Download - Ergonimics Final
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ErgonomicsA dimension of health and safety
at work place
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Flow of presentation
Facts
Introduction ergonomics
Informing about ergonomics stress area
Characteristics of MSD
MSD symptoms
3 necessity for ergonomics
How it can be avoided
Role of HR
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Facts about ergonomics
The average person working at a keyboard can perform
50,000 to 200,000 keystrokes a day
Overexertion, falls & RMI are the most common cause of
workplace injury
An average of 125,000 back injuries due to improper lifting
each year.
Muscles overuse results in tiny tears in the muscles and
scarring; these contribute to inflammation and muscle
stiffness
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Confused with medical terminologies?
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Introduction
Derived from two Greek words:
Nomos meaning natural laws
Ergon meaning work
Hence, ergonomists study human capabilities in relationship
to work demands
Ergonomics is the science of fitting jobs to people
Essentially, ergonomics is the relationship between the
worker and the job and focuses on the design of work areas to
enhance job performance
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ERGONOMICS
Ergonomics is the scientific study of human work.
Ergonomic principles adapt work to a specific person bydesigning tasks & tools or equipment to fit the individual to
prevent injuries to the musculoskeletal system.
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Cond..
As early as 18th century doctors noted that workers who required
to maintain body positions for long periods of time developed
musculoskeletal problems.
Within last 20 years research has clearly established connections
between certain job tasks and RSI (Repetitive Strain Injuries) or
MSD (musculoskeletal disorders )
Ergonomics can help prevent injuries and limit secondary injuries as
well as accommodate individuals with various disabilities, including
those with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)
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ERGONOMIC STRESS AREAS
Knee
Hip
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Characteristics of MSDs
Occur from a single event or many small injuries
Take weeks, months, or years to develop
Produce no symptoms in early stages, but show symptoms after
injury has occurred
Contributing causes may occur at home
and at work
Same MSD may differ in severity from person to person doing asimilar task
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COMMON CAUSES:
Repetitive and/or prolonged activities
Awkward postures/positions for an
extended time
Static postures
Vibration
High/low Temperatures for an extendedtime
Forceful exertions
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Forceful Exertions
Inflammation of tendons,
nerves, joints
Contributing factors
Type of grip
Weight of object
Body posture
Type and duration of the
task
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Awkward Postures Stress on muscles
and tendons
Contributing factors
Reaching overhead
Force the body must
maintain to hold the
position
Holding fixed positions
(static loading) Lifting while twisting,
reaching, or turning
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Contact Stress
Pressing against or
grabbing a hard object
puts pressure on nerves,
tendons,
and blood vessels
Contributing factors
Repetition
Duration of contact
Grip strength required
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Vibration
Affects tendons, muscles,joints, nerves
Contributing factors
Prolonged grip
Restricts blood supply
to hands and fingers
Tools without vibration
dampening device
Poor power tool
maintenance
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Risk Factor
Repetitive Motion
Stress on muscles and tendons
Contributing factors
Duration and speed of
repetitious movement
Number of muscles involved
Required force
Raising and lowering the arm
over and over again
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MSD Symptoms
Back and neck
shooting pain, stiffness
Shoulderspain,
stiffness, loss of mobility
Arms and legs
shooting pains,
numbness
Elbow and knee joints
pain, swelling, stiffness,
soreness
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MSD Symptoms (cont.)
Hands and wrists
swelling, numbness,loss of strength
Fingersjerkingmovements, or loss
of strength, mobility,and feeling
Thumbspain atthe base
Feet and toes
numbness, tingling,stiffness, burningsensation
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Risk Factors
That Lead to MSDs
Repetitive motions
Forceful exertions
Awkward postures
Contact stress
(pressure points)
Vibrations
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Necessity of ergonomics
1. Work activities should permit worker to adopt several
different healthy and safe postures.
2. Muscle forces should be done by the largest appropriatemuscle groups available
3. Work activities s/b performed with joints at about mid-
point of their ROM (esp. head,trunk,UE)
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How it can be avoided
Prevent is the first necessity.
a) Warm up & stretch before activities that are repetitive,
static or prolonged
b) Take frequent breaks from ANY sustained posture every 20-
30 minutes
c) Respect pain- positions or stop painful activity
d) Recognize early signs of inflammatory process, & tx early
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Maintain Neutral Posture
a) Maintain erect position of back
& neck w/ shoulders relaxed
b) Position equipment & work directly in front of and close toyour major tasks
c) Keep upper arms close to the body, elbows 90-100 degrees
d) Keep feet flat on floor, upper body weight resting on sits
bones
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Benefit of Ergonomic Hazard
Identification
Improved safety and health in the workplace
Improved employee morale and job satisfaction
Improved productivity
Improved quality of work
Improved competitiveness in the marketplace
Reduced probability of accidents and errors
Reduced absenteeism and employee turnover
Reduced medical and workers' compensation costs associated
with cumulative trauma disorders
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Role of HR
HR department should conduct training program for employeesand should provide ergonomics education to their employees.
The work station design should meet the requirements of
ergonomics
The job design should be appropriate and should ensure jobrotation for employees having monotonous job.
There should be medical check ups at regular intervals
HR should ensure that every individual is in compliance with the
ergonomics policies and work practice. Medical portals should be created so that any individual who
wants additional information about ergonomic or medical
management can serve himself.
They should be counseled if the employees face any problem
regarding their health and safety due to their work.
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Correct & Incorrect Techniques
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ERGO REMINDERS fromStretchbreak.com
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Evaluating the ergonomics practices
HR should evaluate the departments whether they are
following the ergonomics standards or not.
Audit should be carried for evaluating the ergonomicspractices.
It should be identified that which department needs the
ergonomics training.
Knowledge of each individual should be checked for whether
they have understood the effects of ergonomics.
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