,607 jobs), veterinary services
($2.50 billion; 37,107 jobs) and phosphatic fertilizer manufacturing ($2.37 billion; 13,566 jobs). Other minor
sectors in this group included fertilizer mixing, nitrogenous fertilizer manufacturing, and pesticide and other
agricultural chemical manufacturing.
Food and kindred products manufacturing is a large industry group with 45 individual sectors that are engaged
in converting unrefined agricultural commodities into food products for final consumers. In 2016, this industry
group had direct output of $28.61 billion, domestic and international exports of $12.24 billion, and total output
contributions of $39.40 billion. Direct employment was 61,797 jobs and total employment contributions were
124,766 jobs. The group had total value added contributions of $12.96 billion, total labor income contributions
17
of $6.49 billion, total other property income contributions of $5.52 billion, and total contributions from taxes on
production and imports of $953 million (Table 1, Figures 2-4). Among individual sectors, the highest total value
added and employment contributions were for bottled and canned soft drinks and water ($2.28 billion; 20,256
jobs), tobacco product manufacturing ($2.47 billion; 6,299 jobs), bread and bakery product, except frozen,
manufacturing ($1.92 billion; 32,941 jobs), canned fruits and vegetable manufacturing ($677 million; 7,415
jobs), breweries ($681 million; 5,053 jobs), and frozen fruits, juices, and vegetables manufacturing ($374
million; 3,964 jobs). Other manufacturing sectors with significant total value added contributions included
sugarcane mills and refining ($497 million), distilleries ($431 million), all other food manufacturing ($423
million), fluid milk manufacturing ($321 million), seafood product preparation and packaging ($277 million),
cookie and cracker manufacturing ($247 million), other animal food manufacturing ($187 million), and coffee
and tea manufacturing ($180 million).
Forest products manufacturing is a group of industries that processes raw timber or wood into finished wood,
paper products, and chemical products. In 2016, this industry group had direct output valued at $8.79 billion,
domestic and international exports of $4.63 billion, and total output contributions of $12.72 billion. This group
had direct employment of 22,403 jobs, and total employment contributions of 45,570 jobs. The group generated
total value added contributions of $4.62 billion, total labor income contributions of $2.69 billion, total other
property income contributions of $1.68 billion, and total contributions from taxes on production and imports of
$238 million (Table 1, Figures 2-4). Leading sectors within this group in terms of total value added and total
employment contributions were paperboard container manufacturing ($665 million; 6,620 jobs), sanitary paper
product manufacturing ($791 million; 4,336 jobs), paper mills ($496 million; 3,396 jobs), engineered wood
member and truss manufacturing ($430 million; 6,392 jobs), pulp mills ($325 million, 2,609 jobs), and
paperboard mills ($324 million; 2,239 jobs). Other sectors with significant total value added contributions
included sawmills ($300 million), other millwork including flooring ($232 million), paper bag and coated/treated
paper manufacturing ($179 million), wood container and pallet manufacturing ($178 million), and wood
windows and door manufacturing ($174 million).
Mining is a natural resource-based activity for the extraction of basic mineral commodities such as oil, natural
gas, stone, sand, gravel, clay, phosphate, and various metals. In 2016, the mining industries in Florida
collectively had direct output of $4.37 billion, domestic and international exports of $1.03 billion, and total
output contributions of $6.37 billion. This industry group had direct employment of 25,907 jobs and total
employment contributions of 36,911 jobs. Total value added contributions were $2.43 billion, total labor income
contributions were $852 million, total other property income contributions were $1.39 billion, and total
contributions from taxes on production and imports were $191 million (Table 1, Figures 2-4). The largest
individual sector in terms of total employment contributions was extraction of natural gas and crude petroleum
(18,082 jobs), with total value added contributions of $235 million. Other individual sectors with significant total
value added and employment contributions were phosphate rock mining ($946 million; 4,455 jobs), stone mining
and quarrying ($357 million; 2,505 jobs), and sand and gravel mining ($257 million; 2,361 jobs). Other minor
18
sectors in this industry group were drilling oil and gas wells, extraction of natural gas liquids, support activities
for oil and gas operations, other metal ore mining, coal mining, and other nonmetallic minerals.
Nature-based recreation includes golf courses. In 2016, this industry in Florida had a direct output of $1.87
billion, exports or sales to Florida visitors of $770 million, total output contributions of $3.31 billion, direct
employment of 27,704 jobs, total employment contributions of 36,979 jobs, total value added contributions of
$1.97 billion, total labor income contributions of $1.17 billion, total other property income contributions of $703
million, and total contributions from taxes on production and imports of $99 million (Table 1, Figures 2-4). Note
that these estimates do not include recreational use of public beaches or other outdoor resources in Florida
because data were not available to reliably estimate economic contributions for these activities.
Food and kindred products distribution includes activities for wholesale and retail trade in agricultural, food
and related products. This group of industry sectors is only indirectly related to agriculture and natural resources
because it serves to deliver products from Florida and other locations to final consumers, but is included in this
analysis for perspective on the scope of the complex market chain for food and kindred products. In 2016, this
industry group in Florida had a direct output of $92.76 billion, and total output contributions of $157.06 billion.
It had direct employment of 1.213 million jobs, and generated total employment contributions of 1.623 million
jobs. Total value added contributions were $92.96 billion, total labor income contributions were $54.47 billion,
total other property income contributions were $28.12 billion, and total contributions from taxes on production
and imports were $10.37 billion (Table 1, Figures 2-4). Collectively, this group represented 68 percent of total
value added contributions and 71 percent of total employment contributions for all agriculture, natural resources,
and food industries included in this analysis. Among individual sectors within this group, the largest total value
added contributions were for limited-service restaurants ($26.13 billion) and full-service restaurants ($21.99
billion), followed by wholesale trade in food and kindred products ($21.91 billion), and retail food and beverage
stores ($14.89 billion). The largest total employment contributions were generated by full-service restaurants
(537,352 jobs), limited-service restaurants (426,524 jobs), and retail food and beverage stores (273,725 jobs).
Other sectors in this group were other food and drinking places and retail lawn and garden centers.
Excluding sectors for food and kindred products distribution, all other agriculture, natural resources, and food
industries had $25.85 billion in direct output, total output contributions of $32.48 billion, direct employment of
469,570 jobs, total employment contributions of 72,757 jobs, total value added contributions of $44.27 billion,
total labor income contributions of $26.35 billion, total other property income contributions of $15.50 billion,
and total contributions from taxes on production and imports of $2.42 billion (Table 1).
19
Figure 2. Total output contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in the state of
Florida in 2016.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida.
Figure 3. Total employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in the state
of Florida in 2016.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida.
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175
Food & Kindred Products Distribution
Agricultural Inputs & Services
Crop, Livestock, Forestry & FisheriesProduction
Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing
Nature-based Recreation
Mining
Forest Products Manufacturing
Billion Dollars
Direct Indirect-Induced
0 250 500 750 1,000 1,250 1,500 1,750
Food & Kindred Products Distribution
Agricultural Inputs & Services
Crop, Livestock, Forestry & FisheriesProduction
Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing
Nature-based Recreation
Mining
Forest Products Manufacturing
Thousand Full-time, Part-time Jobs
Direct Indirect-Induced
20
Figure 4. Total value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in
the state of Florida in 2016.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida.
0 20 40 60 80 100
Food & Kindred Products Distribution
Agricultural Inputs & Services
Crop, Livestock, Forestry & FisheriesProduction
Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing
Nature-based Recreation
Mining
Forest Products Manufacturing
Billion Dollars
Direct Indirect/Induced
21
Table 1. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups and
sectors in the state of Florida in 2016. Sectors are sorted in descending order of direct employment.
Industry Group / Sector
Direct
Employ-
ment
(jobs)
Direct
Output
(M$)
Domestic
& Inter-
national
Exports
(M$)
Employ-
ment
Contrib.
(jobs)
Output
Contrib.
(M$)
Value
Added
Contrib.
(M$)
Labor
Income
Contrib.
(M$)
Other
Property
Income
Contrib.
(M$)
Production
& Imports
Tax
Contrib.
(M$)
Crop, Livestock, Forestry &
Fisheries Production 144,130 10,593 5,179 176,569 15,634 8,769 6,339 2,135 294
Support activities for agriculture and
forestry 47,980 2,132 1,197 56,723 3,446 2,304 1,907 311 86
Fruit farming 29,817 1,635 879 34,987 2,465 1,352 998 316 38
Greenhouse, nursery, and
floriculture production 15,465 1,637 968 20,480 2,408 1,288 999 253 35
Vegetable and melon farming 10,563 1,483 566 15,163 2,206 1,219 868 317 34
All other crop farming 10,169 307 126 11,198 480 229 165 56 8
Commercial fishing 8,048 525 322 8,385 576 544 73 437 34
Beef cattle ranching and farming 7,061 549 241 8,094 716 219 142 70 6
Animal production, except cattle and
poultry and eggs 3,416 218 8 4,057 315 195 135 56 4
Sugarcane and sugar beet farming 3,296 591 370 5,525 942 457 335 107 15
Commercial logging 3,289 342 100 4,495 522 315 266 36 14
Dairy cattle and milk production 1,529 491 72 2,476 643 237 164 67 7
Forestry, forest products, and timber
tract production 1,428 163 118 1,974 244 149 128 15 6
Poultry and egg production 674 317 111 1,103 385 100 77 20 3
Commercial hunting and trapping 559 66 7 629 76 68 15 50 2
Cotton farming 406 74 63 653 113 55 41 13 2
Tree nut farming 205 17 10 256 25 14 10 3 0
Grain farming 189 37 11 298 56 14 9 7 -1
Oilseed farming 24 9 9 55 14 7 6 2 0
Tobacco farming 12 1 1 16 2 1 1 0 0
Agricultural Inputs & Services 187,630 18,521 8,631 250,632 28,709 13,522 8,803 4,073 646
Landscape and horticultural services 115,771 6,267 1,773 143,565 10,639 6,276 4,544 1,486 246
Pest control services 41,241 1,543 431 49,607 2,795 1,620 1,222 333 66
Veterinary services 24,995 2,724 418 37,107 4,637 2,501 1,669 707 125
Phosphatic fertilizer manufacturing 2,892 6,058 4,940 13,566 7,983 2,368 949 1,260 160
Fertilizer mixing 1,360 886 735 2,977 1,156 359 195 143 21
Farm machinery and equipment
manufacturing 428 201 42 901 280 83 52 26 5
Lawn and garden equipment
manufacturing 401 209 161 726 263 61 41 17 2
Nitrogenous fertilizer manufacturing 332 399 92 1,319 598 148 79 55 14
Pesticide and other agricultural
chemical manufacturing 210 235 40 865 357 106 53 46 7
Food & Kindred Products
Manufacturing 61,797 28,609 12,242 124,766 39,403 12,960 6,491 5,517 953
Bread and bakery product, except
frozen, manufacturing 22,614 2,781 1,356 32,941 4,431 1,923 1,274 468 181
Bottled and canned soft drinks &
water 7,003 5,728 1,507 20,256 8,137 2,281 1,232 924 125
All other food manufacturing 3,553 1,155 806 6,359 1,613 423 290 114 19
22
Industry Group / Sector
Direct
Employ-
ment
(jobs)
Direct
Output
(M$)
Domestic
& Inter-
national
Exports
(M$)
Employ-
ment
Contrib.
(jobs)
Output
Contrib.
(M$)
Value
Added
Contrib.
(M$)
Labor
Income
Contrib.
(M$)
Other
Property
Income
Contrib.
(M$)
Production
& Imports
Tax
Contrib.
(M$)
Canned fruits and vegetables
manufacturing 3,385 1,796 1,212 7,415 2,469 677 449 199 29
Breweries 2,066 1,194 240 5,053 1,786 681 313 284 84
Seafood product preparation and
packaging 2,044 693 278 3,757 963 277 178 87 12
Frozen fruits, juices and vegetables
manufacturing 1,932 890 562 3,964 1,229 374 240 118 16
Poultry processing 1,525 447 224 2,412 591 149 104 39 6
Fluid milk manufacturing 1,450 1,108 107 3,498 1,439 321 197 109 14
Cookie and cracker manufacturing 1,446 509 209 2,814 729 247 146 91 10
Sugar cane mills and refining 1,172 1,125 956 3,577 1,524 497 252 227 18
Meat processed from carcasses 1,130 574 147 1,911 701 140 93 40 8
Frozen cakes and other pastries
manufacturing 1,090 169 121 1,578 251 92 57 24 11
Tobacco product manufacturing 1,081 3,798 556 6,299 4,706 2,468 454 1,781 233
Ice cream and frozen dessert
manufacturing 902 325 144 1,487 427 102 58 40 4
Spice and extract manufacturing 835 419 348 1,912 598 169 109 53 8
Coffee and tea manufacturing 819 532 422 2,077 738 180 101 71 8
Frozen specialties manufacturing 772 282 32 1,230 361 92 64 24 4
Mayonnaise, dressing, and sauce
manufacturing 735 450 349 1,437 570 160 87 67 6
Other snack food manufacturing 707 437 113 1,310 548 170 71 94 5
Other animal food manufacturing 706 865 354 1,884 1,084 187 105 74 8
Non-chocolate confectionery
manufacturing 613 217 166 1,128 308 84 50 30 4
Distilleries 544 651 617 1,621 842 431 117 210 104
Wineries 451 137 117 897 218 71 43 23 4
Confectionery manufacturing from
purchased chocolate 381 122 92 624 166 47 27 18 2
Manufactured ice 356 40 4 617 88 30 31 -3 2
Tortilla manufacturing 350 69 4 536 100 38 26 11 2
Rendering and meat byproduct
processing 326 159 103 1,073 276 80 57 18 4
Animal, except poultry, slaughtering 316 213 94 686 270 53 32 18 3
Dry pasta, mixes, and dough
manufacturing 229 119 87 465 159 44 22 20 2
Flavoring syrup and concentrate
manufacturing 186 407 314 812 518 166 47 114 4
Chocolate and confectionery
manufacturing from cacao beans 180 105 80 376 138 30 16 12 1
Dog and cat food manufacturing 167 213 173 516 278 52 24 25 2
Flour milling 166 227 40 730 334 83 48 31 5
Roasted nuts and peanut butter
manufacturing 161 121 13 437 170 50 22 27 2
Rice milling 77 56 34 151 69 11 7 4 1
Cheese manufacturing 67 64 43 162 79 15 10 5 1
Dehydrated food products
manufacturing 64 27 4 122 36 7 4 2 0
23
Industry Group / Sector
Direct
Employ-
ment
(jobs)
Direct
Output
(M$)
Domestic
& Inter-
national
Exports
(M$)
Employ-
ment
Contrib.
(jobs)
Output
Contrib.
(M$)
Value
Added
Contrib.
(M$)
Labor
Income
Contrib.
(M$)
Other
Property
Income
Contrib.
(M$)
Production
& Imports
Tax
Contrib.
(M$)
Soybean and other oilseed
processing 42 186 114 226 217 23 13 8 1
Dry, condensed, and evaporated
dairy product manufacturing 38 51 16 108 63 8 5 3 0
Fats and oils refining and blending 34 55 41 73 62 5 3 2 0
Canned specialties 31 24 18 69 31 6 4 2 0
Malt manufacturing 19 24 10 64 33 5 3 2 1
Creamery butter manufacturing 15 22 2 44 27 4 2 2 0
Breakfast cereal manufacturing 12 10 7 28 12 5 2 3 0
Wet corn milling 6 10 3 29 14 3 2 1 0
Forest Products Manufacturing 22,403 8,793 4,629 45,570 12,721 4,615 2,693 1,684 238
Engineered wood member and truss
manufacturing 3,750 770 450 6,392 1,202 430 323 77 30
Paperboard container manufacturing 2,964 1,394 339 6,620 1,998 665 421 198 46
Sawmills 2,330 614 171 4,184 917 300 223 61 16
Wood container and pallet
manufacturing 1,963 293 39 2,927 450 178 132 39 7
Other millwork, including flooring 1,830 377 44 3,129 585 232 163 58 11
Sanitary paper product
manufacturing 1,791 1,559 1,119 4,336 2,010 791 276 493 21
Wood windows and door
manufacturing 1,321 277 13 2,383 450 174 125 40 9
Paper mills 1,155 966 731 3,396 1,377 496 237 227 31
All other miscellaneous wood
product manufacturing 1,016 176 37 1,715 289 121 88 29 5
Pulp mills 823 614 578 2,609 914 325 186 122 16
Paper bag and coated and treated
paper manufacturing 807 383 269 1,600 521 179 99 72 8
Paperboard mills 671 596 543 2,239 886 324 160 147 17
Veneer and plywood manufacturing 505 154 55 1,013 240 95 70 19 6
Wood preservation 435 216 47 893 291 76 48 24 4
Stationery product manufacturing 427 188 85 890 264 107 62 41 4
All other converted paper product
manufacturing 290 91 66 575 139 51 33 16 2
Reconstituted wood product
manufacturing 177 96 39 435 141 58 39 16 4
Cut stock, re-sawing lumber, and
planning 147 30 4 236 45 15 10 4 1
Food & Kindred Products
Distribution 1,213,129 92,755 15,219 1,622,844 157,058 92,959 54,469 28,123 10,367
Full-service restaurants 429,638 22,149 5,349 537,352 39,372 21,994 16,278 3,669 2,047
Limited-service restaurants 330,580 29,088 3,061 426,524 44,658 26,126 11,403 12,396 2,327
Retail - Food and beverage stores 204,237 13,486 1,398 273,725 24,250 14,889 8,920 4,265 1,704
All other food and drinking places 154,349 6,884 18 189,273 12,285 7,289 5,826 555 909
Wholesale trade in food and kindred
products 87,557 20,464 5,340 185,598 35,251 21,913 11,608 7,017 3,289
Retail lawn and garden centers 6,769 683 53 10,373 1,242 748 434 223 91
Mining 25,907 4,369 1,032 36,911 6,367 2,431 852 1,389 191
24
Industry Group / Sector
Direct
Employ-
ment
(jobs)
Direct
Output
(M$)
Domestic
& Inter-
national
Exports
(M$)
Employ-
ment
Contrib.
(jobs)
Output
Contrib.
(M$)
Value
Added
Contrib.
(M$)
Labor
Income
Contrib.
(M$)
Other
Property
Income
Contrib.
(M$)
Production
& Imports
Tax
Contrib.
(M$)
Extraction of natural gas and crude
petroleum 15,913 1,028 98 18,082 1,424 235 139 75 22
Drilling oil and gas wells 2,376 282 0 3,256 429 106 56 37 13
Stone mining and quarrying 1,477 433 7 2,505 605 357 104 238 15
Sand and gravel mining 1,408 375 29 2,361 558 257 58 182 17
Extraction of natural gas liquids 1,268 383 36 2,336 578 116 65 40 12
Phosphate rock mining 1,146 1,224 539 4,455 1,833 946 298 594 54
Support activities for oil and gas
operations 938 71 9 1,289 128 59 36 16 6
Other nonmetallic minerals 308 67 15 594 112 58 24 32 3
Coal mining 302 139 73 587 195 46 9 9 28
Other metal ore mining 259 245 173 583 319 166 30 122 14
Other nonmetallic minerals services 163 17 1 245 31 16 9 5 1
Other clay, ceramic, refractory
minerals mining 133 55 36 300 81 51 21 29 2
Iron ore mining 75 20 11 106 29 5 -1 3 2
Gold ore mining 58 14 1 75 17 3 1 1 1
Metal mining services 48 6 0 65 9 4 2 2 0
Potash, soda, and borate mineral
mining 18 8 0 46 13 5 2 2 1
Other chemical and fertilizer mineral
mining 16 3 2 26 5 2 1 1 0
Nature-based Recreation (Golf
courses) 27,704 1,872 770 36,979 3,306 1,970 1,168 703 99
Total All Industries 1,682,699 165,512 47,702 2,294,272 263,197 137,226 80,815 43,624 12,788
Total excluding Food & Kindred
Products Distribution 469,570 25,846 106,139 72,757 32,483 44,267 26,346 15,500 2,421
Total contribution estimates include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida (IMPLAN© Group, LLC 2017).
25
Economic Contributions by Agricultural Commodity Groups
In addition to the industry groups noted above, information on economic contributions was compiled for groups
of food and fiber commodities having identifiable market-chain linkages between producers, manufacturers, and
service sectors. Results for total output, value added and employment contributions are summarized in Figures 5-
7. Environmental horticulture, which includes greenhouse, nursery and floriculture production, landscape
services, and retail lawn and garden centers, had combined total output contributions of $14.29 billion, total
value added contributions of $8.31 billion and total employment contributions of 174,418 jobs. Fruit and
vegetable farming and processing, including sectors for fruit farming, vegetable and melon farming, canned
fruits and vegetables manufacturing, and frozen fruits, juices, and vegetables manufacturing, had total output
contributions of $8.37 billion, total value added contributions of $3.62 billion and total employment
contributions of 61,529 jobs. Forestry and forest products, which includes 20 sectors, had combined total output
contributions of $13.49 billion, total value added contributions of $5.08 billion, and total employment
contributions of 52,040 jobs. Grain and oilseed farming and processing had total output contributions of $6.48
billion, total value added contributions of $2.50 billion, and total employment contributions 39,989 jobs.
Livestock farming and animal products manufacturing, including dairy cattle and milk production, beef cattle
ranching and farming, poultry and egg production, animal production except cattle and poultry, poultry
processing, fluid milk manufacturing, cheese manufacturing, and ice cream and frozen desert manufacturing, had
total output contributions of $5.93 billion, total value added contributions of $1.62 billion, and total employment
contributions of 27,112 jobs. Sugarcane farming and refined sugar and confections had total output
contributions of $3.08 billion, total value added contributions of $1.11 billion, and total employment
contributions of 11,230 jobs. Fishing and seafood products had total output contributions of $1.54 billion, total
value added contributions of $821 million, and total employment contributions of 12,142 jobs.
26
Figure 5. Total output contributions of agricultural commodity groups in Florida in 2016.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida.
Figure 6. Total employment contributions of agricultural commodity groups in Florida in 2016.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Environmental Horticulture
Fruit & Vegetable Farming & Processing
Forestry & Forest Product Manufacturing
Grain & Oilseed Farming & Processing
Livestock Farming & Animal ProductsManufacturing
Fishing & Seafood Products
Sugarcane Farming, Refined Sugar &Confections
Billion Dollars
Direct Indirect-Induced
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200
Environmental Horticulture
Fruit & Vegetable Farming & Processing
Forestry & Forest Product Manufacturing
Grain & Oilseed Farming & Processing
Livestock Farming & Animal ProductsManufacturing
Fishing & Seafood Products
Sugarcane Farming, Refined Sugar &Confections
Thousand Fulltime & Part-time Jobs
Direct Indirect-Induced
27
Figure 7. Total value added (GSP) contributions of agricultural commodity groups in Florida in 2016.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida.
0 2 4 6 8 10
Environmental Horticulture
Fruit & Vegetable Farming & Processing
Forestry & Forest Product Manufacturing
Grain & Oilseed Farming & Processing
Livestock Farming & Animal ProductsManufacturing
Fishing & Seafood Products
Sugarcane Farming, Refined Sugar &Confections
Billion Dollars
Direct Indirect/Induced
28
Economic Contributions in Florida Regions and Counties
Economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in 2016 were evaluated for all 67
Florida counties and for the nine multi-county economic areas shown in Figure 8, with results summarized in
Tables 2-3, and Figures 9–13. Total value added and employment contributions were highest in the Miami-Ft.
Lauderdale region ($46.16 billion; 738,214 jobs), followed by Orlando ($33.83 billion; 581,828 jobs), Tampa-St.
Petersburg ($19.41 billion; 316,692 jobs), Sarasota-Bradenton ($13.45 billion; 244,329 jobs), Jacksonville
($12.13 billion; 177,935 jobs), Pensacola ($4.23 billion; 81,615 jobs), Gainesville ($2.99 billion; 63,101 jobs),
Tallahassee ($3.11 billion; 54,913 jobs), and Panama City ($1.91 billion; 35,646 jobs), as shown in Figures 9-10.
Among individual Florida counties, the nine largest in terms of total employment and value added contributions
in 2016 were Miami-Dade (274,488 jobs; $18.00 billion), Orange (199,152 jobs; $12.89 billion), Broward
(186,187 jobs; $11.50 billion), Palm Beach (174,025 jobs; $10.80 billion), Hillsborough (170,030 jobs; $11.76
billion), Duval (116,057 jobs; $8.53 billion), Polk (82,077 jobs; $6.120 billion), Pinellas (98,210 jobs; $5.39
billion), and Lee (81,177 jobs; $4.26 billion), as shown in Table 2. Twenty additional counties had total value
added contributions exceeding $1 billion in 2016, including Collier ($3.10 billion), Seminole ($2.89 billion),
Manatee ($2.65 billion), Brevard ($2.55 billion),Volusia ($2.46 billion), Sarasota ($2.43 billion), Escambia
($1.72 billion), Pasco ($1.68 billion), Marion ($1.66 billion), Lake ($1.56 billion), Alachua ($1.49 billion), Leon
($1.46 billion), St. Johns ($1.43 billion), Osceola ($1.39 billion), Bay ($1.36 billion), St. Lucie ($1.31 billion),
Okaloosa ($1.21 billion), Martin ($1.20 billion), Indian River ($1.13 billion) and Monroe ($1.02 billion). In
addition to the top nine counties listed above, 30 counties had total employment contributions of 10,000 jobs or
greater. Employment contributions by industry group in regions and counties are shown in Table 3.
Thematic maps of the total employment and value added contributions in Florida counties are shown in Figures
12 and 13, respectively. Note that although the economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food
industries may be smaller in absolute terms in rural counties in the northern part of the state and interior of the
Florida peninsula, these contributions are more important in relative terms because these industries represent a
higher share of total economic activity.
Additional detailed information on economic contributions of specific industries in individual Florida counties is
provided in Appendix B.
29
Figure 8. Map of Florida economic regions.
Adapted from U.S. Commerce Department, Bureau of Economic Analysis (Johnson and Kort 2004).
30
Figure 9. Total employment contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida
regions in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida counties.
Figure 10. Total value added (GSP) contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida
regions in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida counties.
0 200 400 600 800
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Miami-Fort Lauderdale
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg
Thousand Fulltime and Part-time Jobs
Crop, Livestock, Forestry &Fisheries Production
Agricultural Inputs & Services
Food & Kindred ProductsManufacturing
Forest Products Manufacturing
Food & Kindred ProductsDistribution
Mining
Nature-based Recreation
0 10 20 30 40 50
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Miami-Fort Lauderdale
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg
Billion Dollars
Crop, Livestock, Forestry &Fisheries Production
Agricultural Inputs & Services
Food & Kindred ProductsManufacturing
Forest Products Manufacturing
Food & Kindred ProductsDistribution
Mining
Nature-based Recreation
31
Figure 11. Total output contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida regions in
2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida counties.
0 20 40 60 80 100
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Miami-Fort Lauderdale
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg
Billion Dollars
Crop, Livestock, Forestry &Fisheries Production
Agricultural Inputs & Services
Food & Kindred ProductsManufacturing
Forest Products Manufacturing
Food & Kindred ProductsDistribution
Mining
Nature-based Recreation
32
Figure 12. Map of total employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in
Florida counties in 2016. Estimates represent full-time and part-time jobs, and include regional multiplier effects.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida counties and ArcGIS software.
100,001 – 275,000
50,001 – 100,000
25,001 – 50,000
10,001 – 25,000
750 – 10,000
Legend
tl_2016_us_county selection
Emp_Impact
782.000000 - 11623.000000
11623.000001 - 29251.000000
29251.000001 - 54092.000000
54092.000001 - 116057.000000
116057.000001 - 274488.000000
33
Figure 13. Map of total value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in
Florida counties in 2016. Values are expressed in millions of dollars, and include regional multiplier effects.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida counties and ArcGIS software.
10,001 – 20,000
5,001 – 10,000
2,001 – 5,000
1,001 – 2,000
50 – 1,000
Legend
tl_2016_us_county selection
Emp_Impact
782.000000 - 11623.000000
11623.000001 - 29251.000000
29251.000001 - 54092.000000
54092.000001 - 116057.000000
116057.000001 - 274488.000000
34
Table 2. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida
regions and counties in 2016. Regions and counties are sorted in descending order by direct employment.
Region-County
Employment (Full-time
& Part-time Jobs) Industry Output (M$) Value
Added Contrib.
(M$)
Labor
Income Contrib.
(M$)
Other
Property Income
Contrib.
(M$)
Production
and Imports Tax
Contrib.
(M$) Direct Contrib. Direct Contrib.
Miami-Fort Lauderdale 539,482 738,214 52,363 84,739 46,161 23,144 14,049 4,323
Miami-Dade 197,134 274,488 20,232 32,665 18,003 6,869 5,575 1,797
Broward 135,651 186,187 12,453 20,599 11,501 6,473 3,508 1,169
Palm Beach 127,881 174,025 12,433 20,115 10,795 5,815 3,432 907
Martin 17,861 23,460 1,440 2,330 1,204 756 320 109
St. Lucie 17,664 23,859 1,710 2,689 1,307 1,048 424 117
Indian River 16,362 20,952 1,246 2,025 1,125 726 339 83
Monroe 13,334 17,178 1,064 1,722 1,016 557 314 80
Hendry 7,875 10,136 855 1,292 648 559 -37 30
Okeechobee 4,395 6,071 772 1,065 446 255 156 27
Glades 1,326 1,857 158 237 116 87 18 5
Orlando 428,153 581,828 42,728 67,229 33,833 22,430 11,218 3,070
Orange 147,864 199,152 14,342 23,000 12,885 7,302 4,465 1,121
Polk 53,393 82,077 10,260 14,946 6,117 3,979 2,366 495
Seminole 40,486 54,092 3,491 5,666 2,886 1,820 882 285
Brevard 38,618 51,192 2,894 4,787 2,546 1,608 761 269
Volusia 37,680 49,902 2,859 4,694 2,464 1,491 741 250
Marion 25,579 33,740 2,014 3,225 1,661 2,017 587 150
Lake 24,542 32,901 2,099 3,325 1,561 1,987 469 144
Osceola 22,075 29,251 1,741 2,816 1,385 863 354 152
Highlands 9,147 11,623 710 1,104 559 292 81 40
Sumter 8,462 11,122 682 1,074 501 319 133 47
Flagler 7,802 10,069 532 871 447 257 140 45
Citrus 7,760 10,239 556 908 466 259 164 48
Hardee 4,745 6,468 546 813 357 234 75 23
Tampa-St. Petersburg 229,051 316,692 23,859 37,739 19,411 11,525 6,455 1,897
Hillsborough 119,278 170,030 15,142 23,391 11,760 7,040 4,201 1,089
Pinellas 73,313 98,210 5,956 9,860 5,388 3,241 1,605 554
Pasco 26,309 35,118 2,018 3,298 1,676 904 454 184
Hernando 10,151 13,335 743 1,190 586 340 195 70
Sarasota-Bradenton 185,419 244,329 14,778 24,219 13,445 9,711 3,656 1,151
Lee 62,205 81,177 4,498 7,479 4,263 3,490 1,227 384
Collier 40,022 52,419 3,189 5,316 3,102 1,821 777 235
Sarasota 34,496 45,439 2,576 4,304 2,427 1,136 687 231
Manatee 33,263 45,330 3,346 5,241 2,652 2,020 738 214
Charlotte 11,272 14,722 784 1,302 698 1,043 137 71
De-Soto 4,160 5,242 384 578 304 202 90 16
Jacksonville 125,180 177,935 15,648 23,982 12,134 5,282 4,611 1,201
Duval 80,434 116,057 11,012 16,738 8,529 3,463 3,371 874
St. Johns 19,064 25,504 1,592 2,618 1,428 866 432 133
Clay 12,636 17,075 888 1,463 712 -343 217 103
35
Region-County
Employment (Full-time
& Part-time Jobs) Industry Output (M$) Value
Added
Contrib. (M$)
Labor
Income
Contrib. (M$)
Other
Property
Income Contrib.
(M$)
Production
and Imports
Tax Contrib.
(M$) Direct Contrib. Direct Contrib.
Nassau 6,729 9,848 907 1,418 660 136 217 49
Putnam 5,045 7,792 1,170 1,617 740 1,113 372 35
Baker 1,272 1,660 79 128 64 47 2 7
Pensacola 62,003 81,615 4,795 7,838 4,234 2,912 1,309 416
Escambia 24,281 32,546 2,013 3,276 1,715 2,460 547 181
Okaloosa 19,440 25,174 1,330 2,211 1,213 643 366 121
Santa Rosa 9,977 13,158 807 1,300 721 103 260 65
Walton 8,304 10,736 645 1,051 586 -294 136 49
Gainesville 47,691 63,101 4,382 6,704 2,989 1,898 678 277
Alachua 27,317 35,214 1,849 2,998 1,489 882 448 161
Columbia 5,517 7,324 496 762 346 248 28 34
Suwannee 5,292 7,539 970 1,354 467 360 58 27
Levy 3,530 4,487 258 404 211 152 37 16
Bradford 2,040 2,911 267 394 173 79 77 17
Gilchrist 1,486 1,958 149 218 90 84 -18 6
Dixie 1,217 1,764 160 242 102 71 24 7
Union 781 1,121 112 161 56 34 21 4
Lafayette 511 782 122 171 56 -12 3 4
Tallahassee 39,057 54,913 4,606 6,994 3,111 2,749 1,004 277
Leon 24,761 32,275 1,634 2,727 1,461 522 439 166
Gadsden 3,649 5,195 368 576 292 1,478 55 23
Taylor 2,685 5,180 912 1,328 521 301 192 26
Wakulla 1,694 2,190 102 165 78 44 28 9
Madison 1,646 2,394 267 384 136 88 35 10
Hamilton 1,432 3,276 934 1,246 375 159 190 27
Jefferson 1,324 1,695 98 144 74 53 6 5
Franklin 1,173 1,575 110 171 76 48 19 7
Liberty 693 1,132 180 253 100 56 41 5
Panama City 26,664 35,646 2,353 3,754 1,908 1,164 643 177
Bay 18,024 24,230 1,587 2,572 1,358 996 412 128
Jackson 3,782 5,085 402 619 296 176 121 21
Washington 1,611 2,140 126 198 87 -17 32 9
Holmes 1,421 1,777 85 130 34 97 22 6
Gulf 923 1,200 90 134 85 -4 41 6
Calhoun 903 1,215 64 101 47 -85 14 6
Total All Regions 1,682,699 2,294,272 165,512 263,197 137,226 80,815 43,624 12,788
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida counties.
36
Table 3. Employment contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in Florida regions
and counties in 2016.
Region-County
Crop,
Livestock,
Forestry &
Fisheries
Production
Agricultural
Inputs &
Services
Food &
Kindred
Products
Manufacturing
Forest
Products
Manufacturing
Food &
Kindred
Products
Distribution
Mining
Nature-
based
Recreation
Total All
Groups
Gainesville 14,188 5,193 4,133 2,649 34,005 2,694 238 63,101
Alachua 5,085 2,962 916 761 23,339 2,008 144 35,214
Bradford 611 253 211 148 1,358 325 6 2,911
Columbia 1,400 481 305 294 4,618 189 37 7,324
Dixie 498 110 13 664 458 16 4 1,764
Gilchrist 1,224 198 82 4 430 13 8 1,958
Lafayette 467 130 9 13 148 11 4 782
Levy 2,106 285 119 77 1,793 76 31 4,487
Suwannee 2,360 631 2,440 388 1,671 44 4 7,539
Union 437 142 38 300 191 13 0 1,121
Jacksonville 5,633 15,901 14,495 9,672 127,862 2,021 2,351 177,935
Baker 392 200 75 4 976 13 0 1,660
Clay 908 2,294 251 32 12,895 497 197 17,075
Duval 938 9,109 13,252 4,309 86,436 920 1,093 116,057
Nassau 1,165 906 107 2,186 5,110 147 227 9,848
Putnam 1,208 642 306 2,358 3,116 132 30 7,792
St. Johns 1,022 2,750 504 783 19,329 312 803 25,504
Miami-Fort Lauderdale 54,576 75,805 41,787 7,985 537,715 7,916 12,430 738,214
Broward 1,721 19,038 9,280 1,169 151,479 1,065 2,435 186,187
Glades 1,535 183 8 3 114 13 1 1,857
Hendry 7,380 224 757 3 1,724 33 14 10,136
Indian River 5,807 2,791 579 64 10,357 567 787 20,952
Martin 3,082 3,312 891 235 13,978 1,142 820 23,460
Miami-Dade 13,272 21,827 17,451 4,271 213,909 1,664 2,095 274,488
Monroe 1,105 1,449 748 11 13,099 260 506 17,178
Okeechobee 2,360 653 546 20 2,265 189 37 6,071
Palm Beach 15,320 23,120 9,680 1,258 116,550 2,778 5,320 174,025
St. Lucie 2,994 3,209 1,847 950 14,241 204 416 23,859
Orlando 43,853 68,104 34,145 10,490 403,301 13,769 8,165 581,828
Brevard 999 5,904 1,545 233 41,045 393 1,072 51,192
Citrus 913 1,552 209 145 6,786 326 307 10,239
Flagler 777 2,278 166 88 5,818 761 182 10,069
Hardee 4,222 460 174 109 830 650 25 6,468
Highlands 5,172 1,401 158 83 4,586 22 201 11,623
Lake 4,008 4,964 2,719 211 19,589 441 970 32,901
Marion 6,600 4,033 1,577 699 19,601 459 772 33,740
Orange 3,506 16,065 10,810 1,418 164,403 793 2,156 199,152
Osceola 653 3,680 1,266 470 22,524 187 471 29,251
Polk 10,924 13,834 11,468 4,750 36,933 3,594 575 82,077
Seminole 1,691 6,914 1,907 1,527 36,208 5,384 462 54,092
Sumter 1,718 1,214 384 288 7,048 266 202 11,122
Volusia 2,670 5,806 1,763 469 37,930 493 770 49,902
37
Region-County
Crop,
Livestock,
Forestry &
Fisheries
Production
Agricultural
Inputs &
Services
Food &
Kindred
Products
Manufacturing
Forest
Products
Manufacturing
Food &
Kindred
Products
Distribution
Mining
Nature-
based
Recreation
Total All
Groups
Panama City 4,411 2,376 708 2,403 24,668 512 567 35,646
Bay 711 1,751 401 1,434 19,191 222 521 24,230
Calhoun 476 95 19 36 557 32 0 1,215
Gulf 170 46 27 34 894 13 17 1,200
Holmes 849 124 17 10 729 36 12 1,777
Jackson 1,464 261 159 792 2,244 158 8 5,085
Washington 742 100 86 96 1,054 53 10 2,140
Pensacola 3,883 7,489 1,479 1,768 64,709 1,380 908 81,615
Escambia 1,188 2,567 453 1,227 26,441 406 263 32,546
Okaloosa 760 2,160 405 67 21,049 265 468 25,174
Santa Rosa 1,178 1,647 370 311 9,041 507 105 13,158
Walton 757 1,115 251 163 8,178 202 71 10,736
Sarasota-Bradenton 24,757 33,221 7,218 2,060 163,637 5,067 8,370 244,329
Charlotte 1,158 1,647 305 175 10,880 203 354 14,722
Collier 5,904 7,931 548 237 32,975 1,849 2,976 52,419
De-Soto 3,268 418 353 13 1,148 9 32 5,242
Lee 7,153 10,652 1,718 649 56,730 1,630 2,644 81,177
Manatee 6,549 5,708 3,548 595 27,712 427 791 45,330
Sarasota 724 6,865 747 391 34,191 949 1,572 45,439
Tallahassee 6,977 6,989 1,760 4,484 33,710 681 311 54,913
Franklin 146 114 270 3 1,001 16 25 1,575
Gadsden 1,868 662 76 658 1,580 315 37 5,195
Hamilton 923 1,973 32 3 330 10 5 3,276
Jefferson 978 245 28 9 397 19 19 1,695
Leon 654 3,104 517 56 27,518 255 171 32,275
Liberty 262 7 8 675 180 0 0 1,132
Madison 1,020 118 493 110 642 11 1 2,394
Taylor 794 208 241 2,967 913 38 19 5,180
Wakulla 332 559 95 3 1,150 18 34 2,190
Tampa-St. Petersburg 18,292 35,554 19,039 4,059 233,236 2,872 3,639 316,692
Hernando 981 1,620 480 66 9,830 147 211 13,335
Hillsborough 14,330 19,812 13,416 2,614 116,799 1,643 1,416 170,030
Pasco 2,180 4,984 1,645 100 25,406 294 509 35,118
Pinellas 801 9,138 3,498 1,279 81,202 788 1,504 98,210
Total All Regions 128,864 175,070 89,173 33,343 1,154,865 21,794 27,937 1,630,861
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida counties.
38
Share of Florida Gross Domestic Product and Employment
The relative importance of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida can be gauged by their
share of overall economic activity in the state, regions, and counties. Among 17 major industry groups,
agriculture, natural resources, and food industries were ranked first in Florida in terms of direct employment, and
were second only to the real estate and rental sector in terms of direct value added or Gross State Product (GSP)
in 2016 (Table 4). Direct employment in agriculture, natural resources, and food industries (1.68 million jobs)
represented 14.6 percent of total employment in the state (11.56 million jobs), and total employment
contributions of the industry (2.29 million jobs) represented 19.9 percent of all Florida jobs. The GSP of
agriculture, natural resources, and food industries ($81.83 billion) represented 8.8 percent of GSP ($935.08
billion), and the total value added contributions of the industry, including regional multiplier effects ($137.23
billion), represented 14.7 percent of GSP. Excluding the Food and kindred products distribution industry group,
total contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries represented 4.7 percent of GSP and 5.8
percent of state employment.
The share of total employment and value added contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food
industries in Florida counties in 2016 are presented in Table 5. Total employment contributions represented over
20 percent of total workforce employment in 54 of 67 counties and total value added contributions represented
over 20 percent of gross regional product (GRP) in 30 counties. The nine counties with the highest share of total
employment contributions were Hamilton (74.7%), Glades (66.2%), Taylor (60.9%), Hendry (59.6%), Hardee
(59.5%), Suwannee (47.2%), Liberty (43.4%), Desoto (42.5%) and Dixie (42.2%).
39
Table 4. Direct employment, output and value added (GSP) in the state of Florida in 2016.
Modified NAICS Industry Employment
(Jobs)
Percent of
Employment
Output
(M$)
Percent
of
Output
Value
Added
(M$)
Percent of
Value
Added
Agriculture, Natural Resources, Food 1,682,737 14.6% 165,526 10.2% 81,834 8.8%
Health Care and Social Services 1,269,196 11.0% 133,093 8.2% 82,371 8.8%
Retail Trade 1,012,639 8.8% 87,550 5.4% 56,050 6.0%
Professional and Technical Services 847,671 7.3% 119,462 7.3% 74,783 8.0%
Other Services 839,170 7.3% 49,801 3.1% 33,438 3.6%
Administrative and Waste Services 793,125 6.9% 57,956 3.6% 36,459 3.9%
Government and non-NAICS 705,461 6.1% 87,532 5.4% 76,191 8.1%
Real Estate and Rentals 689,801 6.0% 213,788 13.1% 138,578 14.8%
Construction 671,197 5.8% 102,838 6.3% 48,852 5.2%
Education 648,296 5.6% 43,611 2.7% 39,573 4.2%
Finance and Insurance 644,041 5.6% 133,499 8.2% 59,190 6.3%
Transportation 377,812 3.3% 69,420 4.3% 32,149 3.4%
Manufacturing 310,854 2.7% 111,053 6.8% 35,580 3.8%
Wholesale trade 310,638 2.7% 72,602 4.5% 47,551 5.1%
Arts, Entertainment and Recreation 293,170 2.5% 24,815 1.5% 14,726 1.6%
Information and Communications 180,045 1.6% 83,062 5.1% 37,328 4.0%
Accommodation Services 134,998 1.2% 14,933 0.9% 9,338 1.0%
Management of Companies 120,345 1.0% 26,615 1.6% 15,262 1.6%
Utilities 25,052 0.2% 32,465 2.0% 15,826 1.7%
Total 11,556,248 100% 1,629,620 100% 935,077 100%
Some industries were reclassified from the original NAICS classification to put in the agriculture, natural resources and food
industry group. Industries are rank ordered in terms of employment.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida.
40
Figure 14. Map of total employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries as a
share of total workforce employment in Florida counties in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida counties and ArcGIS software.
50.1% – 75%
35.1% – 50%
25.1% – 35%
20.1% – 25%
15% - 20%
Legend
tl_2016_us_county selection
Emp_Impact
782.000000 - 11623.000000
11623.000001 - 29251.000000
29251.000001 - 54092.000000
54092.000001 - 116057.000000
116057.000001 - 274488.000000
41
Figure 15. Map of total value added contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries as a
share of Gross Domestic Product in Florida counties in 2016. Estimates include regional multiplier effects.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida counties and ArcGIS software.
50.1% – 90%
35.1% – 50%
25.1% – 35%
20.1% – 25%
10% - 20%
Legend
tl_2016_us_county selection
Emp_Impact
782.000000 - 11623.000000
11623.000001 - 29251.000000
29251.000001 - 54092.000000
54092.000001 - 116057.000000
116057.000001 - 274488.000000
42
Table 5. Florida county total employment and value added (GRP) and share contributed by agriculture, natural
resources, and food industries in 2016.
County
Total County
Employment
(Jobs)
Total County
Value
Added (M$)
Ag-Food Industry
Employment
Contribution
(Jobs)
Share of
County
Employment
Ag-Food Industry
Value Added
Contribution
(M$)
Share of
County
Value Added
Alachua 171,233 12,576 35,214 20.6% 1,489 11.8%
Baker 9,933 537 1,660 16.7% 64 11.9%
Bay 104,288 8,175 24,230 23.2% 1,358 16.6%
Bradford 8,734 603 2,911 33.3% 173 28.6%
Brevard 282,224 22,451 51,192 18.1% 2,546 11.3%
Broward 1,154,124 95,255 186,187 16.1% 11,501 12.1%
Calhoun 4,289 218 1,215 28.3% 47 21.5%
Charlotte 67,187 4,231 14,722 21.9% 698 16.5%
Citrus 46,132 3,495 10,239 22.2% 466 13.3%
Clay 74,260 4,838 17,075 23.0% 712 14.7%
Collier 214,844 16,714 52,419 24.4% 3,102 18.6%
Columbia 32,952 2,077 7,324 22.2% 346 16.7%
Desoto 12,340 736 5,242 42.5% 304 41.2%
Dixie 4,182 229 1,764 42.2% 102 44.6%
Duval 642,065 60,407 116,057 18.1% 8,529 14.1%
Escambia 179,986 14,989 32,546 18.1% 1,715 11.4%
Flagler 38,414 2,112 10,069 26.2% 447 21.1%
Franklin 5,298 303 1,575 29.7% 76 25.0%
Gadsden 19,085 1,090 5,195 27.2% 292 26.8%
Gilchrist 5,421 288 1,958 36.1% 90 31.1%
Glades 2,805 202 1,857 66.2% 116 57.3%
Gulf 5,809 386 1,200 20.7% 85 22.1%
Hamilton 4,386 423 3,276 74.7% 375 88.6%
Hardee 10,879 713 6,468 59.5% 357 50.0%
Hendry 17,006 986 10,136 59.6% 648 65.7%
Hernando 57,191 3,484 13,335 23.3% 586 16.8%
Highlands 37,695 2,156 11,623 30.8% 559 25.9%
Hillsborough 901,712 89,608 170,030 18.9% 11,760 13.1%
Holmes 6,306 274 1,777 28.2% 34 12.5%
Indian River 80,229 5,474 20,952 26.1% 1,125 20.6%
Jackson 20,554 1,226 5,085 24.7% 296 24.2%
Jefferson 5,353 268 1,695 31.7% 74 27.5%
Lafayette 2,045 130 782 38.2% 56 42.9%
Lake 132,391 8,192 32,901 24.9% 1,561 19.1%
Lee 357,009 26,596 81,177 22.7% 4,263 16.0%
Leon 195,682 14,555 32,275 16.5% 1,461 10.0%
Levy 14,258 742 4,487 31.5% 211 28.4%
Liberty 2,608 171 1,132 43.4% 100 58.4%
Madison 6,503 384 2,394 36.8% 136 35.3%
Manatee 172,751 12,569 45,330 26.2% 2,652 21.1%
Marion 139,925 8,831 33,740 24.1% 1,661 18.8%
Martin 96,805 6,613 23,460 24.2% 1,204 18.2%
43
County
Total
County
Employment (Jobs)
Total
County
Value Added (M$)
Ag-Food
Industry
Employment Contribution
(Jobs)
Share of
County Employment
Ag-Food
Industry
Value Added Contribution
(M$)
Share of
County Value Added
Miami-Dade 1,717,441 145,876 274,488 16.0% 18,003 12.3%
Monroe 63,339 4,469 17,178 27.1% 1,016 22.7%
Nassau 31,162 2,139 9,848 31.6% 660 30.9%
Okaloosa 128,178 11,729 25,174 19.6% 1,213 10.3%
Okeechobee 16,022 1,044 6,071 37.9% 446 42.7%
Orange 1,027,446 87,796 199,152 19.4% 12,885 14.7%
Osceola 127,915 8,365 29,251 22.9% 1,385 16.6%
Palm Beach 907,792 76,670 174,025 19.2% 10,795 14.1%
Pasco 167,838 10,890 35,118 20.9% 1,676 15.4%
Pinellas 565,131 46,467 98,210 17.4% 5,388 11.6%
Polk 284,083 21,560 82,077 28.9% 6,117 28.4%
Putnam 24,068 1,901 7,792 32.4% 740 38.9%
Santa Rosa 58,109 4,125 13,158 22.6% 721 17.5%
Sarasota 243,383 17,722 45,439 18.7% 2,427 13.7%
Seminole 259,823 20,036 54,092 20.8% 2,886 14.4%
St. Johns 112,120 7,492 25,504 22.7% 1,428 19.1%
St. Lucie 112,396 7,517 23,859 21.2% 1,307 17.4%
Sumter 41,098 2,804 11,122 27.1% 501 17.9%
Suwannee 15,979 996 7,539 47.2% 467 46.9%
Taylor 8,512 675 5,180 60.9% 521 77.2%
Union 5,036 308 1,121 22.3% 56 18.3%
Volusia 236,096 15,556 49,902 21.1% 2,464 15.8%
Wakulla 9,928 536 2,190 22.1% 78 14.5%
Walton 37,931 2,625 10,736 28.3% 586 22.3%
Washington 8,591 475 2,140 24.9% 87 18.3%
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida counties.
Trends in Economic Contributions over Time
In addition to the current economic contributions made to the state of Florida by agriculture, natural resources,
and food industries in 2016, it is important to understand how these values have changed over time. Trends in the
economic contributions for industry groups and agricultural commodity groups over the ten year period between
2007 and 2016 are shown in Figures 16-22 and Table 6. All monetary values were adjusted for inflation to
express in constant 2016 U.S. dollars. Note that trends may reflect changes in commodity prices, the structure of
Florida’s economy, and the business cycles of the national and global economies, as well as inherent growth and
development in the industry.
Direct industry output (sales revenues) for all agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups increased
by 18 percent over the 2007-16 period, adjusted for inflation, representing an average annual rate of 2.0 percent
(9 years of change). During the last year (2015-16) direct output increased 1.7 percent. Among individual
industry groups, growth in direct output during 2007-16 was highest for Nature-based recreation – golf courses
44
(30.8%), Food and kindred products distribution (29.3%), and Agricultural inputs and services (29.2%), followed
by Food and kindred products manufacturing (11.4%). Decreases were seen for Forest products manufacturing (-
3.8%), Mining (--11.6%), and Crop, livestock, forestry and fisheries production (-18.0%), as shown in Figure 16
and Table 5.
Total employment contributions by the agriculture, natural resources, and food industry increased by 437,000
jobs during 2007-16, representing an increase of 23.5 percent or 2.6 percent annually. Overall growth in
employment contributions was above average for Agricultural inputs and services (39.8%), Nature-based
recreation – golf courses (37.6%), Food & kindred products distribution (28.8%), and Food and kindred product
manufacturing (20.9%), but was below average or negative for mining (5.6%), Forest products manufacturing (-
10.2%) and Crop, livestock, forestry and fisheries production (-12.9%), as shown in Figure 17.
Overall, total value added contributions grew by 23.0 percent or 2.6 percent annually during 2007-16. Among
industry groups, growth in total value added contributions was highest for Agricultural inputs and services
(35.1%) and Food and kindred products distribution (33.0%), followed by Nature-based recreation – Golf
courses (25.3%), and Food and kindred products manufacturing (17.3%), while it decreased for Forest product
manufacturing (-2.0%), Crop, livestock, forestry, fisheries production (-13.4%), and Mining (-38.5%), as shown
in Figure 18.
Among agricultural commodity groups, growth in direct industry output during 2007-16 was highest for grain
and oilseed farming and processing (131%) and fishing and seafood products (51.9%), followed by
environmental horticulture (10.7%), but was negative for livestock farming and animal products manufacturing
(-10.6%), forestry and forest products manufacturing (-13.0%), sugarcane farming and refining (-19.9%), and
fruit and vegetable farming and processing (–23.6%), as shown in Figure 19.
Growth in domestic and international exports of agricultural commodity groups during 2007-16 was led by grain
and oilseed farming and processing (390%) and fishing and seafood products (266%), followed by livestock
farming and animal products manufacturing (54.4%), forestry and forest products manufacturing (15.5%),
environmental horticulture (4.6%), and sugarcane farming and refining (2.8%), while fruit and vegetable farming
and processing declined (-16.2%), as shown in Figure 20. Increased exports represent new final demand to the
Florida economy, bringing in new dollars to be re-spent and support economic development.
In terms of employment contributions, grain and oilseed farming and processing showed the highest growth of
(137%) during 2007 to 2016, followed by environmental horticulture (32.7%), fishing and seafood products
(5.2%), and fruit and vegetable farming and processing (4.3%), however, decreases were seen for sugarcane
farming, and refining (-52.5%), livestock farming and animal products manufacturing (–11.0%), and forestry and
forest products manufacturing (–9.3%), as shown in Figure 21.
For value added contributions, there were large increases during 2007-16 for grain and oilseed farming and
processing (114%) and fishing and seafood products (90.8%), followed by environmental horticulture (15.1 %),
45
but declines were seen for fruit and vegetable farming and processing (-23.8%), forestry and forest product
manufacturing (-11.8%), livestock farming and animal products manufacturing (-8.0%) and sugarcane farming
and refining (–3.9%), as shown in Figure 22.
Trends over 2007-16 in direct employment and output by individual industry sectors are shown in Appendix A.
Individual industries within the Crop, livestock, forestry, and fisheries production group with large increases in
direct output were tree nut farming (710%), oilseed farming (344%), commercial fishing (186%), grain farming
(135%), cotton farming (68%), and support activities for agriculture and forestry (30%), however, cotton, grain,
tree nuts, and oilseed farming were relatively small sectors. Agricultural input and support industry sectors with
large growth were lawn and garden equipment manufacturing (1304%), farm machinery and equipment
manufacturing (163%), and pest control services (40%), though again farm machinery and lawn/garden
equipment were quite small sectors. Mining industry sectors with high growth were mining coal ($139 million
output in 2016 compared to zero in 2007), mining copper, nickel, lead, and zinc (183%), mining and quarrying
other nonmetallic minerals (174%), mining and quarrying sand, gravel, clay, and ceramic and refractory minerals
(47%), and drilling oil gas wells (39%). Food and kindred product manufacturing industry sectors with large
growth were tortilla manufacturing (415%), fats and oils refining and blending (219%), all other food
manufacturing (165%), frozen food manufacturing (126%), chocolate and confectionery manufacturing from
cacao beans (98%), and wineries (85%). Forest product manufacturing industry sectors with large growth were
all other miscellaneous wood product manufacturing (116%), reconstituted wood products (82%), wood
container and pallet manufacturing (55%), and sanitary paper product manufacturing (21%). Food and kindred
product distribution industry sectors with large growth were wholesale trade in food and kindred products (41%)
and food services and drinking places (32%). Sectors with large decreases in output were tobacco farming (–
92%), mining gold, silver, and other metal ore (-90%), commercial hunting and trapping (-79%), and forestry,
forest products, and timber tract production (-77%).
While direct output in the agriculture, natural resources, and food industries collectively increased by 18 percent
during 2007-16, some other major industry groups in the state had higher growth in direct output during this
period, including utilities (100%), professional and technical services (106%), travel, entertainment and
recreation (68%), government (65%), finance and insurance (64%), and wholesale trade (52%).
46
Table 6. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in
Florida, 2007 – 2016.
Direct
Employment
(jobs)
Direct
Output (M$)
Foreign and
Domestic
Exports
(M$)
Total Employment
Contributions
(jobs)
Total Output
Contributions
(M$)
Total Value Added
Contributions
(M$)
2007 1,332,546 140,227 33,747 1,857,220 221,686 111,312
2008 1,350,829 147,349 36,283 1,883,652 230,105 115,224
2009 1,272,130 139,347 37,396 1,808,688 219,848 115,097
2010 1,292,201 129,265 34,098 1,814,625 204,281 111,297
2011 1,348,625 135,212 34,417 1,868,567 212,427 110,836
2012 1,409,708 145,665 39,745 1,935,444 223,396 118,354
2013 1,510,591 152,305 46,150 2,074,723 235,284 122,964
2014 1,565,147 158,851 49,246 2,134,322 246,535 126,682
2015 1,616,016 162,719 47,986 2,203,781 256,068 131,562
2016 1,682,699 165,512 47,702 2,294,272 263,197 137,226
Change 2007-16 350,154 25,285 13,955 437,052 41,511 25,914
Percent change 2007-16
26% 18% 41% 24% 19% 23%
Average Annual Growth 2007-16
3% 2% 5% 3% 2% 3%
Percent change
2015-16 4% 2% -1% 4% 3% 4%
Employment represents full-time and part-time jobs. Monetary values are given in millions of dollars. Total contribution estimates include
regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN© model and state/county data for Florida (IMPLAN Group LLC) and authors’ calculations.
47
Figure 16. Trends in direct industry output by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups in Florida,
2007-16. Values are expressed in 2016 dollars.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida.
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95B
illio
n D
olla
rs
Food & Kindred ProductsDistribution
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Food & Kindred ProductsManufacturing
Agricultural Inputs &Services
Crop, Livestock, Forestry& Fisheries Production
Forest ProductsManufacturing
Mining
Nature-based Recreation
48
Figure 17. Trends in total employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups
in Florida, 2007-16. Estimates include regional multiplier effects.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida.
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Agricultural Inputs &Services
Crop, Livestock, Forestry& Fisheries Production
Food & Kindred ProductsManufacturing
Forest ProductsManufacturing
Mining
Nature-based Recreation
1,000,000
1,100,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,400,000
1,500,000
1,600,000
1,700,000Fu
lltim
e an
d P
art-
tim
e Jo
bs
Food & Kindred ProductsDistribution
49
Figure 18. Trends in total value added (GSP) contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry
groups in Florida, 2007-16. Values are expressed in 2016 dollars. Estimates include regional multiplier effects.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida.
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95B
illio
n D
olla
rs
Food & Kindred ProductsDistribution
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Agricultural Inputs &Services
Food & Kindred ProductsManufacturing
Crop, Livestock, Forestry& Fisheries Production
Forest ProductsManufacturing
Mining
Nature-based Recreation
50
Figure 19. Trends in direct output by agricultural commodity groups in Florida, 2007-16. Values are expressed
in 2016 dollars. Estimates include regional multiplier effects.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida.
Figure 20. Trends in international and domestic exports by agricultural commodity group in Florida, 2007-2016.
Values are expressed in 2016 dollars. Estimates include regional multiplier effects.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Bill
ion
Do
llars
Forestry & Forest ProductManufacturing
Environmental Horticulture
Fruit & Vegetable Farming &Processing
Livestock Farming & AnimalProducts Manufacturing
Grain & Oilseed Farming &Processing
Sugarcane Farming, RefinedSugar & Confections
Fishing & Seafood Products
0
1
2
3
4
5
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Bill
ion
Do
lars
Forestry & Forest ProductManufacturing
Fruit & Vegetable Farming &Processing
Environmental Horticulture
Grain & Oilseed Farming &Processing
Sugarcane Farming, RefinedSugar & Confections
Livestock Farming & AnimalProducts Manufacturing
Fishing & Seafood Products
51
Figure 21. Trends in total employment contributions by agricultural commodity group in Florida, 2007-2016.
Estimates include regional multiplier effects.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida.
Figure 22. Trends in total value added contributions by agricultural commodity group in Florida, 2007-16.
Values are expressed in 2016 dollars. Estimates include regional multiplier effects.
Source: IMPLAN© data for Florida.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Tho
usa
nd
Fu
ttlim
e an
d P
art-
tim
e Jo
bs
Environmental Horticulture
Fruit & Vegetable Farming &Processing
Forestry & Forest ProductManufacturing
Grain & Oilseed Farming &Processing
Livestock Farming & AnimalProducts Manufacturing
Sugarcane Farming, RefinedSugar & Confections
Fishing & Seafood Products
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Bill
ion
Do
llars
Environmental Horticulture
Forestry & Forest ProductManufacturing
Fruit & Vegetable Farming &Processing
Grain & Oilseed Farming &Processing
Livestock Farming & AnimalProducts Manufacturing
Sugarcane Farming, RefinedSugar & Confections
Fishing & Seafood Products
52
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