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J. FOR. SCI., 57, 2011 (12): 565573 565
JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE, 57, 2011 (12): 565573
T I -
1959. T
-
H 10,000
2009. B,
11 1 (Parsakhoo . 2008).
P -
B N. 131
148, P B O-
I (PBOI). A
I F S, x
- 50%. O, -
H ,
q
. I ,
q
D Cx. N, -x-
x
, , x
(Parsakhoo, Lotalian 2009).
H - -
(Sedlak 1996; Winkler 1998). M -
(, , ,
), ( ,
, , ,
)
x-
(Mitin . 1975; urnbull
. 1992). T
150 3,500
1.5 80 (Vasilev,
Goncharov 1997).Filipsson Eriksson (1989)
q 11.3 1
4.2 H 121 LC x
S . O -
2.42
5.69 1,
. M, -
x
10 17 USD 1 (IUFRO
1995). I ,
Ecmc dulc mm t d
ctuct mutu
A. Parsakhoo1, S. A. Hosseini1, M. R. Ghaffariyan2
1Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sar i Agr icultural Sciences and Natural
Resources University, Sar i, Iran2Research Fellow, Harvesting and Operations, CRC Forestr y, University of Tasmania, Australia
ABSTRACT:
PC 220 K x,
H I. A .
, q . - -
. 5.5 31 5.07 31.
7.7 3. F
.
Kwd: ; ; ; ;
-
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566 J. FOR. SCI., 57, 2011 (12): 565573
0.15 USD1
1.80 USD1 (FAO 1992).
W , f -
x (Voitsekhovskaya
1985). H x-
q x
(Sessions 2007),
I. S, -
x.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Stud
L F 71
H I (F. 1). T 3615'45"N,
5310'40"E, 1,000 . T
-
635 . T
, x
. F
Fagus orientalis L
Carex sylvatica, Buxus hyrcanus, Brachypodium
sylvaticum, Ruscus hyrcanu, Phyllitis scolopen-
drium Polypodium auidinum ( 1).
F. 1. L L F
1. -
38
G (%) 90110
L () 510
S () 2530
C- () 2.54.0
C- () 2.53.0
C- () 8085
R () 4.04.6
F- () 2550
F- () 1.01.5
W
H I
C S
L F
C 38
A F
E ...
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J. FOR. SCI., 57, 2011 (12): 565573 567
Rd ctuct tud
F. 2
K x. M, -
F. 3.
A ,
-
(F. 4).
Dt cllct
A
PC 220 K-
x 38 L
F ( 2). A
. T -
M .
T -
. T -
. B, -
, ,
(Bjrheden 1991). C -
FAO.
T
PC 220 K x
F. 4. S
F. 2. H PC 220 K
x
F. 3. R
2. PC
220 K x
W x () 24
A x () 2
E x
K SAA6D107E-1 3
E x ()
134
S x(1)
3.15.5
D ()
13.5
D ()
55
L () 175
O x () 5
B () 7
B (1) 17,500
A (1) 13,200
() 60
() 420
G (%) 70
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568 J. FOR. SCI., 57, 2011 (12): 565573
. F -
, -
2 . T
-
.
, q
(Abeli 1993):
Vi, i+l
= 0.5(Ai+A
i+1)L
i, i+l(1)
:
Vi, i+1
i
i +1 (3),
Ai,A
i+1 i - i +1
(2),
Li, i+1
i
i+1 () (F. 5).
A (1)
-
x . M-
,
.
RESULTS
F , 49%
--
51% .
A f Bjrheden (1991),
43%. T
30%. D -
F. 6.
I 2.5 , -
5.57 31
2.13 31
. M, -
F. 5. S
-
F. 6. S
P (14%)
S (1%)R
(14%)
M (14%)
M
(14%)
O
(14%)
P (6%)
P
L
S
S
Fill-slope
width
Cut-slope
width
RoadwidthNatural
ground
Fill-slope
Lij+1
Cut-slope
F. 7. P
C- ()
2.5 3 3.5 4
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Productivity(m3.h1)
R Ex
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J. FOR. SCI., 57, 2011 (12): 565573 569
(F. 9) - (F. 10). H-
, f
P
. T 0.93.
T -
. T
( -
) f SPSS 17 (F. 11).
P (/) = 7.959 ( ()
- ()) + 25.736
n = 16,R2= 0.93
R2 0.93 93% -
x
. ANOVA
( 3)
95%. ( 4) -
.
F -
. T
16.95 ( 5). T
F. 8. W
F. 10. P
-
F. 9. P
C ()
2.5 3 3.5 4
8
7
6
5
4
3
21
0Workv
olume(m3.m)
R Ex
, -
- 3 , 3.5
4 6.18 31, 5.11
31 5.24 31, (F. 7).T
4 7 31. T
2.5 , 3 3.5 3.19 31, 4.96 31
5.12 31, (F. 8).
I
x
y = 33.46ln(x) + 53.472
R = 0.7812
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
3.90 4.00 4.10 4.20 4.30 4.40 4.50 4.60 4.70
Productivity(mday1)
Road width mR ()
3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Productivity(m.day1)
y = 33.46(x) + 53.472R2 = 0.7812
y = 49.076x-2.014
R= 0.9866
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
2.2 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2
Productivity(mday1)
Cut-slope height (m)
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Productivity(m.day1)
y = 49.07x 2.014R2 = 0.9866
2.2 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2
C- ()
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570 J. FOR. SCI., 57, 2011 (12): 565573
x
-
6.
M f
x (Balcom
1988). I , -
4.1 EUR. -
42.5 EUR. T
7.7 EUR3. Fx
, , ,
x . T fx
40% , 12%. T 3%,
27%. T
18% (F. 12).
DISCUSSION
P
D6, D4
0.712 EUR3, 1.150 EUR3 1.110 EUR
3, (Abeli 1993). B, C-
0.672 EUR3, 0.642 EUR3 1.387 EUR3
D8 C , 235
, (Nagy 1978).
T 7.7 EUR3 .
y = 7.959ln(x) + 25.736R = 0.9324
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
9 11 13 15 17 19
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Productivity(m.day1)
y = 7.959(x) + 25.736R2 = 0.9324
9 11 13 15 17 19
R . -
F. 11. P
3. ANOVA
S q D M q F Sf
R 33.24 1 33.24 193.121 < 0.0001
R 2.41 14 0.172
35.65 15
4. C
U S B
t SfB S.
L ( ) 7.959 0.573 0.966 13.897 < 0.0001
C 25.736 1.505 17.104 < 0.0001
5. F
P(31)
P(1)
F (1)
F (1)
F (3)
F (EUR1)
5.52 1.18 20 16.95 3.62 0.25
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E S F O. F A-
O U N, R, FAO
F P: 134.
Sessions J. (2007): F .
B-H, S-V: 170.
Sowa J., Kulak D., Szewczyk G. (2007): C
NIAB 5-15
. C J F E,
28: 177184.
Spinelli R., Visser R.J.M. (2009): A
. B B-
, 33: 429433.
urnbull C., Beadle C., raill J., Richards G. (1992):
Bf, x -
Corresponding author:
Aidin Parsakhoo, S A S N R U, F N R,D F, M P, P. O. Bx 737, S, I
-: @.
S .
, 4: 4556.
Vasilev E.V., Goncharov B.V. (1997): S -
. S M F E,
34: 157162.
Voitsekhovskaya F.F. (1985): D -
. J M S, 21: 516522.
Winkler N. (1998): E -
. F H C S
10. R, FAO: 64.
R J 10, 2010
A O 17, 2011