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Torah

TANAK

Targum

Gemara

Midrash

Akkedah

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Tanakh

Torahor law

N viimor

prophets

Kituvim

or writings

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Tanakh

Torah

N viimKethuvim

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Targum

Targum means translation

An early Jewish translation of the Bible intoAramaic

(all except Ezra, Nehemiah, Daniel)

The Targum Onqelos is widely accepted byJews as the most authoritative Targum to

the Torah

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Talmud

The word Talmud means study orlearning

Talmud refers to the opinions and

teachings students acquire from theirteachers

The totality of ones acquired

knowledge Most commonly denotes two bodies of

material that are commentary on the

Mishna (the Jewish legal texts):

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Mishnah

An early 3rd century compendium oflargely legal material containing theregulations and beliefs that are

foundational to Rabbinic Judaism andall later Jewish thought.

It builds upon the legal material inthe Hebrew Bible, but standsindependent from it.

It comprises about 150 authoritiesfrom about 50 BCE to 200 CE

The Tosefta is a supplement to the

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Gemara

The Aramaic name for both thePalestinian and Babylonian Talmud.

Palestinian Talmud = 350-450 CE

Babylonian Talmud = 550-600 CE,and represents the fully expoundedsystem of Rabbinic Judaism

Oral Torah: includes Mishnah andTosefta

Written Torah: theological themes in theHebrew Bible