Download - How Important is the Child Vaccination
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
1/25
Sanitary post high school Sf. Vasile cel Mare
Sientific Session MaY 2014
Take care of todays child!for the health of to"orro#s
ad$lt
%o# i"portant is the child
&accination'
Authors: Cristina Borcan
Roxana Fedea
Mihaela erban
Coordonator teachers : Farm. Mariana Dinu
Dr. Mihaela Vasile
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
2/25
Vaccines
Vaccinesare (iological
preparations #ith antigenic
properties! #ich triggers theocc$rrence of i""$ne response
)anti(odies* in organis"e
s$("ited to the &accination.
Vaccinationrepresent an acti&
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
3/25
,esearches and res$lts in the area of "aking &accines
characteri+ed the concerns of science people in the field of
"edicine! especially (iology in the last cent$ries. The Middle age
#as the period in #hich the h$"anity #as faced #ith "any
epide"ics and pande"ics . -reat res$lts #ere o(tained in the 1 th
cent$ries / In 1885 Louis Past performed the first rabies vaccine;
In 1896 Wright experiments the vaccine against tphoid fever;
In 188! "ictor #abe$ e%aborates the techni&ue of mi%ding do'n the fix rabiesvirus(b heat;
In 189) *aff+ine prepares the first vaccine against tubercu%osis baci%%us descoveredb ,och -obert.
In 1888 in -om/nia is estab%ised the 0ntirabic Institute from #ucharest( -om/niabeing the third countr in the 'or%d that sistematica%% practices rabies vaccine.
0fter a fe' decades the antivira% vaccines are discovered( so
In 192) 3e%%ard and Laigret prepare a vaccin for e%%o' fever;
In 195! 3abin administered for the first time the %ive reduced po%io vaccine.ora%%.
In 1968 is prepared the vaccine against rube%a;
In 19!2 is prepared the vaccine against chi+enpox;
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
4/25
Vaccines can be administered in different ways:
oral: solutions!"ills!ca"sules
in nasal ca#ity: inhalations
"arenteral :in$ections%intradermal !subcutaneous!intramuscular&
Methods of obtainin' the #accines:
#accines "re"ared from (illed a'ents:bacterial or #iral
"articles are (illed by chemical methods%with
"henol!formaldehyde& or "sysical methods%cold!heat&
#accines "re"ared from attenuated li#e a'ents:are reali)ed by
'rowin' the microor'anisms or unnatural hosts or by other
ways
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
5/25
Tipes of &accines/
Antiviral vaccines: are divided in 2 groups
a. li&e red$ced &iral &accinespo%io( rube%%a(meas%es;
(. co"pletelly inacti&ated anti&iral
&accinesf%u(po%io
c. anti&iral &accines inacti&e to the
antigenic fraction hepatitis # vaccine.
Antibacterial vaccines 'hich are
a. li&e red$ced anti(acterial &accines;
(. dead anti(acterial&accinescho%era(tphod(
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
6/25
Vaccinations #ith general
reco"andation
0re vaccinations contained in the
nationa% vaccination programs of eachcountr( 'ich are recommanded for the'ho%e popu%ation of that countr%and
and its administered for free.
We 'i%% refer in this topic( to the
vaccinations recommanded b the
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
7/25
- V353T65
*ecesary for the tuberculosis "rimary"rofilaxy %+BC&
,t-s made with #accine "re"ared fromuerin Calmette Baccil%BC&!li#eMycobacterium bo#is ! reduced.
+he effciency of the #accine iscontro#ersed.
+he rate of "rotection in different
countries! #aries from / to 0/ 2!
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
8/25
Its administered in a sing%e dose( intraderma%%( inde%toid region.
:irst dose in ne'borns 'ith the birth 'eightbigger than )544 grams bet'een the age of )!das and ) months.
3econd vaccination in 8th
grade at the age 121
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
9/25
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
10/25
7iTe8er Vaccination
)against diphteria! tetan$s and pert$ssis*,t-s recommanded at a'e 3! 4! 5
monts! then
Ra""el 6 at the a'e of 63 monthsand
Ra""el 3 between 7/75 months.
8erocon#ersion is hi'h after
minimum 7 doses of #accine! and
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
11/25
7T &accination)against diphteria and tetan$s*
Its done 'ith biva%ent vaccine 'hich containpurified diphteria anatoxin and purified tetanusanatoxin.
7 vaccine is administered either as rappe%dose at big chi%d( after 7iePer primevaccination from the ear% ears of %ife( or asprime vaccination to big chi%dren and
unvaccinated adu%ts and 'ith uncertainvaccination histor.
:or the rappe%s at adu%ts previous% prper%vaccinated 7 vaccines are used('hich contain
a &uantit of diphteria anatoxin %o'er then 7
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
12/25
o pregnant 'omen( is administered a dose of7 vaccine in the 8thmonth of pregnanc."accination is done in order to ensure one
measure of materna% antibodies to conferpassive immunit for the ne'born and sma%%infant( ti%% the age in 'hich can be vaccinated
) months.Its not necesar revaccination in furtherpregnancies( but according to the adu%tscheme d rappe%s ever14 ears.
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
13/25
3ntihepatitis &accine
In -om/nia ?7? 0t%anta considersthat the infection 'ith hepatitis # virusis practica% endemic( being present ina%% groups of age.
@an studies have demonstrated thatanti*# vaccine( administered to
chi%dren 'ith positive 0g*#s mothers(has an effectiveness of 6)9)Adepending on the dose( dosing interva%
( vaccine tpe and state of materna%
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
14/25
)against "easles!"$"ps andr$(ella* Was introdused in immuni>ation scheme from
-om/nia since )44< (rep%acing the simp%emeas%es vaccination.
Its administered one first dose at age of 1)15months( fo%%o'ed b a rappe% at age of 6! 1stgrade.
here are used trivaccines 'ith %ive reducedviruses.
0 sing%e dose of vaccine is ver effective againstmeas%es(mumps and rube%%a( its use %eading to
significant decrease of this 2 disease incidence.
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
15/25
Immuni>ation fai%s appear in approximate% 5A ofthe cases('hen the prime vaccination is beingadministered after the age of 15 months.
-evaccination prevents the appearance ofmeas%es( even to those 'hom the seroconversion'as not done at the first vaccination.
3ecundar effects are in genera% mi%d(at hea%thpersons.
-are% can appear thromboctopenia( hives or
anaph%axis 4(15 per 144.444 in cases. 0t chi%dren 'ith compromise immunitar sistem
immunodeficienc sindroms( using vaccines 'ith%ive reduced viruses presents a ris+ of death
caused b vira% infection 'ith the virus from the
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
16/25
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
17/25
8olio &accination +he first #accination is done at the a'e of 3!4!5
months ! followed by ra""el 6 at the a'e of 63months and the second ra""el at a'e of 9 %7th'rade&.
For the national "ro'ram of immuni)ation it-sused VPO%oral "olio #accine!with li#e reduced"olio #iruses &! V>?+ mixture.
+hree doses of V>? offers a "rotection of 9
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
18/25
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
19/25
,isks associated #ith orally
ad"inistered polio &accine #ithli&e red$ced &ir$ses
he ris+ of post immuni>ation po%io para%sisafter administration of "PB is estimated at1C)(5 mi%ion doses aproximate% 15
casesCear in -om/nia. #eside the after immuni>ation po%io para%tic (
"PB can be responsab%e even for the
apparience of Dui%%ain#arrE sndrome. In persons 'ith immunodeficiencies for
examp%e 0I73( the virus from "PB can cause
invasive infections and death.
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
20/25
"PB presents a ris+ of environment
contamination 'ith po%iovirus(because of excretion in environmentand circu%ation of po%ivirus derived
from the vaccine. here 'ere cases reported of po%io
'ith po%iovirus derived from the
vaccine in immuni>ed sub=ects. #ecause of that chi%dren recent%
vaccinated 'ith "PB must be
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
21/25
3ct$al trends in polio
&accination In deve%oped countries ora%% vaccination 'ith"PB 'hich contain reduced %ive viruses 'asrep%aced b in=ectab%e vaccination 'ith VPI'hichcontain inactivated po%io viruses( 'ith simi%ar
immunogenicit and minima% side effects. In case of "PI( administered b in=ection( its
avoided digestive passage of viruses from vaccineand their excretion in environment b feces. In this
'a its decrease the ris+ of environmentcontamination 'ith po%ioviruses derived fromvaccine( %imiting transmition of 'i%d po%iovirusespartia%% inactivated derived from "PB tosusceptib%e persons.
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
22/25
Wor%d 'ide there is a trend to rep%ace "PB vaccine'ith "PI( in the nationa% scheme.
In -om/nia( "PI is being used in naFiona% programof immuni>ation on% for instituFiona%i>ed chi%drenfrom maternit( hospita%s and foster care.
:or chi%dren raised in fami% there is the posibi%it tochoose for variants vaccines 'ith "PI component.
hese vaccines can be obtain('ith mone(frompharmac.
Its administered according to the nationa% vaccineca%endar(after the same scheme as "PB.
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
23/25
"accination b in=ection 'ith VPIits administeredintramuscu%ar or subcutaneous.
Its not administered if there is an a%ergic reaction theactive substance( excipients( neomcin(streptomcin( po%mxin #( or if there is afever(infectious disease or evo%utive chronic disease
0s adverse reactions can appear %oca% reactions atthe administration p%ace pain( redness( edema 'hichcan appear in the first
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
24/25
-
8/12/2019 How Important is the Child Vaccination
25/25
96-,3:;