ergonimics final

8/2/2019 Ergonimics Final

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ErgonomicsA dimension of health and safety

at work place


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Flow of presentation

Facts

Introduction ergonomics

Informing about ergonomics stress area

Characteristics of MSD

MSD symptoms

3 necessity for ergonomics

How it can be avoided

Role of HR


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Facts about ergonomics

The average person working at a keyboard can perform

50,000 to 200,000 keystrokes a day

Overexertion, falls & RMI are the most common cause of

workplace injury

An average of 125,000 back injuries due to improper lifting

each year.

Muscles overuse results in tiny tears in the muscles and

scarring; these contribute to inflammation and muscle

stiffness


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Confused with medical terminologies?


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Introduction

Derived from two Greek words:

Nomos meaning natural laws

Ergon meaning work

Hence, ergonomists study human capabilities in relationship

to work demands

Ergonomics is the science of fitting jobs to people

Essentially, ergonomics is the relationship between the

worker and the job and focuses on the design of work areas to

enhance job performance


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ERGONOMICS

Ergonomics is the scientific study of human work.

Ergonomic principles adapt work to a specific person bydesigning tasks & tools or equipment to fit the individual to

prevent injuries to the musculoskeletal system.


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Cond..

As early as 18th century doctors noted that workers who required

to maintain body positions for long periods of time developed

musculoskeletal problems.

Within last 20 years research has clearly established connections

between certain job tasks and RSI (Repetitive Strain Injuries) or

MSD (musculoskeletal disorders )

Ergonomics can help prevent injuries and limit secondary injuries as

well as accommodate individuals with various disabilities, including

those with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)


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ERGONOMIC STRESS AREAS

Knee

Hip


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Characteristics of MSDs

Occur from a single event or many small injuries

Take weeks, months, or years to develop

Produce no symptoms in early stages, but show symptoms after

injury has occurred

Contributing causes may occur at home

and at work

Same MSD may differ in severity from person to person doing asimilar task


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COMMON CAUSES:

Repetitive and/or prolonged activities

Awkward postures/positions for an

extended time

Static postures

Vibration

High/low Temperatures for an extendedtime

Forceful exertions


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Forceful Exertions

Inflammation of tendons,

nerves, joints

Contributing factors

Type of grip

Weight of object

Body posture

Type and duration of the

task


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Awkward Postures Stress on muscles

and tendons


Reaching overhead

Force the body must

maintain to hold the

position

Holding fixed positions

(static loading) Lifting while twisting,

reaching, or turning


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Contact Stress

Pressing against or

grabbing a hard object

puts pressure on nerves,

tendons,

and blood vessels


Repetition

Duration of contact

Grip strength required


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Vibration

Affects tendons, muscles,joints, nerves


Prolonged grip

Restricts blood supply

to hands and fingers

Tools without vibration

dampening device

Poor power tool

maintenance


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Risk Factor

Repetitive Motion

Stress on muscles and tendons


Duration and speed of

repetitious movement

Number of muscles involved

Required force

Raising and lowering the arm

over and over again


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MSD Symptoms

Back and neck

shooting pain, stiffness

Shoulderspain,

stiffness, loss of mobility

Arms and legs

shooting pains,

numbness

Elbow and knee joints

pain, swelling, stiffness,

soreness


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MSD Symptoms (cont.)

Hands and wrists

swelling, numbness,loss of strength

Fingersjerkingmovements, or loss

of strength, mobility,and feeling

Thumbspain atthe base

Feet and toes

numbness, tingling,stiffness, burningsensation


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Risk Factors

That Lead to MSDs

Repetitive motions

Forceful exertions

Awkward postures

Contact stress

(pressure points)

Vibrations


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Necessity of ergonomics

1. Work activities should permit worker to adopt several

different healthy and safe postures.

2. Muscle forces should be done by the largest appropriatemuscle groups available

3. Work activities s/b performed with joints at about mid-

point of their ROM (esp. head,trunk,UE)


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How it can be avoided

Prevent is the first necessity.

a) Warm up & stretch before activities that are repetitive,

static or prolonged

b) Take frequent breaks from ANY sustained posture every 20-

30 minutes

c) Respect pain- positions or stop painful activity

d) Recognize early signs of inflammatory process, & tx early


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Maintain Neutral Posture

a) Maintain erect position of back

& neck w/ shoulders relaxed

b) Position equipment & work directly in front of and close toyour major tasks

c) Keep upper arms close to the body, elbows 90-100 degrees

d) Keep feet flat on floor, upper body weight resting on sits

bones


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Benefit of Ergonomic Hazard

Identification

Improved safety and health in the workplace

Improved employee morale and job satisfaction

Improved productivity

Improved quality of work

Improved competitiveness in the marketplace

Reduced probability of accidents and errors

Reduced absenteeism and employee turnover

Reduced medical and workers' compensation costs associated

with cumulative trauma disorders


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Role of HR

HR department should conduct training program for employeesand should provide ergonomics education to their employees.

The work station design should meet the requirements of

ergonomics

The job design should be appropriate and should ensure jobrotation for employees having monotonous job.

There should be medical check ups at regular intervals

HR should ensure that every individual is in compliance with the

ergonomics policies and work practice. Medical portals should be created so that any individual who

wants additional information about ergonomic or medical

management can serve himself.

They should be counseled if the employees face any problem

regarding their health and safety due to their work.


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Correct & Incorrect Techniques


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ERGO REMINDERS fromStretchbreak.com


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Evaluating the ergonomics practices

HR should evaluate the departments whether they are

following the ergonomics standards or not.

Audit should be carried for evaluating the ergonomicspractices.

It should be identified that which department needs the

ergonomics training.

Knowledge of each individual should be checked for whether

they have understood the effects of ergonomics.


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ergonimics final

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