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Torah
TANAK
Targum
Gemara
Midrash
Akkedah
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Tanakh
Torahor law
N viimor
prophets
Kituvim
or writings
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Tanakh
Torah
N viimKethuvim
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Targum
Targum means translation
An early Jewish translation of the Bible intoAramaic
(all except Ezra, Nehemiah, Daniel)
The Targum Onqelos is widely accepted byJews as the most authoritative Targum to
the Torah
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Talmud
The word Talmud means study orlearning
Talmud refers to the opinions and
teachings students acquire from theirteachers
The totality of ones acquired
knowledge Most commonly denotes two bodies of
material that are commentary on the
Mishna (the Jewish legal texts):
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Mishnah
An early 3rd century compendium oflargely legal material containing theregulations and beliefs that are
foundational to Rabbinic Judaism andall later Jewish thought.
It builds upon the legal material inthe Hebrew Bible, but standsindependent from it.
It comprises about 150 authoritiesfrom about 50 BCE to 200 CE
The Tosefta is a supplement to the
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Gemara
The Aramaic name for both thePalestinian and Babylonian Talmud.
Palestinian Talmud = 350-450 CE
Babylonian Talmud = 550-600 CE,and represents the fully expoundedsystem of Rabbinic Judaism
Oral Torah: includes Mishnah andTosefta
Written Torah: theological themes in theHebrew Bible