friday december 14 th 2012
DESCRIPTION
QU: Why do we breathe? **Need book the rest of the Unit** *Final Review is online!!* OBJ: S.M. Q’s, Types of energy and uses, Over Test. Friday December 14 th 2012. “Cockroaches can live for 9 days after their head has been cut off.”. QU: What is the word equation for cellular respiration? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Friday December 14th 2012QU: Why do we breathe?
**Need book the rest of the Unit***Final Review is online!!*
OBJ: S.M. Q’s, Types of energy and uses, Over Test
“Cockroaches can live for 9 days after their head has been cut off.”
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Monday December 17th 2012
QU: What is the word equation for cellular respiration?
**Turn in Energy Homework to HW Bin***CR Project Due at the End of the Hour
WedNesday*
OBJ: C.R. Notes and C.R. Project
“The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.”
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Cellular RespirationWho? Why? Where? What?
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In what organisms does cellular respiration take place?
(WHO?)
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Plants and Animals…
Plants - Autotrophs: ◦self-producers.
Animals - Heterotrophs: ◦consumers.
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Why do we care about Cellular Respiration?
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WHY?
We eat complex foods with large molecules.◦These foods are full of energy BUT our body is
not prepared to use the energy in that state. We have to change it……
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WHY? (cont.)
Solution: Our body digests macromolecules into their monomers.◦Main focus for this class: carbohydrates into
glucose.Then cellular respiration retrieves the
glucose and takes over!!
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WHY? (cont.)
Cellular respiration’s main function◦Turn glucose into useable ATP
◦38 ATP per Glucose molecule ◦Also forms carbon dioxide and water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (Glucose) (ATP)
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Where does Cellular Respiration occur?
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WHERE?
Cellular Respiration occurs in the…◦Cytoplasm
Glycolysis---Cytosol (Cytoplasm)◦Mitochondria
Krebs Cycle—Mitochondrial Matrix Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase---Inner
Mitochondrial Membrane
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WHERE? (cont.)
Innermembrane
Outermembrane
Innermembrane space
MatrixCristae
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What happens in Cellular Respiration?
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WHAT?
Cellular Respiration:◦catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O2) requiring
process that uses energy to extract energy (ATP) from macromolecules (glucose). Catabolic: Rxn that breaks molecules down Makes CO2 and H2O as well as energy (ATP)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (Glucose) (ATP)
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AMP, ADP, ATP
Adenosine Tri-Phospate:◦Made of three things
1.) Ribose (sugar) 2.) Adenosine (base) 3.) Three phosphates
◦ Key to the activity of ATP
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AMP, ADP, ATP
ATP works by losing the endmost phosphate group when instructed to do so by an enzyme.
As the molecule goes from ATP to ADP to AMP it loses a phosphate.
◦With each lost phosphate more energy is released
This reaction releases a lot of energy, which the organism can then use to build proteins, contact muscles, etc
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ATP to ADP To ADP releases energy
AMP
ADP
ATP
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HOW: Steps of Cellular RespirationGlycolysis and Krebs Cycle
and Substrate Level Phosphorylation
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Tuesday December 18th 2012QU: How is energy released from the ATP?
*CR Project Due Weds. at the end of the hour*Absent yesterday? Turn in your HW from Friday
OBJ: C.R. Notes and C.R. Project
“The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.”
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WHAT? (cont.)
Cellular Respiration is broken into three main parts.◦1.) Glycolysis: splits sugar (glucose)◦2.) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Extracts the
energy from glucose◦3.) Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase:
Turns the energy into ATP for the body to use
**In total makes 38 ATP**
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Glycolysis
Occurs in the cytoplasm just outside of mitochondria.
Two phases:
A. Energy investment phase-Put energy in
B. Energy yielding phase-Get energy out
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Glycolysis: Step 1
Energy Investment Phase: must put in 2 molecules of ATP to start Cellular Respiration
Glucose (6C)
Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C) (G3P or GAP)
2 ATP - used0 ATP - produced0 NADH - produced
2ATP
2ADP + 2P
C-C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C C-C-C
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Glycolysis: Step 2
Energy Yielding Phase: Rewarded for your investment by 4 ATP molecules
Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C)
Pyruvate (2 - 3C)
0 ATP - used4 ATP - produced2 NADH - produced
4ATP
4ADP + 4P
C-C-C C-C-C
C-C-C C-C-C
GAP GAP
(PYR) (PYR)
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Glycolysis: The final picture
Total Net Yield:
2 - 3C-Pyruvate (PYR)2 - ATP(You put in two ATP and made for so total you have is 2 ATP)
2 - NADH
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“The In-between”
The 2 Pyruvates (PYR) (3 Carbons) lose one carbon each.
Now they each have only 2 carbons and are called Acetyl CoA
C-C-C C-C-C (PYR) (PYR)
C-C C-CAcetyl CoA Acetyl CoA
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Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
Acetyl CoA (2C) bonds to Oxalacetic acid (4C - OAA) to make Citrate (6C).
It takes 2 turns of the krebs cycle to oxidize 1 glucose molecule.◦Oxidize: remove electrons for energy
MitochondrialMatrix
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Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Total net yield (2 turns of krebs cycle)
1. 2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation)-Substrate-level phosphorylation: when phosphates are
added directly to a molecule of ADP or AMP to make ATP
2. 6 – NADH
3. 2 - FADH2
4. 4 - CO2
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2 x around = Krebs Cycle
KrebsCycle
2 Acetyl CoA (2C)
6 NAD+
6 NADH2 FAD
2 FADH2
2 ATP2 ADP + P
OAA (4C)Citrate (6C)
4 CO2
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Steps of Cellular RespirationElectron Transport Chain (ETC)and Oxidative Phosphorylation
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WedNesday December 19th 2012QU:
OBJ: C.R. Notes and Project
“In 1845 Boston had an ordinance banning bathing unless you had a doctor's prescription.”
Step Location Net Gain of ATPs
1.
2.
*CR Project Due Today at the end of the hour***CR Quiz on Friday**
***Journals Due Friday***
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Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Location: inner mitochondrial membrane.
ETC and ATP Synthase (enzyme) make ATP.
ETC is a series of transport proteins that pump H+ and electrons across the inner membrane to make ATP and Water.
InnerMitochondrialMembrane
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Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
All NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration.
Each NADH converts to 3 ATP.
Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP.
Water is also made
Oxidative Phosphorylation: ATP synthesized from a proton gradient using electron pumps and ATP Synthase
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Electron Transport Chain
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Total ATP Yield…
Total ATP Yield
1. 04 ATP – Glycolysis and Krebs cycle2. 34 ATP - ETC 38 ATP – TOTAL NET Yield
ETC Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbJ0nbzt5Kw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
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Thursday December 20th 2012
QU:
OBJ: Cellular Respiration Webquest
Stage of Cellular Respiration
Location of Stage
# of ATPs Produced (Net Gain)
*Quiz tomorrow***Bring Book the Rest of the Unit**
*Test on the Weds. You Return*
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Friday December 21st 2012
QU: What is the equation for Cellular Respiration?
**Bring Book the Rest of the Unit***Test on the Weds. You Return*
OBJ: C.R. Quiz, Over Energy, Review
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Monday January 7th 2013
QU:
**Cellular Respiration Test on WedNesday***Make-up Quiz today after school or
tomorrow before school*
OBJ: Cellular Respiration Review
Stage of Cellular Respiration
Location of Stage
# of ATPs Produced (Net Gain)
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Binder Organization: Ch 7
SyllabusWord SearchChapter 7 Section 1 NotesCellular Respiration ProjectCellular Respiration WebquestCellular Respiration and Fermentation ReviewCellular Respiration Graphic OrganizerCellular Respiration Practice QuizCellular Respiration Hand Written Notes
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Tuesday January 8th 2013
QU: What is one question you still have about cellular respiration?
**Chapter Review Due tomorrow***Binder Due Tomorrow*
OBJ: Cellular Respiration Review
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WedNesday January 9th 2013
QU: How did you study for this test?
**Chapter Review to the HW Bin***Binder to my Lab Table*
OBJ: Cellular Respiration Test