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HG&D Seminar Week 2Chapter # 2Influences on Prenatal Dev’t
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General Risk Factors Have widespread effects on prenatal
development The most common types of risk factors
are associated with a pregnant woman’s; ____________________ ____________________ ____________________
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Nutrition
Current recommendations for weight gain during pregnancy range from 15 - 40 lbs.
Inadequate _________________ may result in premature birth and low birth weight.
______________ (B vitamin) is important for the baby’s nervous system and a lack of it may increase the risk of spina bifida.
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Stress (prolonged & extreme))
Seems to cause greater harm when experienced ___________ in pregnancy.
Increased stress can harm prenatal development in several ways:
Hormones secreted reduce the flow of oxygen, & increase the fetal heart rate & activity level
Weaken a woman’s ______________________ When under stress woman are more likely to
smoke or drink alcohol and less likely to rest, exercise, and eat properly
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Mother’s Age Problems of teenage motherhood – poor
____________ care, incomplete education, poverty, and marital/relationship difficulties.
Older mothers are more likely to have difficulty getting pregnant, miscarriages, and stillbirths.
Most likely to proceed normally when women are between the ages of ______________, are healthy and eat right, get good health care, and are free of chronic stress.
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Teratogens
An agent that causes abnormal prenatal development _________________ _________________ _________________
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Drugs
Alcohol, aspirin, caffeine, narcotics, marijuana, & _____________.
May cause Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, cognitive deficits, low birth weight, slowed growth, and other effects.
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Diseases
AIDS, Cytomegalovirus, Genital Herpes, Rubella (German Measles), Syphilis.
Effects include neurological disorders, deafness, blindness, mental disability, damage to bones, eyes, ears, or _______.
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Environmental Hazards
Lead, Mercury, PCBs, _________________.
Effects may include mental disability, retarded growth, cerebral palsy, impaired memory and verbal skill, retarded growth, and leukemia.
Treacherous because people are unaware of their presence in the environment
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How Teratogens Influence Prenatal Development
The effect of the teratogen depends upon the _______________ of the organism.
The impact of teratogens __________ over the course of prenatal development.
Each teratogen affects a ________________ of prenatal development.
The impact of teratogens depends on the _______________.
Damage from teratogens is not always evident at birth.
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The Real World of Prenatal Risk
Many infants are exposed to ___________ general risks and multiple teratogens Ie. Pregnant women who drink alcohol often
smoke, possibly drink coffee, & may have poor nutrition
When the risks are ____________ prenatal development will rarely be optimal
Despite this most babies are born healthy
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Short Answer Question: