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Tink Green
Recycling still the mosteective
Foul Beaches Costing a packet
Electric car
sales WillBoostAer more than US$400 million in outlays and monthsbehind schedule, dozens o electric cars have hit the roadin Israel, the test site Agassi chose or his Better Placeventure. Four stations where the cars can get a new doseo juice when their batteries run out are operating, andthe plan is to ramp that number up within months.
Te concept: to wean the world rom oil and eliminatethe biggest hurdles to environmentally riendly electriccars - high cost and limited range.
o do this, Better Place has jettisoned the xed battery.Instead, drivers can swap their depleted batteries or ullycharged ones at a network o stations, receiving a ull,160- kilometre range in ve minutes. Better Place ownsthe batteries, bringing down the purchase price o thecars using the network.
People driving shorter distances, the vast majority ocustomers, can plug in their batteries each day to charg-ers installed at their homes, ofces and public locations,which will ully recharge in six to eight hours.
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The sluggish take-up of electric cars is
expected to get a boost on Tuesday as a new
model arrives in
showrooms with the intention of ending fears
over range anxiety due to limited battery
life.
Vauxhalls Ampera, which launched l ast year
to acclaim in the US as the GM Volt, joins
Renaults
Fluence ZE [zero emissions], a family car that
went on sale last month as one of the newest
eligible for a 5,000 plugged-in car dis-
count from the
government.
Last year, the then transport secretary Phillip
Hammond said: 2011 could be remembered
as the year the electric car took off, as he
launched the
grant scheme that covers nine different
models. But only around 1,000 were sold l ast
year, and gures for rst quarter sales in 2012
show that registrations of new electric cars
have largely atlined, and only half of the
allocated budget for the grant scheme is likely
to be taken up.
Of the 563,556 cars sold in Q1, only 278 were
pure electric models, up from 218 on the year
before.
But Vauxhall forecasts it will sell 3,500 units
of the 30,000 car this year, or 5,000 in a full
year. A
spokeswoman said its target of 10,000 sales
across Europe in 2012 was in our reach quite
easily.
taken rom http://www.emercedesbenz.com/autos/mercedes-benz/c-class/mercedes-benz-c63-amg-coupe-black-series-print-ads/
By : Y&R Chicagoaken rom: http://www.coloribus.com/adsarchive/prints/hotels-eet-8035405/
http://birminghamcityads.co.uk/the-ds-urniture-sale-ends-5pm-sunday-nal-5-days-to-save-middleway-1947.html
The Amperas big selling point is that when
its battery runs out after 50 miles of electric
power, a petrol engine provides back-up
power for a further 310 miles. But because
the petrol still drives the electric motor, the
company says the vehicle should be
considered a range extender, not a hybrid
car like the Toyota Prius.
The car goes on sale in 24 dealers across
the UK on Tuesday, with Vauxhalls spokes-
woman predicting it will be a conquest
model that will lead motorists to buy from the
company for the rst time.
The Fluence ZE is one of four new electric
models from Renault, including a wackily
designed two-seater called the Twizzy that
also just went on sale, and the Zoe, a
Clio-sized car that arrives later this year and
the company expects will make up most of its
electric sales.
At 17,500 and up, the Fluence drastically
undercuts the Ampera on price, by leasing the
battery the most expensive component of
electric cars from 76 a month. The
battery will manage up to 115 miles in
between charges, and the leasing arrangement
means it can be swapped out later by Renault.
A Renault spokesman would not talk about
sales gures but said that, along with Nissan
which it has an electric vehicle partnership
with, it will have sold 1.5m electric vehicles
globally by 2016.
Marc Rinkel, senior analyst at analysts IHS
Automotive, suggested the new cars would
become popular among corporate clients. In
2011, the Nissan Leaf accounted for most of
electric vehicles sales in t he UK. The launch-
es of t he Vauxhall Ampera and the Renault
Fluence ZE are a stepping stone to broaden
the electric car offering.
In addition to the Leaf, early adopters can
now go for the range extender with the
Ampera or a cheaper option with the Fluence.
Although currently low consumer spending
is not in favour of expensive vehicles, these
models shall become popular amongst
company car buyers the exemption of
company car tax for electric vehicle
drivers looks very appealing indeed, he told
the Guardian.
Nissans Leaf, which went on sale in the UK
last year, recently took 2% of the total car
market in Norway, with the company selling
1,000 units in six months.
Photo taken from... http://www.ibelieveinadv.
com/2011/10/mitsubishi-i-miev-imiev-electric-billboard/
Advertising Agency: Clemenger BBDO, Syd-
ney, Australia
Executive Creative Director: Paul Nagy, Mike
Spirkovski
Creative Group Head: Adam Whitehead, Matt
Vandermark
Art Director: Adam Whitehead
Copywriter: Matt Vandermark
Group Account Director: David Hallett
Agency Producer: Vincent Prochillo
ext taken rom...http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/may/01/
vauxhall-ampera-electric-cars
Electriccar salesWill
Boost
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Medical Waste Is Piling Up
AS beach patrols keep a
wary eye out for
improperly discarded
hypodermic needles and
blood vials this summer,
environmentalists,
hospitals, refuse handlers
and Government
regulators are grappling
with a more serious
public health problem:
even properly handled
medical waste is
becoming harder to
dispose of safely.
The volume of
medical waste and the
costs of disposing of it
have grown steadily over
the past decade or more,
fueled in part by the
growth of single-use
disposable items and in
part by the growth of
small clinics and home
care services, whose
combined waste already
rivals that of big
hospitals.
Infectious waste, the most
troublesome component of
medical waste, has become
an environmental pariah.
Fewer and fewer landlls
accept it, even after it has
been sterilized, and most of
it cannot be recycled. That
leaves incineration, the
solution long followed by
most American hospitals.
But there is wide agreement
that too many
hospital incinerators are soold, obsolete and improper-
ly operated that they cannot
meet increasingly stringent
emissions standards.
Some environmentalists say
this poses a more
serious health hazard than
the highly publicized
incidents of vials and
syringes washing up on
beaches last summer.
The situation is likely to
be complicated, some ex-
perts have concluded, by a
new Federal law designed
to track and contain medi-
cal wastes. Experts say the
tracking requirements, which
took effect last week, are
likely to encourage hospitals
to circumvent the expense
and effort they require by
burning more waste in their
own incinerators than they
do now.
The problem is also
compounded by a growing
ow of waste from walk-in
clinics, doctors and
dentists ofces, nursing
homes, dialysis , cent-
ers, blood banks and home
sickrooms. In particular, the
rapid growth of walk-in
clinics is believed to have
helped
swell the volume of non-
hospital medical waste to the
point where it approaches
the ow from hospitals,
now believed to constitute 2
to 5 percent of t he nations
municipal solid wastes. In all
settings, the ballooning use
of disposable items has in-
creased the volume of waste.
Te needles, used again and again,kill at least 300,000 people a year.
he needles, syringes and other
edical waste that have washed
on beaches this summer point
a larger problem confronting
ery medical institution: how to
al with infectious wastes that
e increasingly barred from the
spitals own incinerators.
State regulations are becom-
g extremely stringent, said
rthur E. Weintraub, president of
orMet, the regional associationat helps hospitals increase their
erating effectiveness. Many
cinerators built recently dont
eet current standards.
ut when hospitals must dispose
the wastes off-site, he said, it
a situation that represents real
onomic hardship. Using private
rters, Mr. Weintraub added, also
duces a hospitals control over
e disposal process and hospi-
s are caught in the middle.
ospitals want to be leaders in
rving community
vironmental-health needs, Mr.
eintraub said, but if they dont
ve a place to put their infectious
astes, it becomes more than an
ue for a single hospital. As a
ciety, we have a problem.
r. Weintraub said the 40
spitals that are members of his
sociation, which represents a
ven-county region including
estchester, have called on state
cials to form a task force to
udy the problem, including
nding regional sites for
cineration. As it is now, he
id, the situation lends itself to
olations of the law.
ocal hospitals, the organizations
ta indicate, are using both
ethods to dispose of
edical waste. Westchester
ospitals burned 98,000 pound
of infectious waste in l986, the
st
year for which gures were
available; 54,000 pounds were
incinerated on site while 44,000
pounds were shipped out of the
county for disposal to sites as far
away as South Carolina.
Infectious waste, commonly
referred to as red bag waste
because state law requires that it
be segregated in red disposal bags,
includes any surgical, obstetrical
or pathological material, Mr.Weintraub said, and all
blood-soiled materials. State law
requires all such material to be
incinerated. Review of Disposal
Options
Several hospitals in the county are
reviewing their disposal options,
with some electing to build on-
site incinerator units and others
hiring private carters. Some
hospitals own incinerators that
do not comply with existing state
regulations and therefore are not
supposed to be used.
http://www.jennwarren.net/#/slumdog-scandal/jw_syringe008://www.jennwarren.net/#/slumdog-scandal/jw_syringe008
Text by By TESSA MELVIN
Published: August 14, 1988
new york times
website:
http://www.nytimes.
com/1988/08/14/nyregion/coping-
with-medical-waste.html?src=pm
Test by By WILLIAM K.STEVENS Published: June 27,1989
Taken from New york timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/27/science/medical-waste-is-piling-up-
generating-new-concerns.html?src=pm
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One of the dirty secrets of ocean pollution is how much
of the garbage and miscellaneous plastic crap that ends
up there blows or seeps in from landlls.
Last week in Hawaii, rainstorms washed medical waste
and other trash out of a hillside landlls holding pond,
through storm drains and straight into the ocean. A few
days later, the Waimanalo Gulch Landll
operators claimed the mess had been cleaned up, but
workers were still plucking hypodermic needles, vials
lled with blood and urine, and other hospital waste
from the beach. One worker described vials popping
up like minnows in the surf break.
Much of the garbage is no longer on the beach; it has
been washed out to sea or caught up in the surf.
Cleanup supervisors wonder about the chemical and
biologic waste that was part of the landll and hasnow been swept into the ocean, where it can never be
extracted.
The mid-week storm dumped 11 inches of rain.
Youre talking an awful lot of water accumulating,
said the Ko Olina director of the local Department of
Environmental Services, comparing it to a tsunami
of water rushing off the slopes.
Waste Managementthe giant, national garbage
company that owns the landlland city ofcials
blamed mother nature for the accident. The reality
is that Waimanalo Gulch, like thousands of landlls
across the U.S., is built right at waters edge.
Signs have been posted at the beach to discourage
swimming, and the landll has been closed, for now.
The accident points to an endemic problem: Too often
when we put our trash, even recyclables, on the curb to
be picked up we think thats the end of our debris. Out
of sight, out of mind.
In fact, most of that garbage is headed to a new life,
somewhere else, which may include contributing to the
worlds largest garbage dump, the ocean.
You can view the environmental impacts of the cruise
industry from a variety of angles.
From my perspectiveand Ive traveled on a wide
variety of shipsthose monster eyesores carrying
multiple-thousands are little more than oating
shopping malls packed with bargain hunters who rarely
care much about the places they are motoring past.Some of the smaller operations, carrying passengers in
the hundreds, offer a pretty cool mode for people to see
parts of the world they might not see otherwise, with
minimal impact and a big gain of knowledge about the
places visited.
But all of these ships far too often use the ocean like a
giant toilet bowl. No matter the size of the boat nor the
environmental message spread onboard, all ships leave
in their wake food scraps, shredded paper and
cardboard, ground-up plastic, various detritus blown
off decks, sewagetreated and otherwiseand leak-
ings of motor fuel and oil.
The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) estimates that
passengers aboard a typical cruise
ship will, on an average day,
generate 21,000 gallons of
sewage, one ton of garbage,
170,000 gallons of wastewater
from sinks, showers and laundry,
more than 25 pounds of batteries,
uorescent lights, medical wastes
and expired chemicals, up to 6,400
gallons of oily bilge water fromengines, and four plastic bottles
per passenger (which factors to
about 8,500 on average aboard the
Carnival Spirit, which can hold
2,124 guests, 1,000 crew, has 16
lounges and bars and carts about
900,000 tourists in and out of the
port of Seattle and up the British
Columbia and Alaska coastlines
each year).
Cruise ships are supposed to dump
sewageblobs of concentrated
toxins from the bottom of waste-
treatment facilitiesat least three
miles from the coastline. Given the
number of nes dished out in
recent years, even that small
request is clearly being ignored by
many companies.
The good companies talk about us-
ing cleaner fuels, recycling more,boosting the efciency of sewage
and gray-water treatment systems.
But its hard to judge just how
much the ships are improving.
Even the best onboard water-
quality systems still allow high
levels of ammonia, bacteria and
other pollutants to escape with the
mix into the ocean.
While some of that pollution is attributable to
runoff from shore, the EPA estimates that cruise
ships spill more than 25 million gallons of
sewage into California waters each year.
According to the cruise industry, most boats
have been complying with the three-mile zone
for the past ve years; many even wait until
theyre 12 miles offshore to dump treated waste
into the ocean.
Out beyond three miles, few laws apply to most
sewage. Most pollutants are not supposed to be
dropped into the ocean until ships are 25 miles
from the coast; discharge of oil or oily water
into U.S. navigable waters cannot take place
within 200 miles of shore.
The saddest aspect of this story, to me, is thatdumping into the ocean is still legal, almost
everywhere.
Shouldnt all ships garbage and waste be
cleaned and re-cleaned and cleaned again, and
brought to shore where modern systems can
dispose of and or recycle it? Shouldnt that be
the law, around the globe?
The regions most hard-hit by onshore dumpin
are the most popular stretches for cruisers: the
coasts of Alaska and British Columbia, beach
throughout the Mediterranean, and increasing
the coastline along the globes most popular
route (because its furthest from potential
terrorism and piracy)the run from Rio de
Janeiro around Cape Horn and up to Valparai
Chile. Cruise companies get away with dump
both black water (waste from toilets and med
cal facilities) and gray water (from showers a
sinks) far too close to shore due to the
complexity of international, federal and local
laws the companies choose to either follow o
ignore. Borders on the ocean are hard to den
laws are very hard to enforce. Most solid was
is burned onboard, and the incinerated ash fal
into the sea. Plastic is often chipped, pulped o
ground into tiny pieces and dumped overboar
The ships that carry solid waste back to shore
hand it off to haulers on land, who may take i
landlls, or perhaps dump it straight into the s
themselves. The maritime business is the las
under-regulated bastion of the corporate worlFred Felleman, Northwest consultant for Frie
of the Earth, told Seattles InvestigateWest. B
cause it falls between the borders of the world
its been hard to gure out how to get our arm
around it.
Medical Waste Foul Beaches, CruiseShips Foul Water
A new U.S. federal law would forbid ships of more than 300 tons from dumping treated or untreated sewage within three miles of Califor-
nias 1,624-mile coast, which would close a major loophole in state law; the law is expected to be enacted in 2011. The EPA suggests the
law would prevent 20 million gallons of sewage from swirling into the states coastal waters and improve the overall quality of California
beaches. Last year, the EPA studied California beaches and found that 85 percent of San Franciscos had experienced advisories for high
levels of pathogens; in L.A., all beaches had advisories, as did 75 percent of San Diegos.
Text taken from, http://neptune911.wordpress.
com/2011/01/20/medical-waste-foul-beaches-
cruise-ships-foul-waters/
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Hospital savesortune just byswapping rubbergloves.
he government hopes smarter procurement can help
e NHS in England to save more than 15bn over
e next three years - and some hospitals are already
oving it can be done.
ne of Londons top teaching hospitals has saved the
xpayer more than 300,000 a year - just by chang-
g its order for rubber gloves.
arts and the London NHS Trust used to buy 20
fferent types of examination gloves for medical
aff.
ut by limiting the choice to just two, the trusts
ocurement team has nearly halved the bill.
We spend over 700,000 a year on examination
oves.
What we have done now is to move to one supplier,
d we will be saving 320,000 this year just by
andardising to a better value product, says Zoe
reenwell, who leads the trusts procurement team.
is the kind of common-sense saving that the
overnment is hoping all 168 hospital trusts in
ngland will make.
inisters want to save between 15bn and 20bn
om the NHS budget in England over the next three
ars. And at least 1.2bn of that is expected to come
om the hospital procurement budget.
ut there is a problem for the government. By 2014
arly all hospitals will be run as independent
undation trusts, and ministers will have little directntrol over their spending priorities.
National Audit Ofce (NAO) report found that
ere is already a lack of standardisation and bulk
uying by NHS trusts when it comes to the everyday
nsumables that fuel a hospital - everything from A4
per and rubber gloves to cannulas, the plastic
bing used to administer drips.
We found that trusts bought 21 different types of A4
per and 652 different types of rubber gloves and
mewhere over 1,700 different cannulas, says Mark
avies, director of health value for money studies at
e NAO.
Hospitals like Barts in London are already suc-
cessfully collaborating with other trusts in
England to compare prices and reduce costs.
But attempts by hospitals to work together to
maximize their buying power with suppliers have
not always worked.
Orthopaedic surgeons at the University
Hospitals of Leicester tried to secure a better deal
on the price of knee joints by banding together
with other hospitals in a body called the East
Midlands procurement hub.
Figures nationally suggest the price paid by trusts
for the same knee joint can vary from 1,400 to
2,500.
Orthopaedic surgeon Andrew Browns
department is already saving thousands of pounds
on knee joints
With Leicester performing 1,600 knee and hip
replacements each year, the trust hoped to make
signicant savings. However, it found that its
existing deal was better than the average price the
hub was able to deliver.
It was going to cost an extra 100,000
a year to procure our prostheses via the
hub rather than carrying on
doing it ourselves because we had
already achieved very low costs locally
with our suppliers, says orthopaedic
surgeon Andrew Brown.
My expectation would be that the hub
should look at the lowest price
currently being paid, and bring
everyone to that lowest price, because
unless the companies are selling at a
loss to ourselves, theres no reason
why everyone else shouldnt be buying
things for the same price as we do.
What it seemed to end up with was an
average cost across what people were
paying at that moment, which meant
there were always going to be l osers
within the system.
Leicester decided to go it alone for
orthopaedic supplies, and the East
Midlands procurement hub has now
folded.
The NAO inquiry concluded that there
were too many NHS hubs in the
marketplace, says its author, Mark
Davies.
There is no consistent basis for
measuring their performance. So you
have got this vicious circle that
individual trusts dont know if theyre
getting value, he says.
They think if they go to a hub that
they might get a better deal [but] they
dont really know what a better deal
looks like. The hubs may be competing
with each other in a not very effective
way.
Our conclusion in the report was
that there needed to be a fundamental
rationalization of the hubs, because too
many of them are doing the same thing
not very effectively.
By not setting procurement as aperformance target, the government is
banking on trusts taking the initiative.
It hopes a new system of barcoding
hospital supplies will help trusts shop
more effectively for low-cost,
high-value consumable goods, and
wants trusts to cooperate more to
negotiate the best deals from suppliers.
Health minister Simon Burns insists
that the impetus must come from the
trusts themselves:
Hospitals are also paying a wide range of differ-
ent prices for exactly the same item, with some
paying 50% more than the best performers.
We estimate that there is something like 500m
being lost every year on spending of 4.6bn. Its
the prize thats being lost by the NHS if only they
could get themselves together and procure more
efciently, says Mr Davies.
Health minister Simon Burns insists that the
waste must stop:
It is absolutely crazy; this is why we need to get
greater transparency into the system, to get better
practice and for trusts to look more at how they
can bulk purchase, he says
You cant lose sight of the fact that the NHS trusts are independent organisations, he
says.
It is important that they have got the freedom to be able to make the commercial
decisions that they believe are right for their community including the products that
they buy.
But what we are doing is working with the existing networks to raise awareness of
efcient procurement practice.
This is something that needs to be recognized at a trust board level, and we are
developing standards for good procurement so they can be understood and brought in
throughout the organisation.
Text and photo 1: Taken from File on 4, BBC Radio
By Andy Denwood
on 27september 2011.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-14971984
photo 2: taken from
http://static.tumblr.com/mum7bpy/VfMlfyj6m/elasbandages-6w-yards-ben-_i_lbm40669.jpg
http://www.crudproducts.com/products/print-adverts
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People are needlessly throwing away 3.6m
tonnes of food each year in England and
Wales, research suggests.
The Waste & Resources Action Programme
(WRAP) found that salad, fruit and bread
were most commonly wasted and 60% of
all dumped food was untouched.
The study analysed the waste disposed of
by 2,138 households.
Environment Minister Joan Ruddock said
the ndings were staggering at a time of
global food shortages and WRAP added it
was an environmental issue.
Value of food
The study found that 9bn of avoidable
food waste was disposed of in England and
Wales each year.
It is mostly food that could have been
consumed if it had been better stored or
managed, or had not been left uneaten on a
plate.
Much of that food waste goes into landll
rather than into council food disposal and
composting programmes, it said.
Based on the data for England and Wales,
WRAP estimated that householders across
the UK throw away 10.2bn of avoidable
food waste every year.
Using the same extrapolation, they also
estimated the average UK household need-
lessly throws away 18% of all food pur-
chased. Families with children throw away
27%.
The study also suggested 1bn worth of
food wasted in the UK was still in date.
Nearly a quarter, in terms of cost, was
disposed of because the use by or best
before date had expired.
Liz Goodwin, chief executive of WRAP,
said food waste had a signicant environ-
mental impact.
What shocked me the most was the cost of
our food waste at a time of rising food bills,
and generally a tighter pull on our purse
strings, Ms Goodwin said.
It highlights that this is an economic and
social issue, as well as about how much we
understand the value of our food.
The study also found that:
Bakery goods made up 19%, by
weight, of all avoidable food waste.
Vegetables contributed 18%.
Meat and sh also made up a large
proportion - 18% - of the total money
wasted on food. WRAP said 5,500
whole chickens were thrown away
each day in the UK.
Mixed foods like ready meals made
up 21% of the total cost of waste, with
440,000 thrown away each day.
The two most signicantly wastedfoods that could have been eaten were
potatoes and bread
Yoghurt was a commonly abandoned
product, with an estimated 1.3m un-
opened pots disposed of each day.
WRAP receives government funding
from England, Scotland, Wales and
Northern Ireland.
The body says The Food We Waste sur-
vey is the rst of its kind in the world,
surveying both household habits and
the actual waste they throw away.
The survey interviewed 2,715 house-
holds in England and Wales and several
weeks later, analysed the rubbish of
2,138 of them.
Ms Ruddock said: This is costing
consumers three times over
Not only do they pay hard-earned
money for food they dont eat, there is
also the cost of dealing with the waste
this creates.
And there are climate change costs to
all of us of growing, processing, pack-
aging, transporting, and refrigeratingfood that only ends up in the bin.
About 29 million tonnes of municipal waste,
87% of which was household waste, was
produced in England in 2003/04. Most waste
ends up in landll sites; only 19% of house-
hold waste is currently recycled
or composted. Recycling is widely assumed
to be environmentally benecial, although
the collection, sorting and processing of
materials gives rise to some environmental
impacts and energy use.summarises the en-
vironmental impacts of recycling household
waste, and examines some of the reasons
why recycling rates are still relatively low.
Background
Responsibility for waste is devolved. This
note deals with England only. England
disposes of 72% of its municipal waste in
landlls, yet much
In 2003/04, Englands municipal waste recy-
cling and composting rates increased to 19%
from 15.6% in 2002/031. It is difcult to
compare recycling rates between countries
as different measurements are used. Never-
theless, other EU countries such as t he
Netherlands, Austria, and Belgium appear
to achieve much higher levels of recycling:
more than 50% in some cases. The 2005/06
household waste recycling target for
the UK is 25%2. Policy The main statutory
driver behind household waste
reduction is the 1999 EU Landll Directive,
which aims to prevent or reduce the envi-
ronmental effects of landlling waste3. The
Directive requires that the UK reduces the
amount of biodegradable waste going to
landll to 75% of 1995 levels , by 2010. The
focus is on reducing the amount of biode-
gradable waste sent to landll because it
decays to produce methane, a potent
greenhouse gas that contributes to climate
change. Although household waste accounts
for only 9% of total UK waste, a high pro-
portion is landlled and recycling
rates are low. The then Department for
Transport, Environment and the RegionsWaste Strategy 2000 set a target of increas-
ing recycling rates of municipal waste
to 30% in England and Wales by 20104.
Government recycling initiatives The
Household Waste Recycling Act was intro-
duced in 2003. It requires all English local
authorities to provide kerbside collections
for a minimum of two recyclable
materials for all householders by 20105,6.
Nearly all local authorities in England have
schemes to recycle the largest fractions of
recyclable household waste (paper/card-
board and glass), and 79% of households are
now served by kerbside collection
schemes. To improve recycling, the govern-
ment established WRAP7 (Waste & Resourc-
es Action Programme) in 2001 to stimulate
markets for recycled materials. Recycling
Recycling is widely assumed to be environ-
mentally
benecial, although collecting, sorting and
processing materials does give rise to envi-
ronmental impacts and energy use. The pros
and cons of recycling some common
components of household waste, that is,
paper, glass, metal cans and plastics, are
outlined in box 1. Table 1 summarises the
current impact of recycling in t he UK, com-
pared with manufacture from raw materials.
The elements of household waste most
commonly collected for recycling are garden
waste for composting, then paper and third
glass. Metal cans make up only 1%
by weight of the material collected for recy-
cling, but recycling them offers high energyand material savings
Plastic recycling is not very common, partly
because few facilities exist to handle the
material. Collection is complicated by the
need to segregate waste plastics into
the various different types. Since plastic
bottles are made from only three different
types of plastic, collecting them offers the
greatest potential for increasing household
plastic recycling.
Plastic bags make up only 1% of househo
waste by weight, but some 20% of total
household plastic waste. Some groups ar
that we should recycle more plastic
bags as they are a highly visible and pers
tent feature of the litter stream that also p
a threat to wildlife. However, plastic bag
not routinely collected by kerbside recyc
schemes. One of the reasons for this is
that their low density makes their collect
and recycling uneconomic.
Government recycling targets currently fo
on weight of waste rather than volume, s
plastic recycling schemes are difcult to
erate economically because plastic is so
light. This approach was criticised in a 20
report on waste management by the Com
mons Environment, Food & Rural Affair
Select Committee, which recommended
that the government move away from targ
based purely on weight8.
Food waste on staggering scale
taken from.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7389351.
stm
RECYCLING HOUSEHOLD WASE
Taken from http://www.parliament.uk/doc
ments/post/postpn252.pdf
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The root of our current policy is the EC Directive on
Packaging and Packaging Waste (94/62/EC), as amended by
Directive 2004/12/EC). The Directive was introduced to
create a single market for packaging and to increase recyclin
and recovery levels across the EU.
Two sets of regulations transpose the Directive in the United
Kingdom.
The UK Packaging (Essential Requirements) Regulations
2003 (as amended) cover, among other things, the Directive
provisions on minimisation, requirements for recoverable an
re-useable packaging, and excess packaging. These Regula-
tions require packaging to be manufactured so t hat its volum
and weight are limited to the minimum adequate amount to
maintain the necessary level of safety, hygiene and acceptan
for the packed product and for the consumer. (BIS)
The Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste
Regulations 2007 (as amended) require businesses with an
annual turnover in excess of 2 million and which handle mo
than 50 tonnes of packaging a year to recover and recycle a
proportion of the packaging they handle. (Defra).
The UK Government has set business targets which must b
met by obligated companies each year to ensure that the UK
meets its national targets as set under the EU Directive. The
UK business targets are higher than the Directive targetsbecause under the UK system smaller businesses, and the
packaging they produce, are exempt from the obligations,
whereas the EU directive targets apply to all packaging wast
In December 2011, the Department for Environment, Food a
Rural Affairs (Defra) published a consultation
paper on increased recycling targets for packaging producers
from 2013 to 2017 and on a sub-target for recycling
of glass into re-melt applications. A nal decision will be ma
in the 2012 Budget.
veryone, including manufacturers and retailers, wants as little
ackaging as possible. However, the UK produces
pproximately 11 million tonnes of packaging waste every
ear1. Defra estimates that around half of this packaging waste
omes from the commercial and industrial waste stream and
alf from household waste. The vast majority of consumer
ackaging waste is collected by local authorities, through their
ollection schemes, predominantly from the kerbside. There
a hefty cost to this, but local authorities receive no nancial
ssistance from the producers/packers/llers or retailers, all of
hom prot by its use.
Most packaging is essential for our daily lives and overall it
revents 10 times more waste than it generates. Retailers and
e packaging industry have set out a lot of positives to
ackaging and its use within the UK as outlined below:
Although packaging has an obvious role in containingroducts and displaying information, its main purpose is to
op goods being damaged or spoiled e.g. in store wastage of
rapes2 packed in bags or sealed trays is 20 per cent less than
e waste from those sold loose.
Households generate far more food and drink waste (8.3 mt
a3) than used packaging (4.7 mt). Almost half (44%4) of this
ackaging is collected for recycling5.
Manufacturers and retailers are working to make packaging
ore resource efcient and, where possible, reduce it and use
cycled materials.
Figures for 2007 from t he European Union show that the UK
ses less packaging per person (175kg) than many other Eu-
opean countries including the Netherlands and Italy (212kg),
rance (202kg) and Germany (196kg)6.
Progress has been made in reducing packaging. Glass
ontainers today are on average 20 per cent lighter than they
ere in 1990; the weight of cans has fallen by 30 per cent,
ogurt pots 40 per cent and carrier bags 45 per cent7.
Costing a packet minimisingpackaging waste.
Text from Costing a packet minimising packaging waste:a London
Councils position paper. by London Councils
http://www.londoncouncils.gov.uk/policylobbying/environment/
waste/costingapacket.htm
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Often packaging of fruit and vegetables comprised plastic bags, although the market did
provide paper bags. This is an approach that could be taken by more retailers to improve
the proportion of their waste that is
recyclable.
The majority of packaging on the meat products was rubbish.
The packaging on a fresh pizza varied between retailers, from a simple cardboard box or
a cardboard base and shrink-wrapping - both good approaches - to a plastic or
polystyrene base, shrink-wrapped and contained in a box. While the cardboard box is
recyclable, the number of layers in these cases seemed excessive.
The plastic tubes provide sufcient packag-
ing for the cookies but in some cases a tray
was also part of the packaging, providing fur-
ther waste in a layer of packaging that could
be considered unnecessary. Retailers could
also focus on reducing the size of the packag-
ing in relation to the volume of the product, to
reduce the quantities of waste produced.
The market set a good example by provid-
ing a loaf of bread in a paper bag, whilst the
seven other retailers had wrapped the bread in
a plastic lm or plastic bag.
The baked beans, jam and milk came i n thesame form of packaging for all retailers: a can
for the beans, a glass jar for the jam and a
plastic bottle for the milk. Apart from the tops
on the jar and milk bottle, the packaging for
these products were all recyclable.
The objective of this research was to inform
the Local Government Associations War
on Waste campaign, which seeks to address
the amount of rubbish produced and the way
in which it is thrown away. BMRB Social
Research were commissioned to monitor food
packaging levels in a shopping basket, in
terms of amount of packaging (including in
relation to volume of food)
and composition of that packaging
(for example, whether the packaging
is recyclable).
A range of common food items (29
items), representing a regular
shopping basket were purchased
from eight retailers (six super-
markets - ASDA, Lidl, Marks and
Spencer, Morrisons, Sainsburys and
Tesco - a local high street and a large
market) Analysis involved
recording the total weight of the
product and recording the totalweight of the packaging. The
component parts of the packaging
were weighed separately to measure
the proportion of packaging that was
recyclable or rubbish. An estimate of
the volume of the food in relation to
the packaging was also provided, to
consider cases of excessive
packaging. Photographs of the
shopping baskets were taken before
analysis and of the piles of waste
created. This exercise will be repeat-
ed every six months for two years,
in order to record the trends in food
packaging over time.
Taken from the war on waste packaging study,
from the local governmanet assosiation.
http://new.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/1098616
Each year the UK generates about 30
million tonnes of waste from
households1, most of which ends up in
andll. Britain dumps more household
waste into landll than nearly all other
ountries in the European Union (around
hree-quarters of its municipal waste goes
o landll; only Portugal and Greece put
more there2). The objective of this
research is to inform the Local
Government Associations War on
Waste campaign, which seeks to address
he amount of rubbish produced and the
way in which it is thrown away.
This study monitored food packaging
evels for a basket of 29 common foodtems that had been purchased from eight
etailers. These were:
ASDA
Lidl
Marks and Spencer
Morrisons
Sainsburys
Tesco
a local high street
a large market.
The over all results showed that On
average, 5% of the total weight of the
shopping baskets were made up of
packaging. The average weight of pack-
aging in a basket was 748.5 grams, but
this ranged from 684.5 grams for Tescos
basket to 799.5 grams for Lidls basket.
Overall, the best performing retailers
have low levels of packaging, but also a
high proportion of recyclable waste. They
were Asda and the market.
The total weight of packaging in the
basket from Sainsburys was 749g, of
which 70% (525g) was made from
recyclable materials. Within their basket:
The sugar was packaged in a recyclable
paper bag. The pizza was on a polysty-
rene base and shrink-wrapped (rubbish),but then packaged in a recyclable card-
board box.
Four of the ten fruit and vegetable items
were available without any packaging.
The total weight of packaging in the
basket from Marks and Spencer was
782g, of which 60% (469g) was made
from
recyclable materials. Within their basket:
The pizza was shrink-wrapped onto a
polystyrene base, although it had an outer
cardboard layer that was recyclable. The
Five of the ten fruit and vegetable items were avail-
able to purchase without any packaging.
The researchers drew the following conclusions:
There were some items on the shopping list that
appeared to be somewhat over-packaged, such as
shrink-wrapping on peppers and broccoli, or excessive
layers of packaging, or packaging that was much larger
than the contents of the product and had low volume
measures (for example, cornakes, meat, tomatoes and
crisps).
War on Waste Food Packaging Study
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Fancy packaging on
supermarket goods is costing
us more in council tax.
The news comes from a
report by the Local
Government Association
(LGA) out today, looking at
how much rubbish is produced
by the countrys different
supermarket chains.
It has revealed that tax payers
are shouldering the burden of
recycling the wrapping that
comes with the food we buy.
According to the report, in
a typical basket of shopping
almost 40 per cent of super-
market food packaging cannotbe easily recycled.
And the Kent Green Party has
reacted with concern that after
20 years of intensive
improvement we still have
problems.
Councils have to pay 32 for
every tonne of rubbish they
throw away and, between
2008 and 2011, local councils
across the country are pre-
dicted to spend 1.8 billion
landll tax.
Steve Dawe, spokesperson for
the Kent Green Party, said: It
isnt just a cost to us as coun-
cil tax payers, its a cost in
terms of priorities for our local
councils and its a cost to the
environment with this
constant search for new
landll sites.
Paul Vanston, Kent Waste
Partnership (KWP)
programmes and projects
manager at Kent County
Council said that it has
improved recycling by 40 p
cent and reduced landll w
from 80 per cent to 20 per
in the past 10 years.
Thats our main job on be
of residents, he said.
However, we also do our
best to inuence governme
policy and national issues.
The KWPs efforts are to
work with the LGA, the Pa
aging Federation and super
markets because reducing fand packaging waste can o
happen when everyone get
around the table and arrive
a consensus on what to do.
Mr Vanston said that KWP
working with these
organisations to raise the
issues and lobby for chang
where needed.
The fact that Kent is the
leading county on the
national Love Food Hate
Waste campaign is a sign th
were ready and willing to
bold and innovative when
comes to protecting the mo
in residents pockets at the
same time as protecting the
environment.
This also leads to massive
movements of heavy goods
vehicles that contribute to
Kents general trafc prob-
lems.
He thinks the answer lies with
the public, though. If people
favour goods with minimum
packaging then the message
will get home, he added.
Consumers have the power,
supermarkets will only do so
much. Theyll be led by the
consumer.
The LGA is instead calling on
the Government to make
retailers responsible for
funding the collection of pack-
aging so they have a direct
incentive to produce less
Cllr Margaret Eaton, chairman
of the LGA, said: Britain is
the dustbin of Europe.
Taxpayers dont want to see
their money going towards
paying landll taxes and EU
nes when council tax could
be reduced instead.
If retailers create
unnecessary rubbish, they
should help taxpayers by pay-
ing for it to be recycled.
Text by :
Caroline McGuire - Tuesd
February 17 2009
For kent online
http://www.kentonline.co.kentonline/newsarchive.
aspx?articleid=57342
photo top : photo from : ht
www.dailymail.co.uk/new
ticle-1147321/Waitrose-w
using-excess-packaging-C
recycling-levy-supermark
html
photo below : photo from
http://www.dailymail.co.u
news/article-2075942/Stor
told-cut-packaging-year--f
crackdown.html
Shouldering the burden o recycling supermarket packaging
Taylor will conrm that
overnment gures show how
ast year around 240,000 tonnes
f plastic bottles were sent to
andll by households with
ccess to kerbside plastic
ecycling collection
quivalent to nearly half of all
ottles used.
He will add that the plastic
ottles sent to landll would
ave been worth around 91m
f they had been recycled.
Last months budget set a new
arget for plastic recycling of
2 per cent by 2017, and Taylor
will argue that the best way to
meet the target will be to make
quick progress on recycling
lastic bottles.
Over half a million tonnes
f plastic are used each year
o provide us with bottles for
rinks, shampoo and kitchen
leaners, yet half of this ends
p at the dump, he will say.
The vast majority of these bot-
es could easily be recycled,
nd this shocking waste is
osting the economy millions
f pounds.
The government will call on
ouncils and businesses to beef
p plastic recycling capacity
nd better realise the nancial
alue arising from the hundreds
f thousands of tonnes of waste
lastics discarded each year.
n a speech to be delivered at
he headquarters of Recoup, a
harity that promotes and
supports plastic recycling
nitiatives, Defra minister Lord
Taylor of Holbeach will argue
hat waste plastics represent
ne of the easiest and most
ost-effective areas for the UK
o meet its binding recycling
argets.
Describing the continued dis-
osal of plastic bottles and
ther plastic products to landll
s shameful,
I want to see a major push to
end this sorry state, with
businesses, councils and
householders all doing their bit
to address the problem.
Defra is working with Re-
coup, the advisory committee
on packaging and industry, to
explore the possibility of a
responsibility deal to help
raise awareness among
households and businesses on
the steps they can take to help
increase plastic bottle recy-
cling.
A spokeswoman for Defra told
BusinessGreen the talks wereat an early stage and the depart-
ment was considering a number
of options, including a pack-
age of voluntary targets for the
recycling industry similar to
those adopted by
waste levels under the
Courtauld Agreement.
The department also indicated
that any deal could emulate the
successful Metal Matters
campaign, which increased
recycling of drinks cans by
21 per cent through leaeting
households in a selection of
areas.
In addition, a number of
councils are currently running
trials looking at how recycling
incentive schemes, such as
those run by US rm
RecycleBank, which provide
households with reward pointsbased on how much they recy-
cle, can help drive up recycling
rates. The government is
supportive of the model and
keen to see more trials rolled
out.
However, the latest speculation
about a new voluntary
agreement on plastic recycling
is unlikely to appease some
recycling rms, which have
criticised the governments
waste strategy and accused
ministers of failing to take a
sufciently robust legislative
approach to improving
recycling rates and driving
investment in new recycling
capacity.
plastic waste to be tackled by government
By: James Murray for for Busi-
nessGreen, part of the Guard-
ian Environment Network
guardian.co.uk, Thursday 3May 2012 11.38 BST
Website:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/en-
vironment/2012/may/03/shame-
ful-plastic-waste-government
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For textiles, theres not very many
statistics, but what there is shows reuse
is clearly optimal, followed by recycling
and then energy recovery [incineration].
For food and garden waste, anaerobic
digestion looks preferable; then
composting and incineration with energy
recovery come out very similar.
For plastics, we have got strong evi-
dence this time that recycling is the better
option, because recycling has improved.
For wood, recycling looks preferable.
For paper and cardboard, what the
statistics throw out is the importance ofquality: the higher the quality [paper and
cardboard], the better it is to recycle, but
as you go down to the lower end, energy
recovery [incineration] may be
preferable.
The good showing for incineration
preferred for a small number of items and
often the next best option after recycling
will be controversial with some
environmental campaigners who worry
about the pollution from recycling plants,
and that incineration becomes an easy
option that deters investment in proper
recycling.
However, the option of incineration was
only preferred when it was using the best
technology and generating energy,
preferably energy that was directly
replacing fossil fuel use, which is blamed
for the greenhouse gas emissions that
help cause global warming, said James.
Energy recovery has a role to play, and
if were trying to divert more waste from
landll, we need to increase recycling and
increase some energy recovery. But we
need to make sure we get the right
technologies, he said.
As well as analysing recycling in the UK,
the study also considered the impact of
transporting waste to other countries
often China for recycling. It found that
overseas transport was still better than
sending it to landll.
The important thing is, because were
in an international economy ... [that if]
were sending metal back to China for
recycling, its coming back around the
circle again, said James.
According to Defra, in 2008-9 the
total waste collected from the UKs 25m
households dropped slightly to 24.3m
tonnes, or 473kg per person. Of this,
9.1m tonnes 178kg per person was
recycled, a bit more than a third. Almos
all of the remainder went to landll.
Defra has a policy of encouraging more
incineration, but no formal targets, said
spokesman.
We cant keep on sending waste to
landll, said the spokesman. People
are already reducing the amount of was
they produce, and are reusing and
recycling more, and we are working har
to increase this. Some waste will alwaybe produced, but it can be valuable in
generating renewable energy through
anaerobic digestion or incineration.
In 2006, Wrap published a preliminary
analysis of a different set of materials.
But it used a much smaller collection o
evidence. And it did not examine the
newer energy-from-waste options of
gasication and pyrolysis, both of whic
involve not burning but heating materia
until a chemical reaction changes them
into gases and residue
published by the Department for
Environment Food and Rural Affairs
warning that biopolymer plastics made
rom crops should be recycled rather than
put into compost, despite being widely
marketed as biodegradable.
Wrap, the governments waste and
packaging agency, said it had analysed
200 reports covering seven different ma-
erials: paper and cardboard, plastics, bio
polymers, food, garden cuttings, wood
nd textiles. The experts then looked at
he evidence for seven methods of
disposal, including recycling, compost-
ng, incineration and landll, measured by
our different criteria: energy use, water
use, other resource use, and greenhouse
gas emissions.
n more than four out of ve cases,
ecycling was the clear winner, said Keith
ames, Wraps environmental policy
manager.
But there were different messages for
different materials, said James.
For biopolymers, I think the preferable
option is recycling, which isnt what
people have commonly thought, he said
Recycling still the most eective waste disposalmethod, report nds
Report for UK government refutes
persistent claims that recycling is a waste
of time, calls for better facilities and an
ncrease in incineration.
Recycling is almost always the best way
o get rid of waste, even when it is export-
d abroad, according to the biggest ever
eport on the industry for the UK
government.
The report, which addresses persistent
laims that householders are often
wasting their time recycling, calls for
better recycling facilities but also an
increase in incineration of waste, anoption that is opposed by many
environment groups.
t also backed up l ast weeks controver-
ial reportext by Juliette Jowit guardian.co.uk, uesday 16 March 2010.http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/mar/16/recycling-waste-disposal
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aken romhttp://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/09/20/g-e-says-eco-eco-hello-hello/ http://www.interbiketimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/05/Vadermark-ad.jpg
How much do you recycle? According
o the latest data from Defra, English
household rates are at a record high - at
40% of household rubbish.
The gures show that the average
ecycling rate for English councils was
41.2% between April 2010 and March
2011, up from 39.7% the year before.
Recycling rates have been nudging up
nnually in the past decade but the rate
of progress been begun to slow since
2008, a trend that continued last year.
But it also shows that recycling is not at
he same rate around the country - its
tronger in some boroughs than others.
Rochford district council and South
Oxfordshire district council topped the
ecycling league tables. The two
ouncils came top with recycling, reuse
nd composting rates of 65.79% and
65.11% respectively, with Ashford
borough council bottom of the rankings
with a rate of just 14%.
nterestingly, were also producing less
ubbish than ever before - around 449kg
per person per year. And despite a
growing population - theres a 0.9%
eduction to 23.5m tonnes of total
ubbish. But that rate of decrease is
lowing.
But, good as those gures are, were
till worse than other countries, as
Hanna Garsman writes :
he UK produces more household waste
per head of population than many of its
European neighbours, with an average
of 449kg per year, compared to 406kg
or the European average
Weve extracted the key data below.
What can you do with it?
Recycling rates in England: how does your towncompare?
by Simon Rogers
Friday 4 November 2011 12.45
guardian.co.uk
taken from.: http://www.guard-
ian.co.uk/news/datablog/2011/
nov/04/recycling-rates-england-
data
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Our waste costs are actually lower now
than when we started and we even turn a
slight prot some years when the
commodity prices are high. As a
non-prot, this money just gets
reinvested.
Further proof that the system works is
provided by neighbouring regions which
use different systems. For example, one
charges according to the number of people
who live in the home, whereas another
offers one option: a weekly collection of a
100l bin.
These regions both produce 100kg more
waste per person per year than we do
here, says Weiss. But he also believes
that Neustadt has probably gone as far asit can with maximising recycling.
Getting to 80% would be impossible.
There are behavioural issues such as those
few people who still mix up their waste.
Plus, there is a xed percentage of people
who live in high-density housing without
access to gardens or outside storage.
Gabrielle Stahl lives on a hill overlooking
the town in the leafy suburb of Hambach.
She didnt even know Neustadt boasted
Germanys best recycling rates, but isnt
surprised:
We are all very normalised to the
system here. There is no controversy
or debate whatsoever about our
rubbish.
Stahl, who lives with her husband
and shares bins with her mother who
lives next door, opens the cupboard
beneath her sink to reveal two waste
caddies containing vegetable peel-
ings and non-recyclable domestic
waste. In the cellar below, the family
stores its bottles and yellow bag
material.
They have paid extra to have a
dedicated wheelie bin for their paper
and card outside. The bags kept
splitting, she explains.
One day every fortnight, four
lorries pull up outside Stahls home
to separately collect each waste
stream. If they miss a bag, you just
ring them up and a car comes back
to collect it. Once or twice a year,
I will drive down to the depot and
get rid of things like old furniture
or a broken appliance, but thats it.
And in the summer, I buy a chemical
patch from the supermarket to stick
on the inside of the bin to kill the
ies and maggots.
The only thing that could be improved is that I
would like a separate collection for organic waste
as sometimes I produce too much for my
compost heap.
Back at the recycling depot, Stefan Weiss moves
on to the subject of enforcement. Or rather, the
lack of it. In theory, we have the power to ne
people if they dont sort their waste. But we
never do this because it costs too much to in-
vestigate. And we just dont have an issue with
ytipping because we make the system so cheap
and easy to use. We still get the odd complaint
about the move to fortnightly collections, or that
our bins are ugly, but that really is about it.
A car towing a trailer full of construction waste
pulls up at the weigh-station by the entrance gate.
Weiss wanders over to inspect the contents. Thisweighs about half of tonne. If will cost 270 to
dump it as it is. Or if the car owner sorts it into
separate types of waste timber, paper,
plasterboard etc it will cost him just 17.
That, in summary, is our system. We provide a
major incentive to recycle.
Text and photos taken from,
Leo Hickman in Neustadt an der Weinstrasse
The Guardian, Friday 18 March 2011
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/
mar/18/recycling-waste
Photo 1: taken from
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/5/5d/Glass_and_plastic_recy-
cling_065_ubt.JPG
photo 2 : taken from German Missions in South
Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland
http://www.southafrica.diplo.de/Vertretung/
suedafrika/en/10__GIC/05__Env/Nature__Env/
Awareness.html
photo 3 : Taken from the guardian
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/
mar/18/recycling-waste
A small town in Germany whererecycling pays...
he less waste households put out
r incineration, the less t hey pay.
s why Neustadt an der
einstrasses recycling rates are
e toast of Germany.
he citizens of Neustadt an der
einstrasse take their recycling
ry seriously. So much so that
ere is even a collection point
the recycling depot for dead
imals.
eople bring their dead dogs
re, says Stefan Weiss, one of
e towns waste managers, as he
eps into a refrigerated shed and
ens the lid on a wheelie bin
ntaining a deers head recently
posited by a local hunter.
All these animals get rendered
wn at a nearby facility for their
t. It then gets used to produce
ings like this. Weiss pulls a tube
lip balm from his pocket.
ocated in the south-western state
Rheinland-Pfalz and set in the
art of Palatinate wine-growing
gion, the predominantly
iddle-class, medieval town of
eustadt boasts the best recycling
tes in Germany. Over the past 30
ars, the town has nurtured and
ned a system that means it now
cycles about 70% of its
aste 16% higher than the state
rget. By comparison, UK
cycling rates average about 40%
up from just 5% in theid-1990s.
he reason for Neustadts suc-
ss is simple, says Weiss. Its all
out providing nancial incen-
ves and education. We dont
arge citizens anything for the
cycled waste they leave out. And
e less waste you put out for in-
neration weve had no landll
Germany since 2005 the less
u pay.
Having no incentive to reduce
waste is poisonous to your aims.
We have a separate, visible fee
that is intentionally not embedded
within a local tax.
For example, the majority of
Neustadts 28,000 households opt
for a 60-litre bin for their
non-recycled waste. This is
collected once a fortnight and
costs the household 6.60 in
collection fees. If a householdopts for a 40l bin, the fee falls to
5.30. Conversely, if they opt for
a 240l bin (the standard wheelie
bin volume in the UK), the fee
rises to 24, or 48 if they want it
collected weekly. If they produce
higher than expected waste due to,
say, having a party, they can buy
special 60l plastic sacks for 3 and
leave them out by their bins for
collection.
When it comes to recycling,
householders are asked to sort
their items and bag them into three
groupings: paper/cardboard; glass;
and plastics/foils/cans. The latter
grouping goes into a
yellow bag and can include
anything from Styrofoam and
yoghurt pots through to
aluminium foil and Tetrapaks.
Compost bins are provided for
those with gardens to dispose of
organic waste.
Everything else batteries, toys,
timber, old TVs, tins of paint, deadpets must be taken to the
recycling depot a mile or so from
the town centre.
Larger loads of waste debris
from a house renovation, say can
be dumped at the depot for a fee of
5 for loads up to 100kg, although
households are limited to one load
a week.
Bigger loads command much higher
commercial fees. For those without a
car, a calendar is provided each year to
households marking pick-up days for
different types of waste, or private rms
are available to take away waste on
demand for a fee.
We started this simple fee system in
2006 and we nd it works, says Weiss.
We have been sorting our waste since
the early 1980s, but in 1989 we joined
up with other towns in the region and
formed our own waste company to
process the waste more efciently.
-
7/31/2019 Group 9 Publishing Newspaper
13/13
Ambitious targets to increase
the amount of rubbish recycled
in the UK could help create
more than 50,000 jobs, a report
suggested today.
The study by Friends of the
Earth said 51,400 jobs could be
created if 70% of waste col-
lected by local councils were
recycled.
And another 18,800 jobs would
be created if commercial and
industrial waste were recycled
at the same rate.
According to the study,
recycling creates 10 times
more jobs per tonne than
sending rubbish to landll or
incineration, with posts gener-
ated in collection, sorting and
reprocessing, as well as in the
supply chain and in the wider
economy.
In 2008, the UK recycled
around 37% of municipal waste
rubbish collected by local
councils from households and
other sources such as street
sweepings and public bins
Under EU rules, that has to riseto 50% by 2020.
While Wales and Scotland have
announced they plan to recycle
70% of council-collected waste
by 2025, Northern Ireland and
England, where most rubbish is
thrown away, are still aiming to
recycle only 50%.
If the UK were to set and meet
the ambitious 70% target, it
could create 29,400 jobs in the
recycling industry, a further14,700 in the supply chain and
7,300 in the wider economy,
the report estimates.
The Friends of the Earth waste
campaigner Julian Kirby said:
Recycling is a win-win for the
environment and the economy
saving precious resources and
creating many more jobs than
expensive and outdated
incinerators.
The government must be
ambitious in setting recycling
rates better product design, as
well as action to stop
supermarkets and producers
selling products that cant be
recycled, means that we couldeasily achieve upwards of 75%
recycling rates by 2025.
If the coalition is serious
about creating a green, jobs-
rich economy then it must
unlock the wealth in our waste
and help consumers to recycle
as much as possible.
Increased recycling could create 50,000 jobs, report nds
http://www.guardian.co.uk/envi-
ronment/2010/sep/14/recycling-
jobs-england