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Environmentally Friendly Alternative Fuels -
Critical to Aviations Future
www.caafi.org
Future of Aviation Advisory Committee
(FAAC) Subcommittee on the Environment
August 10, 2010
Richard L. Altman Executive Director, Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)
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“(The) U.S. aviation industry is eager for an entirely new fuel dynamic and will be an enthusiastic purchaser “ ……..Letter dated 1/16/09 to President Elect Obama
Aviation Biofuels – Multi-year History
CAAFI Formed
2006
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70%
63%
TotalImports
U.S. Production
U.S. Consumption
2005
Mill
ion
bbl p
er d
ay
1975 1985 1995 2005 2015
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
F
Improve Fuel Fraction
Reduce Crack Spread
Enhance Supply Security
New Sustainable Dynamic Economic Need
Jet < 10%Gasoline
Diesel
3
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Global Climate
Reduce PM 2.5
Contain CO2 Growth
Air Quality
New Sustainable Dynamic Environment Need
Ozone PM 2.50
20406080
100120
Data for 50 Largest U.S. Airports
Non-at-tainment
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Aerospace Industries Association
Air Transport AssociationAirports Council
International – North America
350 Sponsors/Stakeholders From All Continents * Actual attendance at 9/30/09 meeting 230 people, 125 entities
45 fuel producers
8 Universities, FAA Center of Excellence
15 Think Tanks, Consultants
21 Airlines, Exec Jets, Military, airport orgs.
CAAFI - Who We Are 14 Aircraft,
engine, subsystem
OEM’s
4 Oil service providers3 International
Finance
Federal Aviation Administration
17 government agencies / labs
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COMMERCIAL AVIATION• 10X USAF fuel market• Multi-year procurement
and hedging fuel purchasing• oversight of certification via
ASTM• Concentrated Airport
Distribution (80% of fuel to 35 locations)
• Single global environmental framework via ICAO (U.N.) – FAA is U.S. Representative
• R&D Resources via NASA, FAA (CLEEN), Many Commercial teams
DOD/USAF• Self contained
development, certification, procurement.
• R&D Fuels research assets at via AFRL
• Initial Fit for Purpose testing via AFRL
• Section -526 LCA compliance with DOE
• Certification for Synfuel via Mil Spec
• Initial purchases of synfuels to verify production Scale up.
CAAFI/FAA Leveraging Government Partners
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FEEDSTOCK SUPPLIERS
FUEL PRODUCERS
DISTRIBUTORS / FBO’S
CAAFI – How We Operate
Facilitate Maximum Opportunity “Flow-up”
Focus and Communicate Requirements “Flow Down”
DevelopDeploy
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2009 Aviation Achievements • First Major Aviation Fuel Qualification
in 20 Years passed – ASTM D7566!• Four flight programs of Biofuels• ICAO Accepted Best Practices
- Fuel Readiness Level risk management.
- CO2 LCA Analysis Principles
• Four Commercial projects formed
Winner 2010 Air Transport WorldJoseph S. Murphy Award
for Industry Service!
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2010 Off to Excellent Start • Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ/ Bio-SPK)
tracking to 12/10 ASTM Approvals (Jan. - June)• White House recognition of Aviation as lead
customer for Biofuels (Feb.)• FAA/DESC “Single Fuel Buyer” Alliance (March)• Greatly expanding the scope of potential
supplier discussions (April, May) • First Quantitative Jet Fuel Carbon LCA
(PARTNER) leads aviation centric impact quantification (May)
• “Farm to Fly” with USDA announced (July)• “One Buyer” United Aviation Exhibit at
Farnborough Air Show (July)
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Going Forward Approach/Challenges
• Accelerate Development and Certification
• Mechanisms for Rapid Deployment and Quality Assurance
• Environmental Certainty and Crediting (Carbon and PM2.5)
• International Harmonization and Cooperation
Fiberized Sweet Sorghum
Camelina Rotation Crop
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Accelerated Development / Certificaton
In Process• Execute Fuel
Readiness with USDA/DOE/DOD to one roadmap
• Increase Number of processes and feedstocks qualified
• Implement “Feedstock Readiness Risk Management (FERL) to Match Fuel Readiness
Issue / Challenges
Current FAA Advanced Fuel Programs is one year Congressional Plus up
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Year Fuel Type Status2009 - 50% FT Synjet blends
including biomass/coal/gas- Approval executed September 09’ under ASTM D7566
2010 - 50% HRJ Synjet Blend - Currently being balloted…12/10 Approval target
2013.4 - Other Biofuel process blends
- Fermentation Processes from sugar and Cellulosic material- Catalytic Processes processes from sugar and cellulosic material- Pyrolisis from cellulosic material.
CAAFI Certification Timing Targets and Status
12
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Rapid Deployment / Quality Assured
In Process:• Initial MOU’s, intent
to execute Purchase agreements, signed
• Many Success Models Being Pursued at State Level
• “Top Down” regional studies (“farm to fly”), tools development
• Quality Assurance targeted with Congressional “Plus-up”
Issues/Challenges• Financial Support
inadequate:- One year
funding of $1/gallon introductory credit
- 80% Loan guarantees for production facilities
- 5 year max. purchase agreements for government buyer • Quality Program
multi-year to assure success.
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Multiple Success Models (most promising) California*Florida **GeorgiaHawaii**Illinois**
Michigan**Minnesota**Mississippi*
Ohio**New York**
North CarolinaNorth Dakota**Pennsylvania**
OklahomaTennessee**
Texas**Washington*
* airline/producer agreements ** study proposals or Pilot Plants
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Planning & Tools Developments Tool Suite Available or in process• ACRP 02-07 Fuel Cost /benefit (complete)• ACRP 02-18 Airport / Supply chain handbook• ACRP 02-23 PM 2.5 Airport Priorities • Carbon Neutral Growth Scenario Analysis• Next Gen Insertion Optimization Tool Projects to Begin Soon• “Farm to Fly” Regional Top Down analysis• ACRP Multi-Modal Assessment project • USAF / CAAFI “Biofuels Summit II” with USDA with
USDA regions. • Feedstock Readiness Level Risk Management
Construct under USDA / FAA MOU
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Environmental Certainty / Crediting
In Process• DOE / USAF carbon
LCA (sec -526) Compliance Model (with FAA/EPA)
• PARTNER (MIT) / FAA Aviation Specific Carbon Life Cycle Analysis
• Air Quality PM 2.5 measurement and analysis process gains
• Examination of Verification Process candidates
Issues and Challenges• Crediting benefits
fo Purchaser under co-mingling
• How will Renewable Index Number process be applied in RFS-2?
• Slow development of Aviation specific Particle modeling tool
• Will Aviation Specific Issues have priority at EPA (we’re 2% of GHG)?
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“Ground to Wake” Carbon LCA
Aviation Specific LCA
Executed by DOE / USAF with
FAA/MIT and EPA
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Compatible International Planning
In Process• EC Interchange and
Contributions with CAAFI Teams
• Leverating strong Independent Partner Assets with E.C.
• Specific proposals for areas of cooperation
• Broad Participation in the Roundtable on Sustainable Fuels, Air Transport Action Group (ATAG)
Issues and Challenges• Taxes (ETS) vs.
Environmental friendly fuel incentives
• Renewable quotas vs. carbon neutral growth
• U.S. Cooperative model difficult to emulate owing to member state differences in EC
• “Opportunity cost”, time penalties EC/US negotiations
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Europe/U.S. Have Strong Partner Assets • Industry Partnerships – e.g. CFMI, IAE, P&W/MTU
• Significant standing (FAA/EU) dialogue
• EU / CAAFI program links now
• Shared contractors/processes
• Similar approach to ICAO (U.N.) (2009 common goals/methods )
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• Aviation Positioned on “Cutting Edge” to be high visibility“First Mover”
• Pathways / roadmaps to success established /recognized
• Challenges / Remedies well understood
• U.S. CAAFI Public / Private Coalition global model
Environment Friendly Aviation Fuels?