economics of a hydraulic hammer for forest road construction in a mountainous area

7/28/2019 Economics of a Hydraulic Hammer for Forest Road Construction in a Mountainous Area

1/9

J. FOR. SCI., 57, 2011 (12): 565573 565

JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE, 57, 2011 (12): 565573

T I -

1959. T

-

H 10,000

2009. B,

11 1 (Parsakhoo . 2008).

P -

B N. 131

148, P B O-

I (PBOI). A

I F S, x

- 50%. O, -

H ,

q

. I ,

q

D Cx. N, -x-

x

, , x

(Parsakhoo, Lotalian 2009).

H - -

(Sedlak 1996; Winkler 1998). M -

(, , ,

), ( ,

, , ,

)

x-

(Mitin . 1975; urnbull

. 1992). T

150 3,500

1.5 80 (Vasilev,

Goncharov 1997).Filipsson Eriksson (1989)

q 11.3 1

4.2 H 121 LC x

S . O -

2.42

5.69 1,

. M, -

x

10 17 USD 1 (IUFRO

1995). I ,

Ecmc dulc mm t d

ctuct mutu

A. Parsakhoo1, S. A. Hosseini1, M. R. Ghaffariyan2

1Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sar i Agr icultural Sciences and Natural

Resources University, Sar i, Iran2Research Fellow, Harvesting and Operations, CRC Forestr y, University of Tasmania, Australia

ABSTRACT:

PC 220 K x,

H I. A .

, q . - -

. 5.5 31 5.07 31.

7.7 3. F

.

Kwd: ; ; ; ;


2/9

566 J. FOR. SCI., 57, 2011 (12): 565573

0.15 USD1

1.80 USD1 (FAO 1992).

W , f -

x (Voitsekhovskaya

1985). H x-

q x

(Sessions 2007),

I. S, -

x.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Stud

L F 71

H I (F. 1). T 3615'45"N,

5310'40"E, 1,000 . T

-

635 . T

, x

. F

Fagus orientalis L

Carex sylvatica, Buxus hyrcanus, Brachypodium

sylvaticum, Ruscus hyrcanu, Phyllitis scolopen-

drium Polypodium auidinum ( 1).

F. 1. L L F

1. -

38

G (%) 90110

L () 510

S () 2530

C- () 2.54.0

C- () 2.53.0

C- () 8085

R () 4.04.6

F- () 2550

F- () 1.01.5

W

H I

C S

L F

C 38

A F

E ...


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J. FOR. SCI., 57, 2011 (12): 565573 567

Rd ctuct tud

F. 2

K x. M, -

F. 3.

A ,

-

(F. 4).

Dt cllct

A

PC 220 K-

x 38 L

F ( 2). A

. T -

M .

T -

. T -

. B, -

, ,

(Bjrheden 1991). C -

FAO.

T

PC 220 K x

F. 4. S

F. 2. H PC 220 K

x

F. 3. R

2. PC

220 K x

W x () 24

A x () 2

E x

K SAA6D107E-1 3

E x ()

134

S x(1)

3.15.5

D ()

13.5

D ()

55

L () 175

O x () 5

B () 7

B (1) 17,500

A (1) 13,200

() 60

() 420

G (%) 70


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568 J. FOR. SCI., 57, 2011 (12): 565573

. F -

, -

2 . T

-

.

, q

(Abeli 1993):

Vi, i+l

= 0.5(Ai+A

i+1)L

i, i+l(1)

:

Vi, i+1

i

i +1 (3),

Ai,A

i+1 i - i +1

(2),

Li, i+1

i

i+1 () (F. 5).

A (1)

-

x . M-

,

.

RESULTS

F , 49%

--

51% .

A f Bjrheden (1991),

43%. T

30%. D -

F. 6.

I 2.5 , -

5.57 31

2.13 31

. M, -

F. 5. S

-

F. 6. S

P (14%)

S (1%)R

(14%)

M (14%)

M

(14%)

O

(14%)

P (6%)

P

L

S

S

Fill-slope

width

Cut-slope

width

RoadwidthNatural

ground

Fill-slope

Lij+1

Cut-slope

F. 7. P

C- ()

2.5 3 3.5 4

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Productivity(m3.h1)

R Ex


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J. FOR. SCI., 57, 2011 (12): 565573 569

(F. 9) - (F. 10). H-

, f

P

. T 0.93.

T -

. T

( -

) f SPSS 17 (F. 11).

P (/) = 7.959 ( ()

- ()) + 25.736

n = 16,R2= 0.93

R2 0.93 93% -

x

. ANOVA

( 3)

95%. ( 4) -

.

F -

. T

16.95 ( 5). T

F. 8. W

F. 10. P

-

F. 9. P

C ()

2.5 3 3.5 4

8

7

6

5

4

3

21

0Workv

olume(m3.m)

R Ex

, -

- 3 , 3.5

4 6.18 31, 5.11

31 5.24 31, (F. 7).T

4 7 31. T

2.5 , 3 3.5 3.19 31, 4.96 31

5.12 31, (F. 8).

I

x

y = 33.46ln(x) + 53.472

R = 0.7812

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

3.90 4.00 4.10 4.20 4.30 4.40 4.50 4.60 4.70

Productivity(mday1)

Road width mR ()

3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Productivity(m.day1)

y = 33.46(x) + 53.472R2 = 0.7812

y = 49.076x-2.014

R= 0.9866

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

2.2 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2

Productivity(mday1)

Cut-slope height (m)

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0


y = 49.07x 2.014R2 = 0.9866

2.2 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2

C- ()


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570 J. FOR. SCI., 57, 2011 (12): 565573

x

-

6.

M f

x (Balcom

1988). I , -

4.1 EUR. -

42.5 EUR. T

7.7 EUR3. Fx

, , ,

x . T fx

40% , 12%. T 3%,

27%. T

18% (F. 12).

DISCUSSION

P

D6, D4

0.712 EUR3, 1.150 EUR3 1.110 EUR

3, (Abeli 1993). B, C-

0.672 EUR3, 0.642 EUR3 1.387 EUR3

D8 C , 235

, (Nagy 1978).

T 7.7 EUR3 .

y = 7.959ln(x) + 25.736R = 0.9324

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

9 11 13 15 17 19

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0


y = 7.959(x) + 25.736R2 = 0.9324

9 11 13 15 17 19

R . -

F. 11. P

3. ANOVA

S q D M q F Sf

R 33.24 1 33.24 193.121 < 0.0001

R 2.41 14 0.172

35.65 15

4. C

U S B

t SfB S.

L ( ) 7.959 0.573 0.966 13.897 < 0.0001

C 25.736 1.505 17.104 < 0.0001

5. F

P(31)

P(1)

F (1)

F (1)

F (3)

F (EUR1)

5.52 1.18 20 16.95 3.62 0.25


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J. FOR. SCI., 57, 2011 (12): 565573 573

E S F O. F A-

O U N, R, FAO

F P: 134.

Sessions J. (2007): F .

B-H, S-V: 170.

Sowa J., Kulak D., Szewczyk G. (2007): C

NIAB 5-15

. C J F E,

28: 177184.

Spinelli R., Visser R.J.M. (2009): A

. B B-

, 33: 429433.

urnbull C., Beadle C., raill J., Richards G. (1992):

Bf, x -

Corresponding author:

Aidin Parsakhoo, S A S N R U, F N R,D F, M P, P. O. Bx 737, S, I

-: @.

S .

, 4: 4556.

Vasilev E.V., Goncharov B.V. (1997): S -

. S M F E,

34: 157162.

Voitsekhovskaya F.F. (1985): D -

. J M S, 21: 516522.

Winkler N. (1998): E -

. F H C S

10. R, FAO: 64.

R J 10, 2010

A O 17, 2011

economics of a hydraulic hammer for forest road construction in a mountainous area

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