![Page 1: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY
1. INTRODUCTION2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY
(ARTHROLOGY)4. GENERAL MYOLOGY5. GENERAL ANGILOGY6. GENERAL NEUROLOGY
![Page 2: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY IS THE BRANCH OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE WHICH DEALS WITH THE FORM AND STRUCTURE OF ORGANISMS. CLOSE CORELATION WITH PHYSIOLOGY, WHICH TREATS OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE BODY.
![Page 3: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
NATURE SCIENCES
*ABIOLOGI (physis, mathematic)
*BIOLOGI : $ fisiology $ morphology: .anatomy phytotomy : plants zootomy : embryology hystology
![Page 4: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ANATOMI
ANATEM (YUNANI): cutting apart or dissociation of part of the body
ANATOMY in the earlier phase of development anatomy was necessarily a purely descriptive science, based on such observation as were possible with unaided eyes and simple dissecting instruments – scalpel, forceps, and the like.
![Page 5: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
GENERAL ANATOMY GENERAL ANATOMY
• MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY ( GROSS ANATOMY)
• MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY ( HISTOLOGY = TISSUE SCIENCE)
![Page 6: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
THE DEVELOPMENT & GROWTH THE DEVELOPMENT & GROWTH OF THE ORGANISMOF THE ORGANISM
• EMBRYOLOGY : the earlier phase of development of organism during which the tissue and organ are formed: fertilisation – foetus - partus
• ONTOGENY: study of the development of the individual organism
• FILOGENY (ancestral history) : is constituted by the evolutionary changes which it has undergone, as disclosed by geological record.
![Page 7: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ORGANISM AS THE OBJECT OF THE STUDY
*SPECIAL ANATOMY : is the description of the structure of a single or species : anthropotomy, kinotomy dan hippotomy* COMPARATIVE ANATOMY :is the description and comparison of the structure of animals
![Page 8: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
HOW TO STUDY ANATOMY?
1
11
1
1
SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY APPLIED ANATOMY
![Page 9: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY Osteology Syndesmology Myology Splanchnology Angiology Neurology Aesthesiology Sense organs Common integument
![Page 10: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
NOMENCLATURE (NAV, 1972)
Until 1895 there was no general agreement on the nomenclature of human or veterinary anatomy. Each nation had its own systemof terminology.
The first international Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria was published in 1968.
![Page 11: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
AGREEMENT IN THE N.A.V
1. Aside from a very limited number of exception, each anatomical concept should be designated by a single term.
Each term should be in Latin in the official list, but the anatomists of each country are free to translate the official Latin terms into the language of instruction.
![Page 12: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3. each term should be as short and simple as possible.
4. The term should be easy to remember and should have, above all, instructive and discriptive value.
5. Structure that are closely related topographically should have similar names; exp: arteria femoralis, vena femoralis, nervus femoralis.
![Page 13: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
6. Differentiating adjectives should generally be opposites, as major and minor, superficial and profundus.
7. Term derived from proper names (eponyms) should not be used.
![Page 14: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
DESCRIPTIVE TERM IN LATIN
THIS TERM USE IN THE BODY Dorsal Ventral Cranial Caudal anal
dorsal
ventral
cranialcaudal
![Page 15: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The terms cranialis and caudalis apply to to the neck, trunk, tail, and the limb as far distally as the end of the antebrachium and crus.
The terms dorsalis and palmaris are used on the manus, and dorsalis and plantaris on the pes.
On the head the term rostralis, caudalis, dorsalis and ventralis are preferred, with terms anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior used in few location, such as eye ball, eyelids,and inner ear.
![Page 16: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Medialis and lateralis are used on the whole body, except that axialis and abaxialis designate the sides of the digits in domestics mammals other than the horse.
![Page 17: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Axis LONGUM
![Page 18: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Proximal - distal
Proximal: the direction go upDistal : the direction go down
![Page 19: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cranial/rostral - aboral
rostral
oral
aboral
![Page 20: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ANATOMICAL DESCRIPTION
dorsal
ventral
caudal
cranial
anal
CRANIAL
![Page 21: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
This term only in the skull
Oral Apical Aboral Nuchal Anterior posterior
Superior Inferior
![Page 22: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Extremities (thoracic and pelvic limb)
Proximal Distal Dorsal Volar Palmar plantar Ulnar Radial
fibular Tibial Lateral Medial Median Sagittal Transversal horizontal
![Page 23: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Plana median
Median: devided the body in the median
plane bilateral simetrical.
![Page 24: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
SAGITTAL
Cutting the body in the paralel ways with the median plane.
![Page 25: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
THE DIRECTION ORIENTATION
Dexter Sinister Externus Internus Profundus Superficialis Transversus longitudinal
Ecto Meso Endo Epi Peri Dia Hypo dan Hyper basis dan apex margo
![Page 26: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
CONDITION OF THE BONE
Magnus Brevis Major/ majus Minor/ minus Dorum Molle Supra dan infra
![Page 27: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
MORPHOLOGY OF BONE
facies Fovea Facialis Fascia Foramen Sulcus Fasciculus canalis
Cavum Caverna(cavernosus) Caput Condylus Collum Spina Crista incissura
![Page 28: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
PROC TRANSVERSUS
Proc transversus
![Page 29: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
PROC SPINOSUS
Proc spinosus
![Page 30: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
RADIOLOGY ANATOMY
X RAY was invented in 1895 by CONRAD ROENTGEN.
It useful for diagnosis, treatments and research.
To be proficient in radiographic interpretation, one must first have some knowledge of the anatomy of the region x-rayed.
![Page 31: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Three elements in x-ray shadow
1.AIR : in mouth, nose, paranasal sinuses, trachea, lungs, stomach, small intestine of the nursing individual, colon, and rectum.
2. WATER: in the blood (large vessels) and blood filled organs, such as liver, spleen and kidneys, and the urine-filled bladder.
3. MINERALS:primary significance, the calcium found in bones. Bone has calcium content & high radiopacity
![Page 32: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Developmental anatomy
FERTILISASI ZYGOTE (mitosis: cleavage) MORULA BLASTULA GASTRULA devide into 3:
- ectoderm : external layerskin & nerve
- endoderm: internal layer viscera - mesoderm: cells between external and
internal layers muscles&bone
![Page 33: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
THE FUNCTION OF THE FUNCTION OF SKELETONSKELETON
• To support the bodyTo support the body
• To give the body formTo give the body form
• To protect the soft and weak tissueTo protect the soft and weak tissue
• As a passive locomotionAs a passive locomotion
• As a place for attachment of the As a place for attachment of the musclesmuscles
• To produce blood.To produce blood.
• As chemical reservoir agents: Ca & PAs chemical reservoir agents: Ca & P
![Page 34: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
THE AMOUNT of THE BONES
Every breed have different amountexamples: horse 205 bones
catlle 191 – 193 bones
chicken 160 bones
human 206 bones (old), 270 (
baby)
This condition is depend on: breed & age
![Page 36: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
POSITION of the SKELETONPOSITION of the SKELETON
Axial skeletonAxial skeleton Appendix skeletonAppendix skeleton Visceral skeleton :Visceral skeleton :
example: example: os penis : dog & catos penis : dog & cat
os cordis : sapios cordis : sapi
os glandis : catos glandis : cat
os hyodeus: vertebrataos hyodeus: vertebrata
![Page 37: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
ACCORDING TO THE SHAPE OF THE BONES
OSSA LONGA OSSA PLANA OSSA BREVIA OSSA IRREGULARIA
![Page 38: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
OSSA LONGA(long bones)
![Page 39: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Ossa plana(flat bones)
![Page 40: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
OSSA BREVIA(short bones)
![Page 41: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
OSSA IRREGULARIA
![Page 42: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
DEVELOPMENT OF THE BONES(osteogenesis)
1.osteogenesis intramembranosa (desmalis = primer): mesenchym cells osteoblast osteocyt matrix become jelly & solid (osteoid) calcification punctum ossification.
2. osteogenesis intracartilagenosa (enchondralis = secundair):
it begin with cartilago: mesenchym cells chondroblast chondrocyt (fill according the length of the bone) ossification.
Osteoblast : cells that destroy the bone cells which already done in order to have good shape.
![Page 43: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
ossification center
DEVELOPMENT : interstitial development
( from the middle of the tissue) appostitional development
(from the lateral, usually from perichondrium or periosteum become mass bone)
![Page 44: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
PUNCTUM OSSIFICATION VERTEBRATA post natal
group I horse none cattle none sheep none
group II human 31 rabbit 32 dog 34 cat 34 pig 3 Guinea pig 3
![Page 45: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Maturity 1. sex maturity : genital organ
already have their function properly. ♂: wet dreams & ♀: menstruation
2. body maturity : all the bones already done (don’t have any punctum ossification ossification has alredy finished means the growth stop.
![Page 46: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Sexual & body maturity
Breed sex mature body mature horse 1 thn 4-5 thn cattle 5-9 bln 4-5 thn Sheep/goat 6 bln 4-5 thn pig 3-4 bln 4-7 thn dog 8 bln 1,5-2 thn
![Page 47: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Structure of the bonesmacroscopic structuremicroscopic structurephysical and chemical structure
![Page 48: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE
SUBSTANSIA SPONGIOSA
SUBSTANSIA COMPACTA
![Page 49: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Mass and spons bones
os compact
os spongiosa
![Page 50: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
long bone
DIAPHISA EPIPHYSA
![Page 51: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
SINUS :spaces within the compact substance instead of spongy bone, and marrow ossa pneumatica, the cavities(sinus) are lined with mucous membrane; they communicate indirectly with the external air
SINUS
![Page 52: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Phisik os longa
capsula cartilago
Osseousepiphysis
epiphise plate
Osseousmetaphisis
![Page 53: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
CHEMICAL & PHYSICALLY STRUCTURE
• chemic: organic : anorganic 1:2• composition : gelatin 33,30% calcium phosphat 57,35% calcium carbonat 3,85% magnesium phosphat 2,05% natrium carbonat& clorida 3,45%
![Page 54: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Supporting of the bones
• Periosteum / endosteum: it can make a new layer outside and inside of
the bone
• Soft bone (cartilago): it useful for joints shock absorbens between 2 bones.
• Tendon, ligamentum: elastic tissue that fix between 2 bones or with muscles.
![Page 55: GENERAL VETERINARY ANATOMY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY 3. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY (ARTHROLOGY) 4. GENERAL MYOLOGY 5. GENERAL ANGILOGY 6. GENERAL](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/56649e4b5503460f94b3fb69/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
JOINTS BETWEEN BONES(juncturae ossium)• JOINTS = syndesmology• requirements: 1. articular surface 2. cartilago 3. capsula synoviale 4. ligamentum 5. discus and meniscus 6. marginal cartilago (labrum gleniodale, acetabulare)