FERTILITY AND FECUNDITY

KEY TERMSFertility: Refers to the actual reproductionA woman is fertile if she has born or is bearing offspringInfertility:one year of trying to conceive and being unsuccessfulFecundity:The Ability to reproduce; once a girl reaches menarche, she is fecund

WHAT ARE SOME FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FERTILITY RATES?

ReligionCareersContraceptivesSocietal pressuresReproductive technologiesInfertilitySTDs

Low sperm countsDelaying childbirthGovernment ProgramsConflicts/WarWomen’s rights and EducationPovertyHIV/AIDS

IMPACTS OF FERTIL ITY / INFERTILITY

What impacts do fertility and infertility have on couples?Birth control and family planningDecision on having childrenPressure society places on couples to reproduceThe choice is taken away from them (infertile)

IMPACT ON SOCIETY

What impacts do fertility and infertility have on society?Decisions to have children affect fertility rates As birth rates decline our society ages places a greater burden on pension and health care systems Declining birth rates impact immigration rates as increasing immigration allows for population rates to remain stable

WHAT AR E THE IM PACTS ON SO CIETY?

Overpopulation: Starvation, drain of water supplies and resources

Under population:Strain on society; burden on the young to support the elderly

WORLD POPULATION TRENDS

1830s= 1 billion people100 years later = 2 billion 30 years later = 3 billion12.5 years later= world jumps from 4 billion to 5 In 2011 = 7 Billion In 2012 are we growing or declining?

WORLD POPULATION TRENDS

Population rates are falling in both developed and developing countries95% of the world’s population growth is happening in the developing world. Even in the developing world, women are having fewer children Why?Contraceptive and the changing role of women

TRENDSDeveloped Worlds:Immigration: need to allow huge numbers of immigrants to maintain a stable populationOnly the U.S. is replacing itself through high immigration and fertility Only Northwest Territories and Nunavut show birth rates above the replacement level (# of births required to maintain stable population)In Germany, Italy and Sweden= deaths outnumber births

CASE STUDY

Read the case study on pages 177-178 and answer Questions 1 and 2