Fighting for Control

Unit 4 Chapter 8 Lesson 1

Pages 294-299

OBJECTIVES

• Describe the fight to control North America.

• Describe how alliances between native Americans and colonists affected the French and Indian War.

• Explain the new laws passed after the French and Indian War.

VOCABULARY

• Alliance – a formal agreement among groups or individuals.

• Delegates – representatives

• Parliament – the lawmaking branch of the British government

• Proclamation – public announcement

• Budget – plan for spending money

CONFLICTING CLAIMS

The Ohio Valley

• Claimed by Britain and France• Along the Ohio River from the

Appalachians to the Mississippi River• British = trade & growth• French = connected land in New France &

New Orleans• 1750 – France sends soldiers to kick out the

British

WAR

• 1754 – Starts in North America

• Spread to Europe

• Native Americans fought for both sides, but mostly for the French

How did it all start?

• July 1754 – Colonial leaders meet at Albany, New York

• 7 Colonies sent delegates, Benjamin Franklin was one of them

• Franklin said colonies MUST unite to fight French• Plan was known as the Albany Plan of Union –

but not approved – colonists not ready to fight

A month earlier

• Virginia sends George Washington to lead 150 soldiers to take Ohio Valley from French

• Battles were fought

• Fort Necessity built by Virginians

• July 3, 1754 – French attack and take over the fort.

Fort Necessity Battle the 1st of the war

HELP NEEDED

• Colonists asked Parliament for help

• They sent an army to help fight the French and their Native American Allies

• General Edward Braddock led the British

British lose early battles

• April 1755 – Braddock takes 1,800 troops to attack Fort Duquesne

• Washington came as an advisor

• British – fight in open fields

• French – fight like Native Americans (hide in forests)

• Braddock is killed!

British start making progress. . .

• Britain sends more troops and supplies

• Captured Fort Duquesne & other French forts

• Defeat French at Montreal & Quebec

At home in Britain

• 1756 – French & British start fighting in Europe

• Spain joins sides with French

• British = stronger navy and defeat the Spanish in 1762

• France gives Spain most of Louisiana to make up for Spain’s losses

Treaty of Paris

• 1763 – War ends

• Britain gains most of– Canada – all French lands east of the Mississippi River– Spanish Florida

• France losses most of their land in North America

Still more trouble . . .

• British colonists wanted to move west and settle in what was once French land

• Native Americans not so open to this idea

• 1763 – Ottawa Chief Pontiac – unites Native Americans

• Attack British forts and British settlements around forts

Proclamation of 1763

• King George III wants to end the fighting

• 1763 makes the Proclamation of 1763

• States: – All land west of the Appalachian Mountains

belong to Native Americans– White settlers in those lands were to leave

WHAT????

• Colonists ignored the Proclamation of 1763.

• They had a right to that land

• They fought for it and were not moving

• So fighting continued with Native Americans

• Who does the King think he is anyway?????

$$$$$

• Britain needs money to pay for the cost of the French and Indian War

• Parliament passes new taxes for the colonists to pay

• That should be fair, they fought the war for them anyway

SUGAR ACT

• 1764 – Sugar Act passed to raise money

• Taxed sugar & molasses brought into the colonies from the West Indies

• This hurt mostly New England business

• (Remember the Triangular Trade)

How did the French and Indian War change relations between the

colonists and British?

• Proclamation of 1763

• Sugar Act

• Both angered the colonists

What events caused the French and Indian War?

• Land disputes between the French & British, mainly in the Ohio Valley

• The Battle of Fort Necessity

Why do you think French soldiers chose to fight in the same was as

their Native American allies?

• They had learned that the Native American’s fighting style was better suited to the forested frontier.

Cause and Effect

• CAUSE

• EFFECT Parliament passes the sugar act

Cause and Effect

• CAUSE The British decide colonists should help pay for the war

• EFFECT Parliament passes the sugar act

Cause and Effect

• CAUSE The Virginians build Fort Necessity in a disputed area.

• EFFECT

Cause and Effect

• CAUSE The Virginians build Fort Necessity in a disputed area.

• EFFECT The French attack troops at Fort Necessity starting the French and Indian War