Download - Heat Shield Design Project
Heat Shield Design Project
Non-Ablating Heat Shield Design Team1 October 2009
Design Supervisor: Devin Tegelberg
Materials Manager: Corey Ndifon
Spokesperson: Andrew Hollands
Aviation High School 615 S 200th St Des Moines
Phone (206) 716-0006
Abstract
Devin Tegelberg- Design Supervisor. Devin was in charge of keeping the group on task and to help with the design and building.
Corey Ndifon- Materials Manager. Corey was in charge of materials and made sure our design was precise in measurement and in neatness.
Andrew Hollands- As a spokesperson, Andrew agreed with our designs and he took pictures of all of the designs and testing.
The reason that people should care about this project is that we are searching for solutions that do not only protect a chocolate bunny from extreme heat, but learning future ideas for heat shields in future missions to the moon and soon to different planets and reentry. Our challenge was to come up with a design that will protect a chocolate bunny from intense heat. We also had to consider the best area, mass and specific heat capacity. Our first design was an aluminum can with four tiles on the bottom with fiberglass insulation. For our second design, we cut the can in half and added sawdust. For our third design we used one tile instead of the usual four and we put a thin layer of aluminum foil between the tile and the can. Our results were great: the ‘astronaut’ survived, so we tried to develop our figure of merit to make it better. Our first Figure of Merit was 0.03452 and our last one was 0.013. our temperature changes were the first one with 4.2 degrees of temperature change and the last one with 4.65 degrees of temperature change. Our good records mean that if we upgrade to better parts of our design to withstand real reentry heat, we might be able to leave the atmosphere and come back successfully.
Rationale:
Our HS1 design was the best design we could think of because, according to our figure of merit, all the factors were exceeding in quality. The area of our shield is really not that space consuming. The weight of our shield is a pretty typical weight according to all of the other designs in the class. Our design is pretty simple and cheap. The construction of our design consists of a soda can, tiles, fiberglass insulation, and caulk. Our insulating design is perfect for low temperature change using fiberglass. Our figure of merit explains all this. Because of all the fiberglass, we hope that this won’t fail and our astronaut won’t perish as well.
Budget as of 8 October 2009: $1,752,000
FoM=95/2*4.2C*187g*$1,752,000
FoM: 0.03452
Before:
After:
Lessons Learned:
In the designing we found out that tiles cost a lot of money. In the building, we found that it was easy to assemble. In the testing, we found out that our design was a good one and protected the chocolate. In the whole process we learned that we could make a good design that withstood the heat of the gun.
Rational:
The only thing we changed was the mass. We cut the can in half and used less fiberglass. We also added a centimeter of sawdust below the fiberglass to help insulate and compensate for the loss of fiberglass. The construction of the design includes caulk as well. We hope to achieve a better FoM with these changes while still protecting the “astronaut” from perishing. We think making the design smaller with sawdust will not increase the temperature as much as our first design. If this works, we should be in good hands.
Vermiculite $385,000
Can $1,000
Caulk $15,000
Tiles $12,000
Testing Apparatus $150,000
Hershey Kiss $50,000
Budget as of 15 October 2009:
$200,250
FoM= 90.25/3*4.25*172*7.9=.0052093254
FoM=.0052093254
Lessons Learned:
In the design we learned to use less can to have a smaller cost. In the building, we learned that the can is hard to cut. Ion the testing we learned that the tiles could break with enough force from the meteor.
In the whole process, we learned that less can doesn’t really help our FoM.
Rationale:
Last round, we had less cost but our tile cracked and our change in temperature increased. The construction of our new design has a layer of foil on the bottom of the heat shield. We also have one tile under the can instead of four. These changes increased area and decreased cost. This design is better than other designs because it uses minimum cost and complexity at maximum heat resistance.
Budget as of 11/2/09:
$1,593,062.50
Foil $39,062.5Can $1,000Tile $3,00
Vermiculite $385,000Caulk $15,000
Testing Apparatus $150,000Astronaut 1,000,000
Budget as of 11/2/09:$1,593,062.50
FoM= 157/55*15.930625*4.65*3FoM= .0128448767
FoM=0.013
Lessons Learned:
In the design we learned to increase area for a better FoM. In the building, we learned that foil is cheap. In the testing we learned that foil is a bad heat reflector compared with other materials. In the whole
process, we learned that increasing area helps your FoM a lot.
Summary of Data
Our first design was a can on four tiles filled with fiberglass insulation.
Our second design had a smaller can, less fiberglass, and sawdust.
Conclusion and Evaluation:
Testing to find out the different specific heat capacities of the materials available would help in the choosing of a suitable insulation and materials for the shield. Our next heat shield could use a smaller can and less fiberglass insulation. The tests give good data for temperature change, heat protection, and overview of how the shield protects. The meteorite test is not as good as it could be in modeling a meteor. The materials available are limited and more should be offered. There are many other tests that could be done to help decide the best heat shield.
Appendix:
Test 1
0 28.0255454854 27.9556847435
1 28.0952256696 27.9092431135
2 28.0487711111 27.8860238501
3 27.9790974845 27.9092431135
4 28.0719978354 27.9556847435
5 27.9790974845 27.9324634075
6 28.0255454854 27.9556847435
7 27.9556847435 27.8860238501
8 28.0255454854 27.769942596
9 28.0255454854 27.862805606
10 27.9324634075 27.8860238501
11 27.9556847435 27.862805606
12 27.9556847435 27.8860238501
13 28.0023209469 27.8860238501
14 28.0023209469 27.9324634075
15 28.0487711111 27.9790974845
16 27.9790974845 27.7931568762
17 28.0023209469 27.8860238501
18 27.9324634075 27.9092431135
19 27.9790974845 27.8163721303
20 27.862805606 27.9092431135
21 27.862805606 27.862805606
22 27.9324634075 27.862805606
23 27.9790974845 27.769942596
24 27.862805606 27.769942596
25 27.9092431135 27.769942596
26 27.862805606 27.8395883698
27 27.9790974845 27.8860238501
28 27.8395883698 27.7467292786
29 27.862805606 27.862805606
30 27.8163721303 27.769942596
31 27.9556847435 27.8163721303
32 27.862805606 27.7467292786
33 27.769942596 27.8163721303
34 27.9324634075 27.8163721303
35 27.9556847435 27.769942596
36 27.8395883698 27.6536951709
37 27.8163721303 27.7467292786
38 27.8163721303 27.7233266511
39 27.9092431135 27.7931568762
40 27.9092431135 27.862805606
41 27.862805606 27.7233266511
42 27.8395883698 27.7001152328
43 27.8860238501 27.7931568762
44 27.8163721303 27.769942596
45 27.9092431135 27.8163721303
46 27.862805606 27.8163721303
47 27.7931568762 27.7233266511
48 27.8163721303 27.7001152328
49 27.9324634075 27.7931568762
50 27.8395883698 27.6536951709
51 27.8860238501 27.7001152328
52 27.862805606 27.7467292786
53 27.9092431135 27.6536951709
54 27.8860238501 27.8163721303
55 27.862805606 27.7467292786
56 27.769942596 27.6769047432
57 27.7931568762 27.862805606
58 27.8163721303 27.6769047432
59 27.8860238501 27.7931568762
60 27.7931568762 27.7931568762
61 27.862805606 27.7467292786
62 27.8163721303 27.769942596
63 27.7931568762 27.7467292786
64 27.9092431135 27.769942596
65 27.7931568762 27.769942596
66 27.862805606 27.7001152328
67 27.7931568762 27.8163721303
68 27.862805606 27.7931568762
69 27.8395883698 27.6769047432
70 27.9092431135 27.769942596
71 27.9092431135 27.769942596
72 27.9556847435 27.7467292786
73 27.862805606 27.7001152328
74 27.9556847435 27.7931568762
75 27.9092431135 27.6536951709
76 27.9324634075 27.769942596
77 27.8163721303 27.6769047432
78 27.8860238501 27.7233266511
79 27.8163721303 27.7467292786
80 27.9324634075 27.8395883698
81 27.9324634075 27.7467292786
82 27.8395883698 27.7931568762
83 27.9556847435 27.8163721303
84 28.0487711111 27.7931568762
85 27.9092431135 27.7467292786
86 27.9324634075 27.8395883698
87 27.9790974845 27.7931568762
88 27.9556847435 27.862805606
89 28.0023209469 27.8163721303
90 27.9790974845 27.7931568762
91 28.0719978354 27.8860238501
92 27.9324634075 27.8395883698
93 28.1184546251 27.8395883698
94 28.0952256696 27.8860238501
95 28.1184546251 27.8163721303
96 28.0255454854 27.8163721303
97 28.0719978354 27.8860238501
98 28.0719978354 27.7931568762
99 28.0952256696 27.862805606
100 28.0952256696 28.0023209469
101 28.1184546251 27.9556847435
102 28.0952256696 27.9556847435
103 28.164915945 27.9790974845
104 28.1881483321 27.9092431135
105 28.1416847131 27.862805606
106 28.2580430009 28.0023209469
107 28.2115723295 27.9790974845
108 28.1416847131 27.862805606
109 28.1184546251 27.9790974845
110 28.2115723295 27.9324634075
111 28.2115723295 28.0255454854
112 28.2580430009 28.0255454854
113 28.2115723295 27.9556847435
114 28.164915945 27.9092431135
115 28.2812801318 27.8860238501
116 28.3277580407 28.0255454854
117 28.2580430009 28.0255454854
118 28.3509988412 28.0952256696
119 28.3277580407 28.0255454854
120 28.3277580407 28.0719978354
121 28.3277580407 28.2115723295
122 28.3742408877 28.1184546251
123 28.4674123142 28.0487711111
124 28.4441651605 28.1416847131
125 28.4207287634 28.1184546251
126 28.4441651605 28.1184546251
127 28.3742408877 28.2348070706
128 28.4441651605 28.2812801318
129 28.4207287634 28.164915945
130 28.5139105409 28.2348070706
131 28.4674123142 28.1881483321
132 28.4674123142 28.2348070706
133 28.5139105409 28.3045184746
134 28.5371616365 28.2348070706
135 28.630179498 28.1881483321
136 28.5836678487 28.3742408877
137 28.6534373899 28.3277580407
138 28.6534373899 28.2812801318
139 28.5371616365 28.2812801318
140 28.6534373899 28.3045184746
141 28.5836678487 28.4441651605
142 28.700148032 28.4207287634
143 28.6534373899 28.4207287634
144 28.630179498 28.4906607706
145 28.6534373899 28.4906607706
146 28.6069229881 28.4674123142
147 28.700148032 28.4906607706
148 28.630179498 28.4674123142
149 28.8164730062 28.4674123142
150 28.7466736941 28.5139105409
151 28.7699386776 28.5836678487
152 28.839742374 28.4906607706
153 28.839742374 28.630179498
154 28.839742374 28.6069229881
155 28.8862855732 28.6534373899
156 28.8630132258 28.630179498
157 28.7932051112 28.5139105409
158 28.909750203 28.700148032
159 28.839742374 28.7466736941
160 28.8630132258 28.700148032
161 28.8630132258 28.7234101494
162 28.8630132258 28.7699386776
163 28.9795809578 28.6768873307
164 28.839742374 28.700148032
165 28.8164730062 28.700148032
166 28.9795809578 28.8164730062
167 29.0494256838 28.7932051112
168 29.0959967476 28.8862855732
169 29.0261425371 28.839742374
170 29.0727104168 28.8630132258
171 29.0959967476 28.839742374
172 28.9795809578 28.909750203
173 29.0494256838 28.8630132258
174 29.0959967476 28.8862855732
175 29.0494256838 29.0028609656
176 29.0727104168 29.0028609656
177 29.0959967476 28.9795809578
178 29.2592377299 28.9795809578
179 29.1660563588 28.9795809578
180 29.2126437121 29.0028609656
Test 2
0 23.4065467209 23.6390259428
1 23.4065467209 23.6854702985
2 23.4065467209 23.7319104094
3 23.4530137447 23.7319104094
4 23.4530137447 23.7783463702
5 23.4994760481 23.7551289027
6 23.4530137447 23.7319104094
7 23.4762454805 23.8017531186
8 23.4530137447 23.7551289027
9 23.4530137447 23.824968562
10 23.5459337264 23.8713964903
11 23.5227054594 23.8946089987
12 23.5459337264 23.8481830153
13 23.5459337264 23.8946089987
14 23.5459337264 23.8481830153
15 23.4994760481 23.9410311631
16 23.5459337264 23.9410311631
17 23.5691608609 23.9410311631
18 23.5691608609 23.9410311631
19 23.6158021434 23.9642408426
20 23.6158021434 23.9642408426
21 23.5691608609 23.9410311631
22 23.5925772473 23.9874496028
23 23.6854702985 23.9874496028
24 23.6622486572 24.0804658877
25 23.6854702985 24.1268737041
26 23.7319104094 24.1036702202
27 23.7551289027 24.1036702202
28 23.824968562 24.1500763509
29 23.8017531186 24.1268737041
30 23.824968562 24.1964791803
31 23.8481830153 24.1964791803
32 23.8946089987 24.2428788024
33 23.8946089987 24.2196793865
34 23.9642408426 24.1964791803
35 23.9874496028 24.2894654542
36 23.9642408426 24.2662675896
37 24.0106574553 24.3358589304
38 24.0804658877 24.3358589304
39 24.1500763509 24.3358589304
40 24.1732781724 24.3822494804
41 24.1500763509 24.4054436873
42 24.2196793865 24.4286371978
43 24.2196793865 24.4518300234
44 24.2662675896 24.4750221758
45 24.2894654542 24.4982136668
46 24.3358589304 24.5447847919
47 24.3590545653 24.5447847919
48 24.4054436873 24.5679743631
49 24.3822494804 24.5911633196
50 24.4982136668 24.6143516729
51 24.5447847919 24.6143516729
52 24.4982136668 24.6607266164
53 24.5447847919 24.6607266164
54 24.5679743631 24.6839132299
55 24.6143516729 24.6607266164
56 24.6839132299 24.7536598154
57 24.6375394346 24.7768442676
58 24.7304748414 24.7536598154
59 24.7536598154 24.8000282096
60 24.7304748414 24.823211653
61 24.7768442676 24.8927591078
62 24.823211653 24.8695770905
63 24.8463946095 24.8927591078
64 24.8695770905 24.9159406727
65 24.8927591078 24.9391217971
66 24.8927591078 24.9623024923
67 24.8927591078 25.032032113
68 24.9623024923 25.032032113
69 24.9856727705 25.0088526389
70 24.9856727705 25.0783899244
71 25.0552112043 25.1015682848
72 25.1015682848 25.1015682848
73 25.1247462971 25.1711013233
74 25.1711013233 25.1247462971
75 25.1944683348 25.1711013233
76 25.2871735686 25.1944683348
77 25.2176450673 25.2176450673
78 25.2639976728 25.2871735686
79 25.3798747085 25.3103492086
80 25.4495882724 25.3103492086
81 25.3566997671 25.40304944
82 25.4495882724 25.3798747085
83 25.5422840133 25.4262239732
84 25.5654575963 25.5191103009
85 25.61180442 25.4727624419
86 25.7046869617 25.5191103009
87 25.6583408074 25.5654575963
88 25.7046869617 25.5886310614
89 25.7278599594 25.61180442
90 25.8205516882 25.6349776836
91 25.7510329195 25.6349776836
92 25.8668975555 25.6815139148
93 25.8900705299 25.7278599594
94 25.9366065606 25.7278599594
95 26.0061262114 25.7510329195
96 26.0292996122 25.8205516882
97 26.0292996122 25.7973787725
98 26.0292996122 25.7973787725
99 26.1917071192 25.8900705299
100 26.0988205262 25.959779697
101 26.1917071192 25.959779697
102 26.1685327005 26.0061262114
103 26.2148817287 26.0061262114
104 26.3541240006 26.052473124
105 26.3075823036 26.0756467582
106 26.3307580384 26.0988205262
107 26.4004768163 26.1221843901
108 26.4004768163 26.1917071192
109 26.5163641892 26.1685327005
110 26.539542669 26.1685327005
111 26.539542669 26.2612315661
112 26.5163641892 26.2612315661
113 26.6324503199 26.3075823036
114 26.6092703221 26.2844068166
115 26.7251744961 26.3307580384
116 26.7947223403 26.4004768163
117 26.8180959444 26.3773002674
118 26.8412800193 26.4468308056
119 26.8412800193 26.4700082688
120 26.9108353454 26.4700082688
121 26.9108353454 26.4931860595
122 27.0035834406 26.4931860595
123 27.0035834406 26.5627215105
124 27.073340736 26.5860907201
125 27.073340736 26.5860907201
126 27.1197219834 26.6556307249
127 27.1197219834 26.6788115483
128 27.189298724 26.6556307249
129 27.2124923147 26.6788115483
130 27.2588815798 26.7019928016
131 27.2588815798 26.7483566431
132 27.3286610001 26.7715392541
133 27.3286610001 26.8180959444
134 27.3982570221 26.8180959444
135 27.4446582586 26.8876497084
136 27.4910627114 26.8412800193
137 27.4446582586 26.9108353454
138 27.514456368 26.9340215258
139 27.560865829 27.0267719079
140 27.560865829 27.0035834406
141 27.6769047432 27.0965310426
142 27.6536951709 27.0267719079
143 27.7467292786 27.073340736
144 27.8163721303 27.1197219834
145 27.862805606 27.1429135697
146 27.9092431135 27.1661058128
147 27.9324634075 27.189298724
148 27.9556847435 27.2356865962
149 27.9556847435 27.2588815798
150 28.0487711111 27.3054638362
151 28.0952256696 27.3286610001
152 28.1184546251 27.3286610001
153 28.2115723295 27.3750575818
154 28.3045184746 27.421457244
155 28.3509988412 27.4446582586
156 28.3509988412 27.4910627114
157 28.4207287634 27.514456368
158 28.5139105409 27.560865829
159 28.5139105409 27.6072787332
160 28.630179498 27.6072787332
161 28.630179498 27.6769047432
162 28.6768873307 27.7233266511
163 28.7234101494 27.7233266511
164 28.8164730062 27.8395883698
165 28.9330255878 27.8163721303
166 29.0261425371 27.862805606
167 29.0494256838 27.862805606
168 29.1427651529 27.9556847435
169 29.1427651529 27.9092431135
170 29.2825372664 28.0255454854
171 29.2825372664 28.0255454854
172 29.3524461233 28.0487711111
173 29.3992517388 28.1184546251
174 29.4691868268 28.1184546251
175 29.4925020907 28.1881483321
176 29.5391380386 28.1881483321
177 29.6092968733 28.1881483321
178 29.6792813029 28.2580430009
179 29.7026132195 28.3045184746
180 29.7726204499 28.2580430009
Test 3
0 22.7316129542 22.5684604369
1 22.8014301241 22.6150289425
2 22.8014301241 22.5684604369
3 22.7781592669 22.6150289425
4 22.7781592669 22.6150289425
5 22.847967301 22.7083374746
6 22.8246994648 22.7083374746
7 22.8246994648 22.6850604298
8 22.847967301 22.6617818079
9 22.8246994648 22.7316129542
10 22.847967301 22.7083374746
11 22.8712336449 22.754886881
12 22.8712336449 22.7781592669
13 22.894689198 22.754886881
14 22.894689198 22.754886881
15 22.9179525814 22.8014301241
16 22.894689198 22.8014301241
17 22.9179525814 22.8246994648
18 22.9412145088 22.8014301241
19 22.9644749922 22.8246994648
20 23.0109916755 22.8014301241
21 23.0109916755 22.8014301241
22 22.9877340438 22.894689198
23 22.9644749922 22.9179525814
24 23.0342478994 22.9179525814
25 23.0109916755 22.894689198
26 23.080756172 22.9179525814
27 23.0342478994 22.9644749922
28 23.080756172 22.9877340438
29 23.1040082448 22.9877340438
30 23.1040082448 23.0109916755
31 23.1971936003 22.9644749922
32 23.1739469051 23.0109916755
33 23.2436830681 23.0575027276
34 23.220438984 23.0575027276
35 23.2436830681 23.1506988863
36 23.2436830681 23.1040082448
37 23.2669258645 23.1274495319
38 23.3366466476 23.1274495319
39 23.3833114091 23.1506988863
40 23.3833114091 23.2436830681
41 23.3366466476 23.220438984
42 23.4297808288 23.220438984
43 23.3833114091 23.220438984
44 23.4762454805 23.2669258645
45 23.4994760481 23.3134076423
46 23.4994760481 23.3134076423
47 23.5227054594 23.3134076423
48 23.4994760481 23.3366466476
49 23.6390259428 23.3366466476
50 23.6390259428 23.4297808288
51 23.6158021434 23.4530137447
52 23.6854702985 23.4762454805
53 23.6622486572 23.4530137447
54 23.7319104094 23.5227054594
55 23.7783463702 23.4994760481
56 23.7319104094 23.5459337264
57 23.824968562 23.5691608609
58 23.824968562 23.5459337264
59 23.824968562 23.6390259428
60 23.8946089987 23.5691608609
61 23.9178205524 23.6390259428
62 23.9410311631 23.6854702985
63 23.9642408426 23.7319104094
64 24.0572606946 23.7319104094
65 24.0106574553 23.7319104094
66 24.0338644119 23.7551289027
67 24.0804658877 23.7783463702
68 24.1500763509 23.8017531186
69 24.1268737041 23.824968562
70 24.1964791803 23.8946089987
71 24.2196793865 23.9178205524
72 24.2196793865 23.8946089987
73 24.2894654542 23.8713964903
74 24.3126625639 23.9642408426
75 24.3822494804 24.0338644119
76 24.3590545653 24.0106574553
77 24.4286371978 24.0572606946
78 24.4054436873 24.0572606946
79 24.4518300234 24.1036702202
80 24.5215945941 24.1036702202
81 24.5215945941 24.1964791803
82 24.5679743631 24.1964791803
83 24.5911633196 24.1268737041
84 24.6143516729 24.2196793865
85 24.6143516729 24.2894654542
86 24.6839132299 24.2662675896
87 24.6375394346 24.2662675896
88 24.7304748414 24.3358589304
89 24.8000282096 24.3590545653
90 24.8463946095 24.3590545653
91 24.8463946095 24.3126625639
92 24.8927591078 24.4286371978
93 24.9391217971 24.4518300234
94 24.9391217971 24.4518300234
95 24.9856727705 24.4286371978
96 25.032032113 24.4518300234
97 24.9623024923 24.4982136668
98 25.0783899244 24.4982136668
99 25.1015682848 24.5679743631
100 25.1015682848 24.6143516729
101 25.1479239727 24.6143516729
102 25.1479239727 24.6607266164
103 25.1944683348 24.6607266164
104 25.2639976728 24.6839132299
105 25.2871735686 24.6839132299
106 25.3798747085 24.7536598154
107 25.3566997671 24.823211653
108 25.4262239732 24.7536598154
109 25.4959364475 24.8000282096
110 25.4495882724 24.8463946095
111 25.5191103009 24.823211653
112 25.5886310614 24.8927591078
113 25.5886310614 24.8927591078
114 25.6349776836 24.8695770905
115 25.6815139148 24.9623024923
116 25.6349776836 24.9623024923
117 25.7510329195 24.9856727705
118 25.7742058534 25.032032113
119 25.8205516882 25.0783899244
120 25.8668975555 25.1015682848
121 25.9366065606 25.0783899244
122 25.8668975555 25.0783899244
123 25.9829529101 25.1015682848
124 25.9829529101 25.1944683348
125 26.1221843901 25.1944683348
126 26.1221843901 25.2176450673
127 26.1221843901 25.2408215095
128 26.1453584613 25.2871735686
129 26.2148817287 25.2871735686
130 26.2380565406 25.2871735686
131 26.3075823036 25.3103492086
132 26.3075823036 25.3798747085
133 26.3773002674 25.3335246043
134 26.4236536586 25.3798747085
135 26.4468308056 25.40304944
136 26.5163641892 25.4495882724
137 26.4931860595 25.4959364475
138 26.5860907201 25.4727624419
139 26.6092703221 25.5191103009
140 26.6092703221 25.5422840133
141 26.6788115483 25.5654575963
142 26.7483566431 25.5654575963
143 26.7715392541 25.5886310614
144 26.7715392541 25.6815139148
145 26.8644646035 25.6583408074
146 26.8876497084 25.6349776836
147 26.9340215258 25.6583408074
148 26.9572082609 25.7278599594
149 27.0035834406 25.7046869617
150 27.0035834406 25.7742058534
151 27.073340736 25.8437246121
152 27.1197219834 25.7973787725
153 27.1661058128 25.8205516882
154 27.2124923147 25.8205516882
155 27.2356865962 25.8900705299
156 27.2588815798 25.9134334896
157 27.2822674084 25.8900705299
158 27.3750575818 25.959779697
159 27.421457244 25.9134334896
160 27.421457244 25.9829529101
161 27.4678600773 25.9829529101
162 27.5376606738 26.0292996122
163 27.584071845 26.0756467582
164 27.584071845 26.052473124
165 27.6072787332 26.0756467582
166 27.6769047432 26.1221843901
167 27.7001152328 26.1453584613
168 27.769942596 26.1221843901
169 27.8395883698 26.1453584613
170 27.862805606 26.2148817287
171 27.8395883698 26.2148817287
172 27.9556847435 26.2612315661
173 27.9790974845 26.2380565406
174 27.9790974845 26.2844068166
175 27.9790974845 26.3075823036
176 28.0487711111 26.2844068166
177 28.0952256696 26.3307580384
178 28.164915945 26.4004768163