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Fighting for Control
Unit 4 Chapter 8 Lesson 1
Pages 294-299
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OBJECTIVES
• Describe the fight to control North America.
• Describe how alliances between native Americans and colonists affected the French and Indian War.
• Explain the new laws passed after the French and Indian War.
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VOCABULARY
• Alliance – a formal agreement among groups or individuals.
• Delegates – representatives
• Parliament – the lawmaking branch of the British government
• Proclamation – public announcement
• Budget – plan for spending money
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The Ohio Valley
• Claimed by Britain and France• Along the Ohio River from the
Appalachians to the Mississippi River• British = trade & growth• French = connected land in New France &
New Orleans• 1750 – France sends soldiers to kick out the
British
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WAR
• 1754 – Starts in North America
• Spread to Europe
• Native Americans fought for both sides, but mostly for the French
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How did it all start?
• July 1754 – Colonial leaders meet at Albany, New York
• 7 Colonies sent delegates, Benjamin Franklin was one of them
• Franklin said colonies MUST unite to fight French• Plan was known as the Albany Plan of Union –
but not approved – colonists not ready to fight
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A month earlier
• Virginia sends George Washington to lead 150 soldiers to take Ohio Valley from French
• Battles were fought
• Fort Necessity built by Virginians
• July 3, 1754 – French attack and take over the fort.
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Fort Necessity Battle the 1st of the war
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HELP NEEDED
• Colonists asked Parliament for help
• They sent an army to help fight the French and their Native American Allies
• General Edward Braddock led the British
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British lose early battles
• April 1755 – Braddock takes 1,800 troops to attack Fort Duquesne
• Washington came as an advisor
• British – fight in open fields
• French – fight like Native Americans (hide in forests)
• Braddock is killed!
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British start making progress. . .
• Britain sends more troops and supplies
• Captured Fort Duquesne & other French forts
• Defeat French at Montreal & Quebec
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At home in Britain
• 1756 – French & British start fighting in Europe
• Spain joins sides with French
• British = stronger navy and defeat the Spanish in 1762
• France gives Spain most of Louisiana to make up for Spain’s losses
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Treaty of Paris
• 1763 – War ends
• Britain gains most of– Canada – all French lands east of the Mississippi River– Spanish Florida
• France losses most of their land in North America
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Still more trouble . . .
• British colonists wanted to move west and settle in what was once French land
• Native Americans not so open to this idea
• 1763 – Ottawa Chief Pontiac – unites Native Americans
• Attack British forts and British settlements around forts
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Proclamation of 1763
• King George III wants to end the fighting
• 1763 makes the Proclamation of 1763
• States: – All land west of the Appalachian Mountains
belong to Native Americans– White settlers in those lands were to leave
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WHAT????
• Colonists ignored the Proclamation of 1763.
• They had a right to that land
• They fought for it and were not moving
• So fighting continued with Native Americans
• Who does the King think he is anyway?????
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$$$$$
• Britain needs money to pay for the cost of the French and Indian War
• Parliament passes new taxes for the colonists to pay
• That should be fair, they fought the war for them anyway
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SUGAR ACT
• 1764 – Sugar Act passed to raise money
• Taxed sugar & molasses brought into the colonies from the West Indies
• This hurt mostly New England business
• (Remember the Triangular Trade)
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How did the French and Indian War change relations between the
colonists and British?
• Proclamation of 1763
• Sugar Act
• Both angered the colonists
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What events caused the French and Indian War?
• Land disputes between the French & British, mainly in the Ohio Valley
• The Battle of Fort Necessity
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Why do you think French soldiers chose to fight in the same was as
their Native American allies?
• They had learned that the Native American’s fighting style was better suited to the forested frontier.
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Cause and Effect
• CAUSE
• EFFECT Parliament passes the sugar act
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Cause and Effect
• CAUSE The British decide colonists should help pay for the war
• EFFECT Parliament passes the sugar act
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Cause and Effect
• CAUSE The Virginians build Fort Necessity in a disputed area.
• EFFECT
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Cause and Effect
• CAUSE The Virginians build Fort Necessity in a disputed area.
• EFFECT The French attack troops at Fort Necessity starting the French and Indian War
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