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Leader-Member Exchange theory
LMX Theory Because of time pressure,leaders establish a special relationshipwith a small group (In group)and are more
likely to get special previleges
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Charismatic Leadership
Key Characteristics of Charismatic leaders1. Self Confidence- They have complete confidence in their judgment and ability.
2. A vision- This is an idealized goal that proposes a future better than the status quo. The greater the disparitybetween idealized goal and the status quo, the more likely that followers will attribute extraordinary vision to theleader.
3. Ability to articulate the vision- They are able to clarify and state the vision in terms that are understandableto others. This articulation demonstrates an understanding of the followers needs and, hence acts as amotivating force.
4. Strong convictions about vision- Charismatic leaders are perceived as being strongly committed, and willingto take on high personal risk, incur high costs, and engage in self-sacrifice to achieve their vision.
5. Behavior that is out of the ordinary- Those with charisma engage in behavior that is perceived as beingnovel, unconventional, and counter to norms. When successful , these behaviors evoke surprise and admirationin followers.
6. Perceived as being a change agent- Charismatic leaders are perceived as agents of radical change rather than as caretakers of the status quo.
7. Environmental sensitivity- These leaders are able to make realistic assessments of the environmentalconstraints and resources needed to bring about change.
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Transactional Leadership
A transactional leader recognises what wewant to get from the work and tries toensure that we get it if our performance
merits it .Exchanges rewards & promisesfor our effort .He is responsive toimmediate self interest if they can be met
by getting the work done
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Transformational Leadership
They raise level of awareness,Level of consciousness about the significance andvalue of the designated outcomes and
ways to reach them.Get the followerstranscend their self interest for the sake of team , organisation & larger polity.
Alters our need level & expand our rangeof wants & needs .He is a Change agent .
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Transactional vs Transformational leaders
Characteristics of Transactional and transformational leaders
Transactional Leaders Contingent Reward: Contracts exchange of rewards for effort, promises rewards for good
performance, recognizes accomplishment Management by exception (active): Watches and searches for deviations from rules and
standards, takes corrective action. Management by exception (passive): Intervenes only if standards are not met Laissez faire: Abdicates responsibilities, avoids making decisions
Transformational Leaders Charisma : Provides vision and sense of mission, instills pride, gains respect trust.
Inspiration: Communicates high expectations, uses symbols to focus efforts, expresses importantpurposes in simple ways.
Intellectual Stimulations : Promotes intelligence, rationality, and careful problem solving. Individualized consideration: Gives personal attention, treats each employee individually,
coaches, advises.
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Relative Distribution of Managers Activities
Traditional Management(32%)
Routine Communication(29%)
Human resources(20%)
Networking(19%)
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Interpersonal Skills
4. Communicationsupportively
5. Gaining power and influences
7. Managementconflict
6. Motivating others
Gaining power Exercise influenceEmpowering others
CoachingCounselingListening
Identifying causesSelecting appropriate strategiesResolving confrontations
Diagnosing poor performanceCreating a motivating environmentRewarding accomplishment
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ROLE OF A LEADER
Implemetation Innovation Realization Structuring Improvisation
Visualisation
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Leadership Style
Behavioural Approcah Situational Approach
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Behavioural Approach
Power Orientation Leadership as continuum Employee-Production Orientation Likerts management system Management Grid
Tri-Dimensional Grid
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Situational Approach
Fiedlers Contigency model Hersey & Blanchards situational Model Path-Goal Model
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Power Orientation
Autocratic Participative Free-Rein
I fl T ti U d b L d11.4
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Influence Tactics Used by Leaders Setting a good example Assertiveness Reason and logic Ingratiation Bargaining Coalition formation Joking and kidding
Characteristics of Effective Leaders11.5
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Characteristics of Effective Leaders1. Driven, high achievers, passionate
2. Possess a strong desire to control others
3. Self-confident
4. Trustworthy and honest
5. Smart, knowledgeable, technically competent
6. Sensitive to peoples needs and feelings
7. Sense of humor
8. Emotionally intelligent
Behaviors of Effective Leaders11.6
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Behaviors of Effective Leaders Adapt to the situation
Provide stable performance
Demand high standards of performance
Provide emotional support
Give frequent feedback
Have a strong customer orientation
Recover quickly from setbacks
Play the role of servant leader
Th L d hi C i11.7
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The Leadership Continuum
Amount of Authority Held by the Leader
Amount of Authority Held by Group Members
AutocraticStyle
ParticipativeStyle
Free-ReinStyle
Consultative Consensus Democratic
Adapted from Exhibit 11.5
Qualities of Transformational and
11.8
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Qualities of Transformational andCharismatic Leaders
Inspir etrust
Masterfulcommunicators
Intellectuallystimulating
Provideinspiration
Possessa vision
Energy andaction
orientation
Help groupmembers
feel capable
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SPRITUALITY & MNAGEMENT
Inner experience of the individual when hesenses a beyond.
Religion has a moral component andspirituality does not
Spiritual experience may contradictindividual religion
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Attending a sermon Printing religeous slogans Job by religion Making work a form of service Consultant from east
Practising meditation
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PATH OF SPIRITUALITY
Compassion Right Livlihood Selfless service Meditative work Problem Pluralism
Ferrel & Grishams 3 Ethical
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Ferrel & Grisham s 3 Ethicaldecision making
Individual factors Organisational factors Opportunity for action
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SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP
FIVE ELEMENTS
Self awarenessSelf RegulationMotivation
EmpathySocial Skills
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Secularism refers to professional valuewhich totally ignores the difference of caste ,colour,religion ,culture etc
Main characteristics of secular
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Main characteristics of secular values
Material & cultural improvement Respect & search for all the truths Maximize profit without discriminating workforce
More favourable for the organisation & society Decision on brotherhood Unity of world
Cultural & material welfare of human beings
MANAGEMENT BY SECULARISM
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HAS FOLLOWING RESULTS Workers are demoralisedLabour-management conflicts are frequentHuman welfare is neglectedThere is accumulation of wealthSoul is lost
Earning more money becomes major objective
SPIRITUAL VALUES
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SPIRITUAL VALUES
Self respect ,respect for God ,belief ingiving than taking ,respect for elders
Work is worship Control over mind Belief in religion
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What it means to be human ? What really means by growth ? What values & power distributions are
necessary ?
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Spiritual intelligence is defined as havingan ability to behave with compassion &wisdom regardless of circustances andestablishing inner & outer peace .
Spirituality spells sanity ,stability &sustainability and collaboration .It alsoincludes accurate self assessment,confidence ,initiative ,optimism ,socialawareness .Art of living
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Leadership can be defined as the ability toinfluence people to accomplice certaingoal .
Leadership from Kautilya & Confucius Spirituality & stress prevetion Spirituality in transformational leadership
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THANK YOU