Download - Friday December 14 th 2012
Friday December 14th 2012QU: Why do we breathe?
**Need book the rest of the Unit***Final Review is online!!*
OBJ: S.M. Q’s, Types of energy and uses, Over Test
“Cockroaches can live for 9 days after their head has been cut off.”
Monday December 17th 2012
QU: What is the word equation for cellular respiration?
**Turn in Energy Homework to HW Bin***CR Project Due at the End of the Hour
WedNesday*
OBJ: C.R. Notes and C.R. Project
“The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.”
Cellular RespirationWho? Why? Where? What?
In what organisms does cellular respiration take place?
(WHO?)
Plants and Animals…
Plants - Autotrophs: ◦self-producers.
Animals - Heterotrophs: ◦consumers.
Why do we care about Cellular Respiration?
WHY?
We eat complex foods with large molecules.◦These foods are full of energy BUT our body is
not prepared to use the energy in that state. We have to change it……
WHY? (cont.)
Solution: Our body digests macromolecules into their monomers.◦Main focus for this class: carbohydrates into
glucose.Then cellular respiration retrieves the
glucose and takes over!!
WHY? (cont.)
Cellular respiration’s main function◦Turn glucose into useable ATP
◦38 ATP per Glucose molecule ◦Also forms carbon dioxide and water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (Glucose) (ATP)
Where does Cellular Respiration occur?
WHERE?
Cellular Respiration occurs in the…◦Cytoplasm
Glycolysis---Cytosol (Cytoplasm)◦Mitochondria
Krebs Cycle—Mitochondrial Matrix Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase---Inner
Mitochondrial Membrane
WHERE? (cont.)
Innermembrane
Outermembrane
Innermembrane space
MatrixCristae
What happens in Cellular Respiration?
WHAT?
Cellular Respiration:◦catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O2) requiring
process that uses energy to extract energy (ATP) from macromolecules (glucose). Catabolic: Rxn that breaks molecules down Makes CO2 and H2O as well as energy (ATP)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (Glucose) (ATP)
AMP, ADP, ATP
Adenosine Tri-Phospate:◦Made of three things
1.) Ribose (sugar) 2.) Adenosine (base) 3.) Three phosphates
◦ Key to the activity of ATP
AMP, ADP, ATP
ATP works by losing the endmost phosphate group when instructed to do so by an enzyme.
As the molecule goes from ATP to ADP to AMP it loses a phosphate.
◦With each lost phosphate more energy is released
This reaction releases a lot of energy, which the organism can then use to build proteins, contact muscles, etc
ATP to ADP To ADP releases energy
AMP
ADP
ATP
HOW: Steps of Cellular RespirationGlycolysis and Krebs Cycle
and Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Tuesday December 18th 2012QU: How is energy released from the ATP?
*CR Project Due Weds. at the end of the hour*Absent yesterday? Turn in your HW from Friday
OBJ: C.R. Notes and C.R. Project
“The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.”
WHAT? (cont.)
Cellular Respiration is broken into three main parts.◦1.) Glycolysis: splits sugar (glucose)◦2.) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Extracts the
energy from glucose◦3.) Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase:
Turns the energy into ATP for the body to use
**In total makes 38 ATP**
Glycolysis
Occurs in the cytoplasm just outside of mitochondria.
Two phases:
A. Energy investment phase-Put energy in
B. Energy yielding phase-Get energy out
Glycolysis: Step 1
Energy Investment Phase: must put in 2 molecules of ATP to start Cellular Respiration
Glucose (6C)
Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C) (G3P or GAP)
2 ATP - used0 ATP - produced0 NADH - produced
2ATP
2ADP + 2P
C-C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C C-C-C
Glycolysis: Step 2
Energy Yielding Phase: Rewarded for your investment by 4 ATP molecules
Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C)
Pyruvate (2 - 3C)
0 ATP - used4 ATP - produced2 NADH - produced
4ATP
4ADP + 4P
C-C-C C-C-C
C-C-C C-C-C
GAP GAP
(PYR) (PYR)
Glycolysis: The final picture
Total Net Yield:
2 - 3C-Pyruvate (PYR)2 - ATP(You put in two ATP and made for so total you have is 2 ATP)
2 - NADH
“The In-between”
The 2 Pyruvates (PYR) (3 Carbons) lose one carbon each.
Now they each have only 2 carbons and are called Acetyl CoA
C-C-C C-C-C (PYR) (PYR)
C-C C-CAcetyl CoA Acetyl CoA
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
Acetyl CoA (2C) bonds to Oxalacetic acid (4C - OAA) to make Citrate (6C).
It takes 2 turns of the krebs cycle to oxidize 1 glucose molecule.◦Oxidize: remove electrons for energy
MitochondrialMatrix
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Total net yield (2 turns of krebs cycle)
1. 2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation)-Substrate-level phosphorylation: when phosphates are
added directly to a molecule of ADP or AMP to make ATP
2. 6 – NADH
3. 2 - FADH2
4. 4 - CO2
2 x around = Krebs Cycle
KrebsCycle
2 Acetyl CoA (2C)
6 NAD+
6 NADH2 FAD
2 FADH2
2 ATP2 ADP + P
OAA (4C)Citrate (6C)
4 CO2
Steps of Cellular RespirationElectron Transport Chain (ETC)and Oxidative Phosphorylation
WedNesday December 19th 2012QU:
OBJ: C.R. Notes and Project
“In 1845 Boston had an ordinance banning bathing unless you had a doctor's prescription.”
Step Location Net Gain of ATPs
1.
2.
*CR Project Due Today at the end of the hour***CR Quiz on Friday**
***Journals Due Friday***
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Location: inner mitochondrial membrane.
ETC and ATP Synthase (enzyme) make ATP.
ETC is a series of transport proteins that pump H+ and electrons across the inner membrane to make ATP and Water.
InnerMitochondrialMembrane
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
All NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration.
Each NADH converts to 3 ATP.
Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP.
Water is also made
Oxidative Phosphorylation: ATP synthesized from a proton gradient using electron pumps and ATP Synthase
Electron Transport Chain
Total ATP Yield…
Total ATP Yield
1. 04 ATP – Glycolysis and Krebs cycle2. 34 ATP - ETC 38 ATP – TOTAL NET Yield
ETC Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbJ0nbzt5Kw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Thursday December 20th 2012
QU:
OBJ: Cellular Respiration Webquest
Stage of Cellular Respiration
Location of Stage
# of ATPs Produced (Net Gain)
*Quiz tomorrow***Bring Book the Rest of the Unit**
*Test on the Weds. You Return*
Friday December 21st 2012
QU: What is the equation for Cellular Respiration?
**Bring Book the Rest of the Unit***Test on the Weds. You Return*
OBJ: C.R. Quiz, Over Energy, Review
Monday January 7th 2013
QU:
**Cellular Respiration Test on WedNesday***Make-up Quiz today after school or
tomorrow before school*
OBJ: Cellular Respiration Review
Stage of Cellular Respiration
Location of Stage
# of ATPs Produced (Net Gain)
Binder Organization: Ch 7
SyllabusWord SearchChapter 7 Section 1 NotesCellular Respiration ProjectCellular Respiration WebquestCellular Respiration and Fermentation ReviewCellular Respiration Graphic OrganizerCellular Respiration Practice QuizCellular Respiration Hand Written Notes
Tuesday January 8th 2013
QU: What is one question you still have about cellular respiration?
**Chapter Review Due tomorrow***Binder Due Tomorrow*
OBJ: Cellular Respiration Review
WedNesday January 9th 2013
QU: How did you study for this test?
**Chapter Review to the HW Bin***Binder to my Lab Table*
OBJ: Cellular Respiration Test