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EMOTIONS
Emotion is a relatively brief reaction to stimuli involving subjective feelings, physiological arousal, and observable
behavior.
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Motivation & Emotion
• Motivation is the source of our behavior.
• Emotion is the feelings associated with our behavior.• Emotions can function as
motivation• Hit someone because
you are angry• Do something because
it makes you happy
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The Brain and Emotionhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/i
ntroduction-to-emotions.html#lesson
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Functions of EmotionIncrease, decrease or
regulate arousalFocus perception and
attentionInfluence learning &
memory Organize and motivate
behaviorCommunicate with others
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Four Components of Emotion
1. Interpret, appraise some stimulus (ex. Shark = serious threat)
2. Experience a feeling (fear, terror, excitement)
3. Physiological response (heart rate or breathing change)
4. Show observable behaviors (cry, panic, freeze)
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Theories Of Emotion
1.Physiological Theories
2.Cognitive Theories
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Physiological Theories of Emotion
Main Belief – Emotions derive from physical changes in the body
EX = fear heightened when heart races (panic attack)
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Emotion and PhysiologyAutonomic nervous system controls
physiological arousal
Sympatheticdivision (arousing)
Pupils dilate
Decreases
Perspires
Increases
Accelerates
Inhibits
Secrete stresshormones
Parasympatheticdivision (calming)
Pupils contract
Increases
Dries
Decreases
Slows
Activates
Decreasessecretion of
stress hormones
EYES
SALIVATION
SKIN
RESPIRATION
HEART
DIGESTION
ADRENALGLANDS
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Main Belief – Emotions result from mental processes and physiological
changes working together
Cognitive Theories of Emotion
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James-LangeTheory of Emotion= I see a bear, my muscles tense, I feel afraid!
Experience of emotion is awareness of physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli (react and then label)
Fear(emotion)
Poundingheart
(arousal)
Sight of oncoming
car(perception of
stimulus)
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Cannon-BardTheory of Emotion = I see a bear, I feel afraid and my muscles tense!
Sympathetic NS too slow to account for the speed of emotional reactions = problem with James-Lange.
Emotion-arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger: physiological responses subjective experience
of emotion
Sight of oncoming
car(perception of
stimulus)
Poundingheart
(arousal)
Fear(emotion)
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Schachter’s Two-Factor Theory of Emotion = I feel nervous. I must be scared!
To experience emotion one must: be physically
aroused cognitively
label the arousal
Then label the feeling
Cognitivelabel
“I’m afraid”
Fear(emotion)
Sight of oncoming
car(perception of
stimulus)
Poundingheart
(arousal)
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Facial Expressions and EmotionFunction = communicate emotion to othersPaul Ekman
some facial expressions are universal & few of us (10 – 20%) can hide true emotions
Communicate 3 things What emotion is being experienced Whether 2 emotions are blended Strength of emotion
identified six emotions associated with universal facial expressions (30 yr study)
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Culturally Universal Expressions
A = happiness B = surprise C = fear D = sadness E = anger F = disgust
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/categorizing-emotions.html#lesson
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Expressed Emotion People more speedily detect an angry
face than a happy one
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Gender and expressiveness Women
have greater emotional responsiveness
Usually better at reading emotions
Express empathy more Better at expressing
happiness
Men Women
Sad Happy ScaryFilm Type
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Numberof
expressions
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Experienced Emotion Infants’ naturally occurring emotions
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Tony Robbins: Why We Do What We Dohttp://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/tony_robbin
s_asks_why_we_do_what_we_do.html