Download - Embracing Web 2.0 in an Education 1.0 Universe Andy Carvin PBS learning.now [email protected]
Embracing Web 2.0in an Education 1.0 Universe
Andy Carvin
PBS learning.now
www.pbs.org/learningnow
www.andycarvin.com
A Quick Overview
Internet history Internet in education Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 Blogs, Podcasts, Vlogs The Digital Divide Content producers Online Social Networks Copyright
Open Content Creative Commons PLoS Wikipedia ICT literacy Web 3.0 Are schools ready? PBS learning.now
A Quick History of the Internet
Late 60s: first TCP/IP Network Decentralized - to survive nuclear holocaust 70s-80s: Utilized for research, academia Early communities: e-lists, USENET Late 80s: Web invented Early 90s: Networks privatized 1995: AOL opens Web gateway
…and the rest is history….
The Internet Goes to School
Late 80s: First schools gain Net access Early projects: IEARN, Kidlink, GSH 1994: Just 4% of classrooms online NetDay ‘96: Volunteers wire schools E-Rate: Federal subsidies for Internet access Today: Nearly 100% of schools online,
90%+ of classrooms, 70%+ of students at home
Who’s Producing the Content?
Until recently, to produce content for a large audience you needed to be a...
Publisher Broadcaster Billboard owner Pilot flying a sign-dragging airplane Guy holding up signs at televised football game
Enter stage left: Web 1.0
Most people read the Net instead of producing for it, because producers needed:
HTML coding skills Programming skills Graphic design skills Hosting ability Promotion mechanisms
Creating a Content-Friendly, People Friendly Internet
Late 1990s: New classes of online software to simplify content creation
Allowed people to focus on ideas and creativity rather than technical know-how
“The Read-Write Web”AKA “Web 2.0”
AKA “We Media”
Example: Blogs
Early days: online geeks posted personal homepages or diaries (example: me)
Blogging software made online publishing easy; anyone with Internet can do it
Fill-out-a-form publishing Today: 60-100 million+ blogs online
Podcasting & Vlogging
Podcasting: blogs with audio content Vlogging: blogs with video content Both use RSS to allow user subscriptions iTunes is the big gorilla in the market Now, thousands of podcasters and vloggers
creating their own content streams Example: Atlantic City Rough Cuts
Social Software and theDemocratization of Content
classblogmeister.com: edublogging tool flickr.com: photo blogging community epnweb.org: education podcast network blip.tv: make your own video blog youtube.com: 100 m videos downloaded daily
Common thread: Online communities where people
are actively encouraged to use and share each other’s original content
But What AboutThe Digital Divide?
About 70% of US households online African American households lag behind whites Disparities based on income, education level Pew: 80% of English-speaking Latinos online? The more people are online, the worse off are
those without access
Content Production:Everybody’s Doin’ It
48 mil Americans have posted content online One in 12 Internet users publish a blog One in four have shared original content Young people more likely to post content Race, income, education less of a factor Latinos, African Americans slightly more likely
to post online content than whites
Source: Pew Internet & American Life Project, Home Broadband Adoption 2006
Online Social Networks
Websites that focus on community Encourage interaction, discussion, debate Public member profiles User-generated content Often target specific audiences
We’ve All Heard of This….
But What About This?
Or This?
Or This?
Dealing with Copyright
Historically there were two extremes:
Give it away (ie, public domain) Maintain strict control (ie, all rights reserved)
For Internet content to thrive,
we needed middle ground.
The Growth of “Open Content”
Emphasis on “Access to Knowledge” Content published on liberal license Freely available to the public Encouraging user contributions Sometimes peer reviewed, sometimes not
Example: Creative Commons
Popular copyright strategy used by bloggers, online communities
Creates spectrum of choices for copyright choices based on creator’s comfort level
e.g., noncommercial use only, citation, don’t alter my content
“Share Alike” license - require users to pass along original intent of your copyright license
New: “Developing Nations” license
Example: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Reinventing traditional publishing model Authors pay fee to have research considered
rather than charging high subscription fees Journals published on paper, online Libraries no longer forced to pay high fees Articles openly available to the public using
an Attribution Creative Commons license
The Wiki Revolution
Online workspaces where anyone can read, write, edit documents
Previous edits trackable; virtual “paper trail” Encourages group collaboration Wiki=Hawaiian for “quick” Wiki Wiki People Mover Examples: PBWiki.com, MediaWiki
The Wild World of Wikipedia
The world’s largest encyclopedia
Launched in 2001 1,000,000+ entries in
200+ languages A magnet for
controversy
The Central Issue
Pro:
Anyone can create or edit Wikipedia entries
Con:
Anyone can create or edit Wikipedia entries
The Siegenthaler Controversy
John Siegenthaler Sr. visits Wikipedia Entry claims he was involved in JFK’s death Remained on Wikipedia for months Seigenthaler demands its removal Wiki activists insist he edit it himself Seigenthaler writes USA Today op/ed Result: No more anonymous entry creation
Students Expose Sex Offender
Young man tries to enroll in school Claims to be Caspian James Crichton-Stuart IV,
5th Duke of Cleveland, ie “Your Grace” Students research Duke of Cleveland on Wikipedia Identify person who edited entry: Joshua Gardner Discover Gardner on national sex offender registry
Who was Joshua Gardner? The young man trying to enroll in school.
Wikis and Free Speech:Wikipedia and China
Chinese Wikipedia grows rapidly
Chinese govt keeps blocking it
Officials upset Wikipedia doesn’t reflect official line
A Threat to One-Party Rule?
“Foreign media reports suggest that as many as 1,000 protestors were killed.”
Neutral statement of fact - or disseminating subversive propaganda?
Give-it-away, Give-it-away,Give-it-away Now
Wikipedia allows anyone to copy, edit, disseminate content for any purpose
Content copied by other sites, eg answers.com When Wikipedia is updated, other copies not
necessarily updated promptly Concern: You could cite three separate online
sources - all originating from Wikipedia
Potential Solutions?
Requiring multiple citations for everything Discouraging anonymous Wikipedians
(but what about wiki dissidents?) Highlighting entries vetted by experts The eBay model: allowing users to rank
entries, Wikipedians according to trust, accuracy
If You Can’t Beat ‘em....
Wikipedia as research exercise Assign Wikipedia entries to students Students examine entries’ accuracy Use multiple sources to correct entries “Final” version given seal of approval
More Pedias Than You Can Shake a Stick At
Wiki software often free or open source Thousands of wikis now online Buffalopedia... Turkopedia...Golfopedia...
Ethiopedia... Jazzopedia... Supportblogging.com: Wiki on edublogging
Content created for the community,
by the community
Whom Do You Trust in a World of Open Content?
Recent wiki controversies make educators nervous
Many users don’t know wikis are a work-in-progress
Delaware Supreme Court: blogs, online forums inherently “untrustworthy”
What’s More Reliable?
Is offline content “better” than online content? Are lines blurring?
What’s Needed: ICT Literacy
Technical skills Content generation skills Research skills Information literacy Media literacy Online safety and responsibility
What’s Next? Web 3.0, of course!
The read/write/execute Web Users executing their own scripts Tools that let you build online, create software Immersive virtual environments, user controlled Example: Second Life
Are Schools Ready?The Jury’s Still Out
Many schools just getting comfy with Web 1.0 Blogs sometimes get bad press Congress: Force schools to filter Web 2.0 sites Districts blocking Blogger.com, MySpace, Wikipedia Wikipedia now blocking school districts! Established Web 2.0 education projects popular
overseas, not here (Cyberfair, IEARN, ThinkQuest) Web 2.0 projects are inherently constructivist But does NCLB make them irrelevant?
PBS learning.nowwww.pbs.org/learningnow
Thanks!
Andy [email protected]
www.pbs.org/learningnowwww.andycarvin.comebook.telecentre.org
Presentation:www.andycarvin.com/buffalo.ppt