Download - GIS TUTORIAL 1
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GIS TUTORIAL 1
Lecture 1Introduction to GIS
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Outline
GIS overview
GIS data and layers
GIS applications and examples
Software overview
GIS tutorial 1 overview
2GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
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GIS OVERVIEWLecture 1
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What is GIS? Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are
computerized systems designed for the storage, retrieval and analysis of geographically referenced data
GIS uses advanced analytical tools to explore at a scientific level the spatial relationships, patterns, and processes of cultural, biological, demographic, economic, geographic, and physical phenomena
4GIS TUTORIAL 1 - Basic Workbook
Gotthat?
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Tools for GIS Hardware
Computer Digitizer Scanner Printer/Plotter
Software Desktop GIS Internet GIS CAD Software Database Software
Multimedia (photos, videos, 3D models)
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Unique capabilities of GIS GIS stores related geographic
features in separate collections of files called map layers
Map layers can be reused easily and assembled into any number of map compositions and overlaid for analysis
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GIS answers the following
Location: What is at...? Where is it?
Condition: Status of features?
Trends: What has changed since...?
Patterns: What spatial patterns exist?
Modeling: What if…?
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Scale of GIS data
Global to local
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Vector data Map features
Points, lines, polygons
Feature attributes Every feature has attributes (e.g. name,
area, population)
Shape Name Class Pop2000 State
Point New York City 8,008,278 NY
Point Los Angeles City 3,694,820 CA
Point Chicago City 2,896,016 IL
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Raster DataStored electronic image or picture taken as an aerial photograph or satellite image
Composed of a rectangular array of square cells, called pixels, with a number in each cell representing the solid color fill of that cell
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GIS DATA AND LAYERSLecture 1
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GIS example Identify polluting companies and their
proximity to populations in poverty, water features, or schools.
Start with Databases Map layers
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Databases
Not easy to interpret
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Data shown as GIS layers
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Additional layers
Political features (municipalities)
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Additional layers
Physical features (lakes, rivers, etc.)
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Additional layers
Administrative data (schools)
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Maps and tables are interactive
Identify features
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Maps and tables are interactive
Select features
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Advanced GIS functions
Proximity selections
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Advanced GIS functions
Buffers Select top polluting companies and show the
number of schools within 2 miles of these companies.
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GIS APPLICATIONS AND EXAMPLES
Lecture 1
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GIS applicationsA/E/C Civil engineering, surveying.
Business Site location, delivery systems, marketing, media and press, real estate.
Defense/intelligence Military operations, geospatial intelligence
Government Federal, state, local, economic development, elections, urban and regional planning.
Health Public health, health and human services, hospitals, managed care, research.
Natural resources Agriculture, archaeology, climate change, conservation, environmental management, forestry, marine and coast, mining, petroleum, water resources.
Public safety Computer-Aided Dispatch, emergency/disaster management, EMS, homeland security, law enforcement, fire protection, wildfire management
Transportation Aviation, highways, logistics, railways, ports and maritime, public transit
Utilities/communications
Electric, gas, pipeline, telecommunications, water/wastewater
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GIS examples Instructor should add examples specific
to their industry or teaching here What an excellent idea. I think I have
just a few examples here…
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Analysis
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What Should Be Anticipated for a Katrina-Magnitude Disaster?
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Size of New Homes in Redondo Beach
Neighborhood boundary
Floor Area, "The Avenues"
N
Floor area (sq. ft.)0 - 9991000 - 19992000 - 29993000 - 39994000 - 5999
S P
AC
IFIC
CO
AS
T H
WY
KNOB HILL AV
AVE F
AVE BS
CA
TA
LI NA
AV
S G
ER
TR
UD
A A
V
SAP
PH
IRE
ST
AVE B
AVE D
S B
RO
AD
WA
Y
SERPENTINE ST
KNOB HILL AV
AVE E
AVE B
AVE G
YNEZ AV
S GERTRUDA AV
CAMINO REAL
AVE D
AVE F
AVE A
S P
RO
SP
EC
T A
V
S E
L VIR
A A
V
AVE G
TOPAZ ST
S HELBERTA AVS GERTRUDA AV
YN
EZ
AV
S IRENA AV
S P
RO
SP
EC
T A
V
PALOS VERDES BLVD
S IR
EN
A A
V
AVE A
S P
AC
IFIC
CO
AS
T H
WY
AVE G
AVE A
S HELBERTA AV
AVE C
S P
AC
IFIC
CO
AS
T H
WY
AVE D
AVE D
AVE A
AVE D
S J
UA
NI T
A A
V
AVE C
AVE B
S IRENA AV
S C
AT
AL
INA
AV
S C
AT
AL
INA
AV
AVE F
KNOB HILL AV
S P
RO
SP
EC
T A
V
S GERTRU
DA AV
S JU
ANITA A
V
JULI
A A
VY
NE
Z A
V
PALOS
VERDES
BLV
D
AVE E
AVE E
AVE C AVE C
SA
PP
HIR
E S
T
S C
AT
AL
I NA
AV
SA
PP
HIR
E S
T
TOPAZ ST
AVE A
AVE G
S P
RO
SP
EC
T A
V
PALOS VERDES BLVD
KNOB HILL AV
YN
EZ
AV
S J
UA
NIT
A A
V
JULI
A A
V
AVE E
YEAR BUILT TOTAL FLOOR AREA (AVG.)
BEFORE 1988
1,458 sq. ft.
1988-2001 3,917 sq. ft.
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Responding to Citizen Requests in Torrance—Using GIS to Focus Field InvestigationsCity of Torrance
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School Facility Needs Analysis
N
0.455
0.4300.357
0.277 0.357
0.4610.377
0.3320.067
0.096 0.286
0.3370.100
ROBINSON ST
ARTESIA BLVD
HARRIMAN LN
VA
IL A
VE
RIN
DG
E L
N
AV
IAT
ION
BL
VD
ING
LE
WO
OD
AV
E
EMERALD ST
KNOB HILL AV
S P
AC
IFIC
CO
AS
T H
WY
HA
WT
HO
RN
E B
LV
D
182ND ST
190TH ST
Students Per Unit 20000 - 0.10.1 - 0.20.2 - 0.30.3 - 0.40.4 - 0.5
School Sites
Public SchoolSurplus School Site
Source: 2000 Census
City of Redondo BeachPopulation 5-18 per Dwelling Unit
N
656
957
717
766798
970 935
898161
217 874
659193
ROBINSON ST
ARTESIA BLVD
HARRIMAN LN
VA
IL A
VE
RIN
DG
E L
N
AV
IAT
ION
BL
VD
ING
LE
WO
OD
AV
E
EMERALD ST
KNOB HILL AV
S P
AC
IFIC
CO
AS
T H
WY
HA
WT
HO
RN
E B
LV
D
182ND ST
190TH ST
School Population 20000 - 200201 - 400401 - 600601 - 800801 - 1000
School Sites
Public SchoolSurplus School Site
Source: 2000 Census
City of Redondo BeachPopulation 5-18
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Zoning and Property Information
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Adult Business Ordinance
Determine allowed parcels
Identify impacted neighbors
Ensure defensibility of ordinance
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Fire Station Siting
N
EMERALD ST
KNOB HILL AV
S P
AC
IFI C
CO
AS
T H
WY
ANITA ST
N P
AC
IFIC
CO
AS
T H
WY
N P
RO
SP
EC
T A
V
City of Redondo Beach, South of 190th/Anita St.Sensitive Land Uses (2002)
Use
Public SchoolPrivate SchoolSenior HousingHotelPower PlantMajor Medical Facility
N
240
310
236 396
195 155
1176
421293
203 169
MARINE AV
ING
LE
WO
OD
AV
AV
IAT
ION
BL
VD
ROBINSON ST
ARTESIA BLVD
HA
WT
HO
RN
E B
LV
D182ND ST
PHEL
AN L
N
RIN
DG
E L
N
190TH ST
ANITA ST
EMERALD ST
N P
RO
SP
EC
T A
V
KNOB HILL AV
S P
CH
N P
CH
Source: City of Redondo Beach Fire Department
City of Redondo Beach Fire DepartmentIncident Calls (January 2000 - June 2002)
Incident Calls100 - 399400 - 699700 - 1199
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Operations & Special Event Planning
Hometown Fair & 10K
Arts Festival
Grand Prix
Robinson Fun Run
Grandview Gator 5K
Earth Day
Fireworks Festival
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City of LomitaResponse to Los Angeles Co.Office of Emergency Mgmt.
Information Request
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Water Systems
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Tabular Data
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Compared to a picture
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Traffic Accident Analysis
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Transportation
• Route planning
• Route locater• Identification of
funding
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Economic Development Sales tax provides 40% of the city’s
revenue Licenses and permits make up another 11% Other revenue sources are eroding Good jobs make for a stable community Retaining existing businesses saves jobs New businesses and development can
replace blight Economic development is proactive
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How can GIS help?
TM
Better visualization and analysis of current and future conditions
Aggregate a variety of geographic features and demographics
Notify residents and businesses of activities and opportunities
Avoid shotgun approach Better redevelopment planning Make development easier Reduce duplication of data Provide site selections Create marketing opportunities Speed your decision making Get a competitive edge
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Tabular Data
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Maps
Use maps to enhance text based marketing
Use vicinity maps to contrast with other communities
Demonstrate the uniquestrengths of yourcommunity
Show target areas
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More Maps
Redevelopment project areasSpecial design areasDemographicsAnticipated or desired developmentLocal attractions (i.e., universities, airports)Current projectsTraffic volumes
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Yet More Maps
Location
Location
Location
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Analysis
Know thyself! Identify under-served markets Find potential development sites Identify areas in need of
redevelopment Overlay projects with other activities
to avoid conflicts Make better informed decisions Cluster projects Identify labor pool
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Some industries prefer to locate in closeproximity to similar industries or need to be close to suppliers
Industry Clusters
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Business Analyst Online Demo
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Flexible bureaucrats???
Inside Versus Outside Needs
Staff needs are different from public needsPrivate goals and public goals sometimesdifferStaff can interpret needsand be flexible
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Economic Development on the Internet
Listings of parcelsContact informationParcel searchBuilding permitsDemographicsDescribe your community
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Elections
• Polling place
location
• Identification of
potential voter fraud
• Analysis of election
results
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Redistricting
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Related technologies
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Aerial photography
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Data Gathering with GPS
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Internet!!! Use available data sources Census SCAG California Trade & Commerce Agency US Department of Labor Cal State Dominguez Hills Libraries Real estate brokers Internal sources
Business licenseCrime data
Data Sources
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arcgis.com
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What can’t GIS do? Make decisions -- it is a tool Solve problems alone Replace legal documents (parcels) Generate money by selling data Can’t make a silk purse from a sow’s ear
(GIGO) Make your data more accurate Update itself Work by itself -- needs data and trained
staff
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SOFTWARE OVERVIEWLecture 1
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ArcMap (Desktop GIS)
Table ofcontents
Toolstoolbar
Identifyresultswindow
Map documentwindow
Standard toolbar
Main menu
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Map documents (.mxd) extension “Points” to layers Saves layer colors, symbology, etc.
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Tutorial 1-1.mxd Two layers
USCities (red points, restricted to major cities) USStates (yellow polygons)
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Adding map layers
Separate files added to a map document
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GeodatabasesThe geodatabase is a "container" used to hold a collection of datasets (GIS features, tables, raster images, etc).
Country layer
Graticule layer
World.gdb
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ArcCatalogArranges and manages geographic information in workspace folders and geodatabases.
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ArcToolboxAdvanced toolswith form-basedinput by users
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GIS TUTORIAL 1OVERVIEW
Lecture 1
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Part I Using and making maps
Chapter 1: Introduction Learn the basics of working with existing GIS data and
maps
Chapter 2: Map design Learn how to create choropleth and point maps
Chapter 3: GIS outputs Learn how to build and export maps using GIS data
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Part II Working with spatial data
Chapter 4: File geodatabases Learn how to create geodatabases and import data into them
Chapter 5: Spatial data Explores the basic data types used within GIS and then shows how to
use the Internet to gather GIS data
Chapter 6: Digitizing Learn how to digitize vector data and transform data to match real-
world coordinates
Chapter 7: Geocoding Learn how to map address data as points through the geocoding
process
Chapter 8: Geoprocessing Perform spatial analysis using geoprocessing tools
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Part III Learning advanced GIS applications
Chapter 9: Spatial analysis Perform spatial analysis using geoprocessing tools and
analysis workflow models
Chapter 10: ArcGIS 3D analyst Introduces ArcGIS 3D Analyst, allowing users to create 3D
scenes, conduct fly-through animations, and conduct line-of-sight studies
Chapter 11: ArcGIS spatial analyst Introduces ArcGIS Spatial Analyst for creating and analyzing
raster maps, including hillshades, density maps, site suitability surfaces, and risk index surfaces
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Chapter structure
Tutorials Multiple tutorials in every chapter Include step-by step exercises
Your turn Reinforce the skills learned in the step-by-step exercises
Advanced assignments Found at the end of each chapter. Provokes critical problem-solving skills
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GIS tutorial data
Data
\ESRIPress\GIST1\Data\ Map layers, geodatabases,
data tables, etc.
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GIS tutorial data
Maps \ESRIPress\GIST1\Maps\ Map documents Starting place for tutorials
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GIS tutorial data
MyAssignments \ESRIPress\GIST1\MyAssignments\ Location to save end of
chapter assignments
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GIS tutorial data
MyExercises \ESRIPress\GIST1\MyAssignments\
Location to save tutorial exercises Finished exercises are solutions to tutorial
exercises
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Tutorial Tips
no spaces in file names!
check that files/folders are not Read-Only
some results you’ll need to save for use in
later labs
do ‘Your Turn’ boxes during class
do ‘Assignments’ outside of class
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Just try
It’s so easy, even a manager can do it
Ask for help and be willing to help your
colleagues
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Tutorial Tips
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You’re going too fast/slow! Some tutorials will be in class to have
help available
Some tutorials will be on your own because class time is so limited
We will not do tutorials together or you would go crazy
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READ!!!
Don’t just be a button clicker
Read the text, not just the instructions
Don’t skip steps
Don’t freak out if something goes
wrong
Learn from each other
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Summary
GIS overview
GIS data and layers
GIS applications and examples
Software overview
GIS Tutorial 1 overview
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