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GLOBAL WARMING
by Otis Walker
Global warming is a problem that is caused by
greenhouse gases that factories burning fossil
fuels are releasing. Fossil fuels are : coal, oil,
gas and wood. Cars and other vehiclesemitting carbon dioxide also contribute to
global warming.
Greenhouse gases are a group of gases that
are harmful to the planet like Carbon Dioxide
(co2) and Nitrous Oxide (n2o). Some people
also say that cow poo is a cause of global
warming because it releases something called
methane gas, which absorbs the sun’s heat
and heats up the planet.
Global warming could melt the world's icecaps and glaciers, causing an increase in sealevels and making many coastal areasuninhabitable. It could also affect weatherpatterns causingdroughts, flooding and hurricanes.
Global warming needs to stop but we rely somuch on the bad things we do, it is hard tostop. We can help by trying to find alternatefuels like solar power and try not to use ourcars as much by walking or taking the bus.
Editorial
Hello and welcome to another issue of Totally
Tockington, the paper written BY students FOR
students. This week the theme is weather. And
as the weather has mostly been rain this week,
we decided to tell you about some other types of
weather.
Learn all you need to know about: glaciers, byLily; tsunamis, by Oliver and global warming, by
Otis. We also have some great word searches
as well by Carmen and Jonathan. I hope you
enjoy it!
Tabitha Huby
Editor
Illustrations by Ellie ParkerIllustrations and header by Ellie ParkerEdition 93 Team B February 1st
2016
founded b Ben Owen in 2011
When the air heats up, the
seas get warmer and ice melts.
This affects the habitat of
animals like polar bears and of
humans too, as the weather
changes in the places where
we live.
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DRESSING FOR AN ARCTIC
EXPEDITION
by William Bate
Hands
When it's very cold, sometimes you can wear two
or three pairs of gloves because you don't wantcold fingers.
Head
If you don't wear a hat or mask, you can lose
around 20% of your body heat and a hat is the
quickest way to heat your body up
Socks
You can wear two pairs of woolly thick socks our
a similar material if it is very cold, because you
will stay nice and warm.
Base Core Layer
The first layer next to the skin should be soft and
comfortable, because you do not want an
uncomfortable layer next to your skin.
The Outer Shell Layer
The outer layer is wind-proof and may be water-proof, because it is not necessary for very cold
weather with no rain.
Boots
No hiking boots are to be worn, you need to wear
Bunny boots or Mukluks. These have soft
insulated uppers, thick plastic soles and thick
insoles to prevent heat loss.
The Top Ten Coldest
Places in the World
by James Packham
I’ve been wishing for snow this winter because I
really want to have a big snowball fight. Here are
the best places to go, if you want to play in thesnow, or maybe just snuggle by the fire with a hot
chocolate!
1) Antarctica: The lowest recorded temperature
was -93.2C. It was measured in air pockets
scattered near a high ice ridge between Dome
Argus and Dome Fuji. It won’t make it into the
record books though, because it wasn’t measured
far enough above the surface.
2) Antarctica - A temperature of -89.4C was
measured at the Vostok Research Station.
3) Verkhoyansk, Russia – Recorded an all time
low of -67.7C.
4) Oymyakon, Russia - Equal place with
Verkhoyansk at -67.7C.
5) North Ice Research Station, Greenland -
Recorded a temperature of -66.1C
6) Yakutsk, Russia - This Russian city is built on
continuous permafrost and the lowest recorded
temperature is -64.4C.
7) Snag, Yukon, Canada - Canada’s coldest city
has recorded temperatures of -63C.
8) Prospect Creek, Alaska, USA - A very chilly -
43C.
9) Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories,Canada - On New Year’s Eve 1910 temperatures
dropped to -61.7C.
10) Fort Vermilion, Alberta, Canada - Lowest
temperature recorded at -61.1C.
BBBBBBBBBBBBRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR!!!
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The Top Ten Wettest Places on Earth
by Henry Packham
Running around the Mini last week, I thought it must have been the wettest place on Earth, but I was wrong.
Here are the TEN wettest places in the World.
Place Average annual rainfall
1) Mawsynram, Meghalaya State, India 11,871mm
2) Cheerapunji, Meghalaya State, India 11,777mm
3) Tutendo, Colombia, South America 11,770mm
4) Cropp River, New Zealand 11,516mm
5) San Antonio de Ureca, Equatorial Guinea 10,450mm
6) Debundscha, Cameroon, Africa 10,299mm
7) Big Bog, Maui, Hawaii 10,272mm
8) Mt Waialeale, Kauai, Hawaii 9763mm
9) Kukui, Maui, Hawaii 9293mm
10) Emei Shan, Sichuan Province, China 8169mm
So, with an average annual rainfall of about 894 mm, Bristol has a bit of catching up to do!
And eo le sa it alwa s rains in En land!!
JONATHAN BAGULEY’S SIMPLE WEATHER WORDSEARCH
h i r h m g o b q e o l
u u w e s n l f l o g i
c q r n h u u z h d o g
i l o r s t z s z a f h
x w o t i i a z y n s t
m w e u r c h e w r l n
k r f d d s a f w o e i
y n i a r s s n l t e n
c l i m a t e t e b t g
n g f p o i q p x o g a
v h w e w x a t h s t g
r x d r a z z i l b g x
blizzard
blustery
climate
clouds
drizzle
fog
hurricane
lightning
rain
sleet
snow
sun
tornadoweather
Not hard
enough? See
Carmen’s
fiendish
wordsearch on
page 12!!
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It’s Raining Frogs!
by Tabitha Huby
Imagine, there has just been a big long storm and
you have been stuck inside for hours. Finally, the
storm is over! You open the front door and what do
you see? Hundreds and hundreds of frogs! They’recovering the entire street, all hopping around trying
to find some water.
And that is true; it has rained frogs many times, all
over the world! One of the most recent times was in
2005 in Serbia. Imagine what it was like!
You are probably wondering how the frogs get in
the sky in the first place. This is how it works:
A tornado goes over the water. This is called
a waterspout.
It picks up lightweight sea creatures, such as
frogs.
It hits the land which makes it slow down,
which makes everything fall.
And then, it’s raining frogs!
Frogs aren’t the only thing that falls out of the sky.Other things such as: squid, worms and fish fall as
well!
Also sometimes the waterspout picks up things off
land and it has once rained tomatoes!
All about Death Valley
By Harry Huby
Location:
Death Valley is a desert located near Los Vegas,
Eastern California. It is the lowest, driest and hottest
place in the whole of North America.
Temperature:
The hottest air temperature that has ever been
recorded in Death Valley was 134 degrees F or 56.7degrees C on July 10 1913, at Furnace Creek. It was
the hottest atmospheric ever recorded on the whole
of Earth!
Did you know?
Three women took a drive to Death Valley for a day
of exploring. Three days and 300 miles later, they
were out of gas and hope. They became victims of
the heat and died.
Did you know that today it is the same temperature
in Death Valley as it is in Tockington?
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TOP TEN WORST U.S HURRICANES EVER
by Toby Gaulton
Nowadays both in America and the United Kingdom, storms have names. The storms in this article are all
hurricanes, which we rarely have in Britain. A hurricane is a huge storm! It can be up to 600 miles across and have
strong winds spiralling inward and upward at speeds of 75 to 200 mph. Each hurricane usually lasts for over a
week, moving 10-20 miles per hour over the open ocean. Hurricanes gather heat and energy through contact with
warm ocean waters. Hurricanes are measured on a scale. The lowest scale is 1 and that included wind speeds of 74
mph. The highest on the scale is 156 mph and that is a Category 5 hurricane. I was helped by information on:
www.weatherwizkids.com/weather-hurricane.htm
10. Andrew
Hurricane Andrew made history in 1992 as one of the strongest to ever hit Florida. This storm killed 15 people.
Andrew was a surprise because it started out in the Atlantic Ocean really weak. Scientists thought that it would
break up but it turned into a category 5 hurricane. It did $26.5 billion damage.
9.Donna
Hurricane Donna was the only storm in the 1960 hurricane season to reach category 4. The storm started on the
East coast of Africa and made its way to the U.S. Up to 4 foot of water rose in the U.S. It caused $29.6 billion
damage.
8.Ike
Hurricane Ike was one of the most damaging hurricanes in 2008. It affected the U.S and Cuba. It started on the
West coast of Africa and became a category 4 hurricane. It caused $29.5 billion damage.
7.Lake Okeechobee
This hurricane struck just 2 years after the Great Miami (see no. 1). This was a category 4 hurricane and Lake
Okeechobee rose to a flood. It caused $33.6 billion.
6. Cuba-Florida
This hurricane struck on the 19 Oct 1944. It affected the U.S and Cuba. Numerous ships around Cuba were
destroyed. It did $38.7 billion damage.
5.Great New England
This hurricane in 1938 started in the Cape Verde Islands and reached America. The winds were over 160 mph. It did
$39.2 billion damage.
4.Sandy
For a long time in North America they hadn’t had a hurricane. This hurricane in 2012 nearly wiped New Jersey from
the map. Sandy was a category 3 hurricane that did $65 billion damage.
3.Galveston
Hurricane Galveston started in 1900 in the Atlantic and moved west to America. It passed Florida and met Galveston
on Sept the 5th. It caused $78 billion damage.
2.Katrina
Katrina was a killer. It nearly buried New Orleans in water. It was the most destructive hurricane in 2005. It did $108
billion damage.
1.The Great Miami
On Sept 18th 1926 a category 3 hurricane nearly wiped out Miami. It caused $157 billion damage. It hit Miami,
Florida, Alabama and the Bahamas. The death total was 327.
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Film Reviews
by William Sheppard
This film is rated as a 12.
Storm hunting is the object of the game in Into
the Storm where four people hunt downtornadoes for a lot of money. They finally find a
tornado in the small town of Silverton but that is
just the start.
This is the first tornado they have filmed in two
years but when they think it is all over, the worst
is yet to come. Most people seek shelter while
some people run towards their death trying to
get the shot of a life time literally. In just the span
of one day this town is ravaged by unpredictablewaves of tornadoes.
So if you love films with suspense, romance and
action and, of course, danger, this film is for you.
This film is a PG.
Twister is a real show-stopper. It’s full of action-
packed fun for all the family. This film was
made in 1996. It might be old, but it is a real
thriller.
Twisters (tornadoes) had warning sirens but by
the time they went off you were probably killed
by the tornado. Then when scientist, Bill
Harding, (Bill Paxton) invented these sensors topick up readings from inside of the tornado, all
they had to do was to get them into a twister
but it’s not as easy as it sounds.
Your family will love this film; it may be old but
not out-dated. See the dark side of nature.
WEATHER
Rain, rain, the rain can be fun,
Rain, rain, the rain has gone,
Wind, wind, blowing all day long,
Wind, wind, sings a song,
Snow, snow, pure white snow,
Snow, snow, icy snow,
Sun, sun, the warmth of the sun,
Sun, sun, glorious Sun.
by Logan Fitzpatrick
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Tsunamis by Oliver Gill
This week, I am writing about Tsunamis
Tsunamis can be formed by natural disasters,such as earthquakes and landslides.
On beaches that are tsunami-prone, there areusually signs saying where the safe places are.
Did you know? One of the worst tsunamis was on Boxing Day,2004. It killed over 200,000 people!!
Tsunamis are NOT tidal waves, which is whatsome people might call them.
They are very quick, and waves can be as highas 100m!
Tsunami is a Japanese word, and it means“Harbor -wave”.
The worst tsunamis can destroy entire CITIES.
An earthquake in the sea has to be over 6.75 onthe Richter scale to be a fully-fledged tsunami.
Some beaches even have sirens, to alertpeople of tsunamis.
On average, two tsunamis occur per year
throughout the world which inflict damage near
the source. Approximately every 15 years a
destructive, ocean-wide tsunami occurs.
How to Measure the Weather
by Talia Curtis
How do meteorologists forecast the weather?
Weather forecasting is a prediction of what the
weather will be like in an hour, tomorrow, or next
week. Weather forecasting involves a
combination of computer models andobservations. By using these methods, you can
figure out the forecasts for up to seven days in
advance.
A THERMOMETER measures the airtemperature.
A BAROMETER measures air pressure. It tellsyou whether or not the pressure is rising or
falling. A rising barometer means sunny and dryconditions, while a falling barometer meansstormy and wet conditions. An Italian scientistnamed Torricelli built the first barometer in 1643.
A RAIN GAUGE measures the amount of rainthat has fallen over a specific time period.
A WIND VANE is an instrument that determinesthe direction from which the wind is blowing.
An ANEMOMETER measures wind speed. Thecups catch the wind, turning a dial attached tothe instrument. The dial shows the wind speed.
A WEATHER BALLOON measures weatherconditions higher up in the atmosphere.
A weather map is a chart showing weather
conditions over a wide area at a particular
time. Acknowled ementshtt ://www.weatherwizkids.com/weather-instruments.htm
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Glaciersby Lily Edwards
My favourite type of weather is snow. But I wanted
to tell you some facts about a very interesting part ofour planet that is caused by snow – glaciers.
First of all, what is a glacier? They are made from
compressed snow and when that snow stays there
for a very very long time without moving or melting
then it turns to ice – which is basically a glacier.
They look a bit like a frozen river of ice (Let it
goooooo, let it gooooooo!!!!!) even though you can’t
see them moving they are, even right under your
feet!! They actually store 75% of the world’s fresh
water. I think that is amazing.
Glaciers are mainly found in Antarctica, Greenland
and Alaska but they can be found anywhere where
there is deep snow really, so this is why you might
see them in ski resorts, very high up in the
mountains.
Glaciers take up 10% of the total land area of ourplanet – and some are the size of football fields and
some are kilometres long. Wow! The longest glacier
in the world is in Alaska – it is 118 miles long –
imagine sliding down that on a sledge!
So there are a few facts about glaciers that you
might find interesting. I did!
I acknowledge www.nsidc.org to help with this
article
TornadoesBy Jai Patel
A tornado is a very lethal rotating swirl of air
that starts as a thunderstorm. The most
dangerous tornadoes are so quick that their
highest speed can be up to 300mph. These
occur after Supercell Thunderstorms and can
smash down very big buildings, hurl trucks and
cars, and uproot massive trees. In an average
year in America, more than 1000 tornadoes are
reported.
Tornadoes form when warm moist air collides
with cool dry air. When these two types of airmix, the wind speeds up and forms large
spinning swirls which are about 4-6 miles wide.
As the swirls gets faster, the tornado tube gets
smaller and stronger until it starts sucking
everything up inside the middle.
Tornadoes can be funnel shaped, rope-like,
can be multiple, and even nearly invisible.
Tornadoes can also occur over the oceans and
these are called waterspouts. There have beenmany reports in the world of fish falling out of
the sky onto land. Scientists believe that this is
due to waterspout tornadoes sucking fish up
and dumping them hundreds of miles away on
land !
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Top 10 things to do in Summer
by Elizabeth Allan-Jones
1. : you can invite some friends over and do teams or just do one on one.Water fights
2. Barbecues: you can have a barbecue with friends or family on the beach or at home.
3. : there are lots of good outdoor swimming pools all over the UK and IOutdoor swimming pools
can recommend the one in Portishead.
4. Sports, mini Olympics, assault courses: try setting these up all over your garden with garden
chairs and footballs and anything else that comes to mind.
6. : these are great for gardens with lots of trees.Building dens
7. : everyone can do these as long as you have wet sand.Building sandcastles
8. : who doesn’t want to get freezing and wet in the cold British seas? If not youSwimming in the sea
might be lucky and go abroad in the warm foreign seas.
9. : it’s perfect on a sunny day lazing about with anLying down in the sun with an ice-cream
ice-cream in your hand.
10. get the family up and go for a bike ride at your own speed, then when you get back youBike ride:
can laze about with a cold drink and an ice-cream.
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FIENDISH WEATHER WORDSEARCHBY Carmen Rey-Jones
S I E C S P G X S P R T Y C Z J E Z T E P K Z T L
H J R T O N E S P H A D M K Z Y C A S O H Q T R C
T W K F I K W Y V A I M O R I S A N W L R I K T V
W E I N U E L A S H N W O O T P B A Q C Z N C O B
H H I N U K H Q W Z B G L S F S Y C S O U V A H D
P A U U D P G B S X O P G M A I I N L L K I T D P
R M Q I N Y Y Z N R W P X K I C N M O H I B Z X O
H D E I C I U Z L W F T K W U S C Q E O J I W T M
D L O C F R D I B P N R O Y A Y N Z Q H H M U W S
C N D Q H F G Q X T N U H A T J D F I P V D O C V
R Q W P I H Z H G Z Q T E N A C I R R U H Y B D G
Y W K K T S D F Q H T M B O I L I N G Q Y A G B B
W K L N F M J M T D C D L F C L I V H I O K C R PJ I I X B S F T R P E Z F Z X K E A K W A F B E T
P N G T V S T I A U R U M Y B I C T H W M F X J J
G Y J N E M Z O S U W W L T V Q N Q A V V K T S I
U S M F I Z R O Q F K N P B A P D R T T R A V H E
T N D R L Z L I P A E Z E Q M S I P F Q O H N Q E
S O R E O T E T S R H Y H U M I D O C Y I R Q G U
E W A Q F T K E M O A O J D Y Y G V B P C J P Q H
H Y Z S U P S Y R G G A M C O G Z G X B U A K O V
V L Z E B D N X D F M G S K Y D U O L C T K G R HX X I U G N I T A G J X C V Q P Z N T X H B W N U
V E L W U B N Y I P D M Z E C Q H D Y L G H R Z S
Y Z B S N X C J X J B O F Y C H Q D O E P R Z Z E
BLIZZARD
BOILING
CLOUDY
COLD
DRIZZLE
FOGGY
FREEZINGGLOOMY
HAIL
HOT
HUMID
HURRICANE
LIGHTNING
RAINBOW
RAINING
SNOWY
STORMY
SUNNYTORNADO
WINDY