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How LEED v4 Impacts Energy Professionals and Mirrors Broader Sustainability TrendsDan LeBlanc
Senior Sustainability Manager
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LEED CERTIFICATION TRENDSMARKET SECTOR ADAPTATIONS
Data Centers
Warehouses and Distribution Centers
Hospitality
Existing Buildings for Schools
Existing Buildings for Retail
Homes Multifamily Midrise
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LEED CERTIFICATION TRENDSLEED v4 SYSTEM GOALS
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LEED CERTIFICATION TRENDSLEED v4 SYSTEM GOALS
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Integrative
Process
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� Simple box model to evaluate site conditions, massing
and orientation, envelope, lighting levels, thermal comfort
ranges, plug and process load needs, operating
parameters (min 2)
� Water Budget Analysis (supply, demand, reuse)
� Show how all this is getting into the BOD and OPR
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Performance in
Water Efficiency
WATER EFFICIENCY
NC
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Big Picture
Addressing all water uses including fixtures & fittings,
process, appliance, cooling towers, and outdoor water.
Focus on measuring water use through fundamental
building metering requirements.
Additional points in credit for metering of subsystems.
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Prerequisite: Outdoor Water Use Reduction
Prerequisite: Indoor Water Use Reduction
Prerequisite: Building Level Water Metering
Credit: Outdoor Water Use Reduction
Credit: Indoor Water Use Reduction
Credit: Cooling Tower Water Use
Credit: Water Metering
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NC Highlights:
� Indoor water (up to 6 points, 50%): includes fixtures,
process, appliance, cooling towers (Preq: standards for
appliances and process water)
� New credit: Cooling Tower Water Use (M&V for CTW)
� New Credit: Water Metering (sub metering)
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Indoor Water Prerequisite Standards
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Water Metering
Install permanent water meters for two or more of the following:
� Irrigation
� Indoor plumbing fixtures and fittings
� Domestic hot water - 80% of the installed capacity
� Boiler using >100,000 gallons/yr or > 500,000 BtuH (150 kW)
� Reclaimed water
� Other process water - 80% of expected daily water
consumption for process end uses, such as humidification
systems, dishwashers, clothes washers, pools, other
� HC requires five more…
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Defining Performance in
Energy & Atmosphere
ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE
NC
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Big Picture
Minimum Energy Performance: five percent above
ASHRAE 90.1-2010; minimum ENERGY STAR score now
75.
New credit for Demand Response.
Building level energy metering required for all projects.
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Prerequisite: Fundamental Commissioning and Verification
Prerequisite: Minimum Energy Performance
Prerequisite: Building-Level Energy Metering
Prerequisite: Fundamental Refrigerant Management
Credit: Enhanced Commissioning
Credit: Optimize Energy Performance
Credit: Advanced Energy Metering
Credit: Demand Response
Credit: Renewable Energy Production
Credit: Enhanced Refrigerant Management
Credit: Green Power and Carbon Offsets
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NC Energy Highlights:
� ASHRAE 90.1-2010 (min 5% better)
� Cx now includes water, IEQ, durability
� Enhanced Cx options for Monitoring Based and Envelope
� No more M&V; moved to Enhanced Cx, Fundamental and
Advanced Metering
� Renewables - 1,5,10% (3 pts), can’t be included in EAp2
� Green power now includes carbon offsets
� New credit for Demand Response
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Fundamental Cx Requirements:
� Building Envelope Thermal Performance (BOD)
� Building occupancy and equipment run-time schedules,
setpoints, lighting levels, min OA requirements (CFR
and O&M Plan)
Enhanced Cx (3 pts) Options:
� Monitoring-based Cx (1pt) – quarterly energy analysis,
point identification
� Envelope Cx options (2 pts) – Informed by the model
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ASHRAE 90.1 2010
Mandatory provisions (required of all projects):
� Whole-building air barrier
� Automatic receptacle control, 50% of private/open offices and classrooms
� Lighting power densities, most have decreased slightly
� Mandatory daylighting, spaces > 250 feet of sidelighted area
� Automatic lighting controls (e.g. occupancy sensors or timers) required for
more types of spaces, and in many cases vacancy or auto-50% on
� Lighting in most spaces must have a setting between off and full on
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ASHRAE 90.1 2010
Prescriptive requirements:
� Heat Recovery required for more systems in more climate zones
� Economizers required for all climate zones
� Explicit efficiency requirements for VRF systems and CRAC units
� Higher efficiency requirements for other cooling equipment
� Little change to envelope requirements for most climate zones
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ENERGY CODE PROGRESS
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90.1-2010 Case studies: Mixed-use Office
172,000 SF in Colorado
100,000 office
30,000 Fitness
42,000 retail
� 40% WWR, high-performance envelope
� VAV w/ fan powered reheat
� DCV, DX w/ evaporative condensers
� 40% LPD reductions w/ daylight dimming
� 80 kW PV system
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90.1-2010 Case studies: Mixed Use
ENERGY MODELING RESULTSTotal Energy
Cost
ASHRAE
90.1 2007
ASHRAE 90.1
2010
Baseline $211,247 $165,070
Proposed Design $121,917 43.21% 26.0%
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90.1-2010 Case studies: Office Building
228,000 SF office with 264,000 SF Garage in Colorado
� High eqt and people density
� 32% WWR
� Aggressive lighting design with LED’s
� VAV air handlers
� AC chiller, Condensing boiler
� Fan-powered and standard VAV boxes
Courtesy of Mandy Redfield, The Weidt Group. 04/17/2014, Rocky Mountain Green
“ASHRAE 90.1-2007 vs ASHRAE 90.1-2010: What’s the Big Deal?”
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Courtesy of Mandy Redfield, The Weidt Group. 04/17/2014, Rocky Mountain Green,
“ASHRAE 90.1-2007 vs ASHRAE 90.1-2010: What’s the Big Deal?”
90.1-2010 Case studies: Office Building
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90.1-2010 Case studies: Elementary School
81,000 SF in Illinois
17,000 SF renovation
64,000 SF addition
� 23% WWR
� Aggressive lighting design with LED’s
� VAV air handlers
� AC chiller, Condensing boiler
� Heat Recovery
Courtesy of Mandy Redfield, The Weidt Group. 04/17/2014, Rocky Mountain Green
“ASHRAE 90.1-2007 vs ASHRAE 90.1-2010: What’s the Big Deal?”
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90.1-2010 Case studies: Elementary School
Courtesy of Mandy Redfield, The Weidt Group. 04/17/2014, Rocky Mountain Green
“ASHRAE 90.1-2007 vs ASHRAE 90.1-2010: What’s the Big Deal?”
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Advanced Energy Metering:
Install meters for energy end uses that represent 10% or more
of the total annual consumption of the building.
� Must be permanently installed, record at intervals of one hour
or less, and transmit data to a remote location.
� The data collection system must use a local area network,
building automation system, wireless network, etc.
� Capable of storing all metered data for at least 36 months.
� The data must be remotely accessible.
� All meters capable of reporting hourly, daily, monthly, and
annual energy use.
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Demand Response:
Participate in an existing demand response (DR) program and
complete the following activities.
� Design a system with the capability for real-time, fully-
automated DR based on external initiation by a DR Program
Provider. Semi-automated DR may be utilized in practice.
� Enroll in a minimum one-year DR participation for at least
10% of the estimated peak electricity demand. Peak
demand is determined under EAp2.
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INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
NC
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Big Picture
Category focused on key indicators of ventilation, lighting, acoustics, and occupant experience.
More performance-based credits focused on health and
wellbeing outcomes.
Emissions based approach to materials.
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Prerequisite: Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance
Prerequisite: Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control
Credit: Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies
Credit: Low-Emitting Materials
Credit: Construction IAQ Management Plan
Credit: Indoor Air Quality Assessment
Credit: Thermal Comfort
Credit: Interior Lighting
Credit: Daylight
Credit: Quality Views
Credit: Acoustic Performance
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NC Highlights:
� No more smoking rooms �
� Air Quality Performance (instead of outdoor air delivery
monitoring increased ventilation, and source control)
� Enter ASHRAE 62.1-2010; 55-2010
� VOC: emissions not content
� Thermal comfort: combined into one (design and control)
� New Interior Lighting credit (controllability and quality)
� Views now ‘Quality Views’
� Daylight: way better metrics
� New Acoustic Performance credit (from Schools and HC)
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ASHRAE 62.1-2010
� All kitchens vented to the outdoors
� Natural ventilation openings have to be permanently open or
kept open during occupancy, needs to be monitored
� Makes mechanical ventilation much more likely
� Air flow monitoring required
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Choose four of the following strategies:
A. For all regularly occupied spaces, use light fixtures with a luminance of less than
2,500cd/m2 between 45 and 90 degrees from nadir. w/ exceptions
B. For the entire project, use light sources with a CRI of 80 or higher. w/ exceptions
C. For 75% of the total connected lighting load, use light sources that have a rated life
(or L70 for LED sources) of at least 24,000 hours (at 3-hour per start, if applicable).
D. Use direct-only overhead lighting for 25% or less of the total connected lighting load
for all regularly occupied spaces.
E. For 90% of the regularly occupied floor area, meet the following for area-weighted
average surface reflectance: 85% for ceilings, 60% for walls, and 25% for floors.
F. Furniture finishes to meet the following for area-weighted average surface
reflectance: 45% for work surfaces, and 50% for movable partitions.
G. For 75% of the regularly occupied floor area, meet ratio of average wall surface
illuminance to average work plane (or surface, if defined) illuminance that does not
exceed 1:10.
H. For 75% of the regularly occupied floor area, meet ratio of average ceiling
illuminance to work surface illuminance that does not exceed 1:10.
Interior Lighting
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Daylight
Option 1. Simulation: Spatial Daylight Autonomy (2–3 points)
� Demonstrate through annual computer simulations that spatial daylight
autonomy 300/50% (sDA300/50%) of at least 55% or 75% (2-3 pts, NC).
� Demonstrate through annual computer simulations that annual sunlight
exposure 1000,250 (ASE1000,250) of no more than 10% is achieved.
� SDA = % of floor area exceeding 300 lux for 50% of hrs
between 8am-6pm
� ASE = percent of floor area where more than 250 hours per
year have direct sun (>= 1000 lux) incident on the surface
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cDA
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RESOURCES
USGBC
→Credit library: usgbc.org/credits
→ Intro to LEED v4 – free two hours GBCI and AIA
→Reference guides: usgbc.org/leedv4
LEEDuser
→Sample documentation, checklists, practitioners
USGBC Colorado
→LEED Experts: December 2013
→Live education sessions 2014
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LEED v4 and After
Dan LeBlanc, Senior Sustainability Manager
yrgxyz.com