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FERTILITY AND FECUNDITY
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KEY TERMSFertility: Refers to the actual reproductionA woman is fertile if she has born or is bearing offspringInfertility:one year of trying to conceive and being unsuccessfulFecundity:The Ability to reproduce; once a girl reaches menarche, she is fecund
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WHAT ARE SOME FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FERTILITY RATES?
ReligionCareersContraceptivesSocietal pressuresReproductive technologiesInfertilitySTDs
Low sperm countsDelaying childbirthGovernment ProgramsConflicts/WarWomen’s rights and EducationPovertyHIV/AIDS
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IMPACTS OF FERTIL ITY / INFERTILITY
What impacts do fertility and infertility have on couples?Birth control and family planningDecision on having childrenPressure society places on couples to reproduceThe choice is taken away from them (infertile)
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IMPACT ON SOCIETY
What impacts do fertility and infertility have on society?Decisions to have children affect fertility rates As birth rates decline our society ages places a greater burden on pension and health care systems Declining birth rates impact immigration rates as increasing immigration allows for population rates to remain stable
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WHAT AR E THE IM PACTS ON SO CIETY?
Overpopulation: Starvation, drain of water supplies and resources
Under population:Strain on society; burden on the young to support the elderly
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WORLD POPULATION TRENDS
1830s= 1 billion people100 years later = 2 billion 30 years later = 3 billion12.5 years later= world jumps from 4 billion to 5 In 2011 = 7 Billion In 2012 are we growing or declining?
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WORLD POPULATION TRENDS
Population rates are falling in both developed and developing countries95% of the world’s population growth is happening in the developing world. Even in the developing world, women are having fewer children Why?Contraceptive and the changing role of women
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TRENDSDeveloped Worlds:Immigration: need to allow huge numbers of immigrants to maintain a stable populationOnly the U.S. is replacing itself through high immigration and fertility Only Northwest Territories and Nunavut show birth rates above the replacement level (# of births required to maintain stable population)In Germany, Italy and Sweden= deaths outnumber births
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CASE STUDY
Read the case study on pages 177-178 and answer Questions 1 and 2