Download - G&U_S_SetBU28
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
Grammar & UsageGrammar & UsageGrammar & UsageGrammar & Usage
28.1 28.1 Connecting ideasConnecting ideas
Part APart A
Grammar PracticeGrammar Practice
Part BPart B Part CPart C Part DPart D
Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives
28.2 28.2 Connectives include …Connectives include …
28.3 28.3 Functions of connectivesFunctions of connectives
Part APart A
Language PracticeLanguage Practice
Part BPart B
Part EPart E
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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28.128.1 Connecting ideasConnecting ideas
We often need linking words to help us to connect our ideas. We need to use connectives. Teacher’s notesTeacher’s notesTeacher’s notesTeacher’s notes
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Compare:Compare:
Example 1: (without a connective)
John: Have you finished the novel?
May: No. I think I can return it to youtomorrow. Have you decided onthe date of your party?
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(with a connective)
John: Have you finished the novel?
May: No, but I think I can return it toyou tomorrow. By the way, have you decided on the date of your party?
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Example 2: (without a connective)
It is a small second-hand bookshop. Itoffers a wide range of novels.
(with a connective)
It is a small second-hand bookshop. Inspite of this, it offers a wide range ofnovels.
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28.228.2 Connectives include:Connectives include:
• conjunctionsShe lacks experience and she’s aware of this.
• some adverbs
I don’t think he’ll go to the exhibition. Firstly, he’s not interested in photography; secondly, he’s been busy setting up his own website lately.
• some prepositional phrases
He’s bought a video camera. In this way, he’ll be able to make his own home movies.
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28.328.3 Functions of connectivesFunctions of connectives
Here are some common connectives and their functions:
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He collects many different things, for example/instance, stamps, old coins and badges.
• to give examples
Hong Kong is a popular tourist destination.
it is one of the busiest ports in the world.
• to add information
In addition, Besides this,
Furthermore, Moreover,
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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I would advise you to read that book, because, firstly/in the first place, it is well-written and, in the second place/secondly, it has an exciting plot.
We also have firstly, secondly, next, at first, finally, in the end, etc.
• to show sequences, or orders of information
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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Tourism is one of Hong Kong’s leadingindustries.
Thailand relies heavily on tourism.
• to show similarity
Similarly,
In a similar way,
In the same way,
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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He is very clever. On the other hand, he often makes mistakes because he rushes.
He’s not ignorant. On the contrary, he’s very well-read.
You can also use however, in contrast, nonetheless.
• to show contrast
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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• indicate the end of a speech or a piece of writing
our success is the result of teamwork.
The new timetable seems to be working well. Indeed, there are less delays in getting to class on time.
• to emphasise
To conclude,
In conclusion,
To sum up,
In short,
In summary,
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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Grammar PracticeGrammar Practice
Use words from the box to complete the sentences below. There may be more than one possible answer. The first one has been done for you.
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
1 He can sometimes be stubborn. __________________ this,
he has many good points. ____________________________ ,
he’s always ready to help his friends.
2 He’s shy. ___________________ , he always participates in
class discussions.
3 She’s very outgoing. ____________________ , she is very
popular.
In spite of
For example/For one thing
However
For this reason
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
4 __________________ she is hard-working, many of her
classmates like to do projects with her.
5 He is very sporty. ____________________ , he practises
every day. _________________________ , I’ve never
met such a dedicated athlete.
6 I agree that she spoke well, __________________ don’t you
think Chris was even better?
As
What’s more
To be frank/In fact
but
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
7 ____________________ Physics, I really enjoy Chemistry.
8 ___________________ the heat, I really enjoy summer.
9 He’s stubborn. _____________________ this, he has few
friends.
10 There are many advantages to booking this venue. ________
___________________________ , it can accommodate many
students.
In addition to
In spite of
Because of
P.242P.242BOXBOXBOXBOX
For one thing/For example
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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Use the words provided in the box to complete the short dialogues below. Some words may be used more than once. The first one has been done for you.
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
secondly
BOXBOXBOXBOX P.242P.242
1 Mr Chan Do you like the flat the agent showed us?
Mrs Chan Yes, I do. _________________ , it
faces south; __________________ , it’s above
a market.
Firstly
2 John I’d like to help more around the house.
Peter You could do many things, _________________ ,
you could help clear away the dishes after dinner.
for instance
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
what’s more
BOXBOXBOXBOX P.242P.242
3 Mr Wong Did you buy the car?
Mr Lee Yes. It was a bargain! The car is quite new and
__________________ , the engine is in
perfect working condition.
4 John Tomorrow’s a public holiday. What shall we
do?
Jane We can go cycling in Tai Po _______________ ,
if you like, we could go hiking on Lantau Island.
or
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
5 Belinda Did you call Ruth when you got home last night?
Tom I was going to, but ______________________
__________________ , I thought it was a little
late.
6 David Which country do you like better – Canada or
Australia?
Lily ______________________ the climate is
concerned, I like Australia better.
on second
thoughts
As far as
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
7 Rose What do you think of Marc? You’ve known
him for years, haven’t you?
Connie He’s very punctual, and __________________ ,
he’s very honest.
8 Peter Do you find it hard to finish a novel?
Mike ____________________ . Once I start reading, I
find it hard to stop.
what’s more
On the contrary
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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Some of the underlined expressions in the following sentences are incorrect. Write any corrections above an error, and tick sentences that are correct. The first two have been done for you.
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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1 She may not have been honest with us. Even though, you
should still talk to her and find out what the problem is.
2 I don’t think this is his fault. To the best of my knowledge,
he’s not a busybody.
Even so
Teacher’s notesTeacher’s notesTeacher’s notesTeacher’s notes
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
3 The novel was very good. I was so carried away that I
couldn’t put it down.
4 I’m grateful to you. Without you, we would not have given
such a good presentation.
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
5 The camping trip was brilliant! The temperature was perfect,
and at the same time, there was so much to do.
6 The hotel is conveniently located near the beach. However,
it offers a frequent shuttle service to and from the city centre.
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Moreover
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
7 I don’t think he’s selfish. On the other hand, I think he
always shows concern for his family and friends.
8 On the one hand, I can’t wait to move into a new flat.
On the other hand, I’m a little nervous about living in a new
area.
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On the contrary
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
9 The hotel is easy to get to. However, it’s in a beautiful area
and the food and service are excellent.
10 They book a tour so as to it would save them the trouble of
arranging hotels and meals.
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Moreover
so that
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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Read the following information, then choose one of the expressions from the list below (A-L) to complete each blank in the passage. Each expression can be used ONCE only. The first one has been done for you.
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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Some Facts About VitaminsSome Facts About Vitamins
A vitamin is a natural substance found A vitamin is a natural substance found
in food that is necessary for good health. in food that is necessary for good health.
Lack of a particular vitamin can cause Lack of a particular vitamin can cause
illness. Scurvy, for example, is caused illness. Scurvy, for example, is caused
by a Vitamin C deficiency, which can be caused by not eating by a Vitamin C deficiency, which can be caused by not eating
foods such as fruit and vegetables. Another example is rickets, foods such as fruit and vegetables. Another example is rickets,
which is a disease that children get when their bones become which is a disease that children get when their bones become
soft and bent because of lack of vitamin D. Eye diseases and soft and bent because of lack of vitamin D. Eye diseases and
skin diseases may also occur when our bodies lack vitamin A.skin diseases may also occur when our bodies lack vitamin A.
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
Our bodies are (1) ________ . In order to always do their work
properly, (2) ________ . Carbohydrates consist of three chemical
elements, namely carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. Carbohydrates
are converted into sugars (3) ________ . To make a comparison,
carbohydrates are for our bodies (4) ________ . In addition to
carbohydrates, our bodies need (5) ________ .
Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are found in plentiful amounts
in the food (6) ________ .
C
INFORMATIONINFORMATIONINFORMATIONINFORMATION LISTLISTLISTLIST P.244P.244
E
D
B
A
I
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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Healthy eating is therefore important for humans, (7) ________ .
There is another nutrient (8) ________ . Vitamins constitute an
essential part of our daily food and without them, (9) ________ .
A lack of vitamin A, for instance (10) ________ ; insufficient
vitamin C can cause scurvy, and finally, vitamin D deficiency is
(11) ________ .
G
INFORMATIONINFORMATIONINFORMATIONINFORMATION LISTLISTLISTLIST
F
H
J
K
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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Read the first draft of Fiona’s email below. Complete the second draft by inserting ONE appropriate word into each blank. The first one has been done for you.
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First draftFirst draft
Dear Alex
I have good news. I have bad news.
The bad news.
My brother fell off his bicycle and hurt himself yesterday.
Thankfully, he suffered only minor injuries. He couldn’t
take part in today’s swimming gala. This made him sad.
He’s been training very hard for months. His team won the
400 m relay.
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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The good news.
My sister passed her driving test. She was ecstatic! She
has promised to take me for a drive around town next
week. Next time you visit Hong Kong, my sister’ll be able
to drive us around.
It’s getting late. I’ll write again later this week.
Regards
Fiona
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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First
but
FIRST DRAFTFIRST DRAFTFIRST DRAFTFIRST DRAFT
which
Dear Alex
I have good news (1) bad news.
(2) , the bad news.
My brother fell off his bike and hurt himself
yesterday. Thankfully, he suffered only minor
injuries, (3) he couldn’t take part in today’s
swimming gala, (4) made him sad.
(1) ____________
(2) ____________
(3) ____________
(4) ____________
and
Second draftSecond draft
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
He’s been training very hard for months. (5) ,
his team won the 400 m relay, (6) he was
pleased about that.
(7) the good news.
My sister passed her driving test! She was
ecstatic. She has promised to take me for a
drive around town next week.
(5) ____________
(6) ____________
(7) ____________
However
P.245P.245FIRST DRAFTFIRST DRAFTFIRST DRAFTFIRST DRAFT
so
Now
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
(8) you visit Hong Kong next time, my sister’ll
be able to drive us around, (9) some places are
easier to get to by MTR or bus.
It’s getting late. I’ll write again later this week.
Regards
Fiona
(8) ____________
(9) ____________
When
P.245P.245FIRST DRAFTFIRST DRAFTFIRST DRAFTFIRST DRAFT
although
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Language PracticeLanguage Practice
Complete the following passage by inserting ONEappropriate word into each blank. The first one has beendone for you.
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
Older women are more optimistic (1) men of
a younger age, a British study has (2) .
Wealth also appears to help people live
longer, claim researchers at University
College London, who (3) 9,800 respondents
over the age of 50.
(1) ____________
(2) ____________
(3) ____________
than
found/ shown
interviewed
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
One of the authors of the report, Dr Elizabeth
Breeze, said women become happier (4) they
grow older (5) they no longer have to worry so
much worry about (6) families. ‘The difference
(7) the way men and women view quality of life
is influenced by different things,’ she added.
(4) ____________
(5) ____________
(6) ____________
(7) ____________
as/when
because/as
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their
in
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
Researchers interviewed people (8) before
1952. They found that the poorest fifth of the
population was twice as likely to have died by
2008 as those in the wealthiest fifth.
(8) ____________born
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
According to the study, people have a greater
chance of living longer (9) they are married,
educated to degree level and are professionals.
The study also (10) that exercise increases (11)
expectancy, with the physically inactive being
twice as likely to die before the (12) active.
(9) ____________
(10) ____________
(11) ____________
(12) ____________
found
life
physically
if
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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Decide which of the choices on the next page would best complete the following article. The first one has been done for you.
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
he proportion of Hong Kong women who are
underweight is increasing, (1) the amount of money
spent on advertising diet pills and weight loss programmes
(2) .
(1) A whenB thoughC forD as
(2) A are increasedB soarsC on the riseD have accumulated
T
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(3) A outB byC inD from
(4) A to beingB beingC to beD were
A survey of more than 1,000 residents aged between 15
and 54 by ACNielsen found only one (3) 50 women were
medically overweight – but almost half incorrectly believed
themselves (4) overweight.
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(5) A less worryingB concernC more worryingD less of a concern
(6) A from takingB wanted to takeC to takingD and they take
Even (5) is the fact that few of the young women
surveyed were overweight. More than 40 percent were
underweight but that did not stop them (6) diet pills. In fact,
diet pills were used by one in six women in the past year.
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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(7) A UsingB To useC In order to useD Due to
(8) A ofB the wholeC all the lotD as many
(7) the standard Body Mass Index measure – weight in
kilograms divided by a person’s height in metres square –
more than twice (8) women were underweight (9) findings of a
survey six years ago.
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
(7) the standard Body Mass Index measure – weight in
kilograms divided by a person’s height in metres square –
more than twice (8) women were underweight (9) findings of a
survey six years ago.
(9) A as a resultB compared toC was found byD to be the same
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
The director of the Hong Kong Eating Disorders Centre,
Dr Lee Sing, said these results were (10) with other studies in
the academic world.
(10) A agreedB consistentC passedD the same
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(11) A whatB in whichC whichD thus
(12) A thoseB all theC acceptabilityD what
From news programmes to soap operas, he said the media
showed mostly thin women, (11) twisted perceptions of (12)
was a normal body weight. This (13) in increased sales of diet
pills and herbs, which were at best unproven and (14)
dangerous, he said.
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(13) A was resultingB was madeC the causeD why there is
(14) A in addition toB as wellC at worstD for fear of
From news programmes to soap operas, he said the media
showed mostly thin women, (11) twisted perceptions of (12)
was a normal body weight. This (13) in increased sales of diet
pills and herbs, which were at best unproven and (14)
dangerous, he said.
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
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(15) A to have beenB have beenC of beingD undergoing
(16) A in factB on the contraryC as thoughD while
Photographs of models in some advertisements for diet
pills appeared (15) digitally manipulated to make the models
appear thinner, Dr Lee said, (16) other advertisements
portrayed women of normal weight as overweight.
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Unit 28 ConnectivesUnit 28 Connectives DEVELOPING SKILLS Set BGrammar & Usage
(17) A to beB of havingC they couldD having been
(18) A arguablyB impossibleC misledD unreal
Advertisements also falsely claimed (17) able to reduce
fat in specific areas of the body, which Dr Lee said was (18) .
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