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Gas Laws
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Gas Pressure
Gas pressure is the result of gas particles colliding with the walls of the container If the volume and temperature of the
container is constant: If gas is added, pressure increases If gas is removed, pressure decreases
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Gas Pressure
Gas molecules move from an area of higher pressure to area of lower pressure Opening a can/bottle of soda
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Gas Laws Predict the behavior of gases based on
four properties:1. Amount of gas (moles)
2. Pressure
3. Temperature
4. Volume
If one of these properties change, the others change as well.
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Boyle’s Law
Irish Chemist Noticed there is an inverse relationship
between the pressure and volume of a gas if the temperature and moles of the gas are
constant If pressure increases, volume decreases If volume increases, pressure decreases
P1V1 = P2V2
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Boyle’s Law Continued
P1V1 = P2V2
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Practice
1. Air in a container occupies 145.7 mL at 1.08 atm. What volume must the container be to have a pressure of 1.43 atm?
110.04 mL
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Practice
1. A balloon filled with He has a volume of 4.0L has a pressure of 210 kPa. If the balloon is compressed to 2.5 L, what will the pressure of He inside the balloon?
Answer: 336 kPa
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Practice
1. The volume of a gas at 99.0 kPa is 300 mL. If the pressure is increased to 188 kPa, what is the new volume?
Answer: 157.9 mL
2. The pressure of a sample of He in a 1.00 L container is 0.988 atm. What is the new pressure if the sample is placed in a 2.00 L container?Answer: 0.494 atm
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Kelvin Scale and Charles’ Law
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Temperature Scales SI scale: degree Celsius (°C) or Kelvin (K) English scale: degree Fahrenheit (°F)
°C + 273 = Temperature in Kelvin Kelvin – 273 = temperature in °C
Kelvin scale is based off the Celsius scale. At 0 K all matter is believed to stop moving
Absolute Zero
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Charles’ Law Jacque Charles- French
Physicist
Noticed that the volume of the a gas increased when it is heated, under constant pressure
Direct relationship between temperature and volume
V
T
V
T1
1
2
2
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Charles’ Law
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Practice
1. A gas sample at 40.0°C occupies 2.32 L. If the temperature is raised to 75°C, what is the volume of the gas if pressure is constant?
Answer: 4.35 L
2. A gas at 89°C occupies 0.67 L. If the volume is increased to 1.12 L, what the temperature be in degree Celsius?
Answer: 148.77 °C
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Practice
3. The Celsius temperature of a 300 L sample of gas is lowered from 80.0 °C to 30.0 °C. What will be the resulting volume of this gas?
Answer: 112.5 L
4. What is the volume of the air in a balloon that occupies 0.620 L at 25 °C if the temperature is lowered to 0.00 °C. (convert temps. to Kelvin)
Answer: 0.568 L
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Lussac’s Law
Joseph Gay-Lussac explored the relationship between temperature and pressure.
Direct relationship
P
T
P
T1
1
2
2
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Practice1. A gas in a sealed container has a pressure
of 123 kPa at 30.0°C. If the pressure is increased to 201 kPa, what is the new temperature?
Answer: 49.02°C
2. The pressure in an automobile tire is 1.88 atm at 25°C. What will be the pressure if the temperature warms to 37°C?
Answer: 2.78 atm
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Combined Gas Law Combines Boyle’s, Charles’s, and Lussac’s Laws. Shows the relationship between temperature,
pressure, and volume if the amount of gas is held constant.
P1V1 = P2V2 PV
T
PV
T1 1
1
2 2
2
P
T
P
T1
1
2
2
V
T
V
T1
1
2
2
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Pratice
1. A He filled balloon at sea level has a volume of 2.1L at 0.998 atm and 36°C. If it released and rises to an elevation at which the pressure is 0.900 atm and the temperature is 28°C, what will be the new volume of the balloon?
Answer: 1.81L
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Practice
2. At 0.00°C and 1.00 atm pressure, a sample of gas occupies 30.0 mL. If the temperature increased to 30.0°C and the entire gas sample is transferred to a 20.0 mL container, what will the gas pressure inside the container?
Answer: 1.66 atm
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Ideal Gas Law
The properties of a gas under ideal conditions
PV=nRT
P- pressure (atm or kPa)V- volume (L)n- moles of gas (moles)R- ideal gas constant T- temperature (K)
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What is the Ideal Gas Constant? Determined by a series of experiments Relates pressure, volume, temperature, and moles. 2 Ideal Gas Constants
0.0821 8.314
Which one do you use? Based on pressure units
If pressure in atm use 0.0821 If pressure in kPa use 8.314
L atm
mol K
L kPa
mol K
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Practice
1. Calculate the number of moles of a gas in a 3.0 L vessel at 300.K with a pressure of 1.50 atm.
PV nRT
n
n moles
( )( . ) ( . )( . )
.
300 30 0 0821 150
018
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Practice
1. If the pressure exerted by a gas at 25°C in a volume of 0.044 L is 3.81atm, how many moles of gas are present?
Answer: 0.00685 mol
2. Determine the Celsius temperature of 2.49 moles of gas contained in a 1 L vessel at a pressure of 143 kPa.
Answer: 6.9 K= -266°C
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Practice
3. Calculate the volume that a 0.323 mol sample of a gas will occupy at 265 K and a pressure of 0.900 atm.
Answer: 7.8 L
4. What is the pressure in atmospheres of a 0.108 mol sample of He gas at a temperature of 20°C if its volume is 0.505L?
Answer: 5.144 atm
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Equations and Information
PV=nRTR= 0.0821 R= 8.314
R= 62.4
L atm
mol K
L kPa
mol K
L mmHg
mol K
PV
T
PV
T1 1
1
2 2
2
P
T
P
T1
1
2
2
V
T
V
T1
1
2
2
P1V1 = P2V2
1 atm = 101.3 kPa1 atm = 760 mmHgConvert All Temperatures To
Kelvin