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Human Biotechnology
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Human Biotechnology
is about you and me, notabout other creatures onEarth
could a perfect personbe in the near future
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Human Biotechnology
we are not sure if we want
one, or if we do, whattraits we would want
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The Human Organism
humans are similar to
other animals, but majordifferences
scientific name of human= Homo Sapiens
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The Human Organism
first Homo Sapiens on
earth- 300,000 to400,000years ago
each body cell of a humanhas 46 chromosomes
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The Human Organism
human consists of cells,tissue, organs, organsystems
humans are primates (180
species of animals areprimates), but still quite
different
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The Human Organism
organ systems do a lot of
work (e.g. the heart - atage of 70 it has pumped46 million gallons)
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The Human Organism
heart failure is leading
cause of the human deathskeleton protects the
internal organs
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The Human Organism
ligaments are tissues that
hold the skeleton togetherskin covers the body and
maintains the bodytemperature
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The Human Organism
nerve endings in skin
sense pain, cold, heatbrain provides response to
these conditions
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The Human Organism
muscles provide
movementcells must have nutrients
to correctly function
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The Human Organism
digestive system breaks foodinto useful substances
respiratory system providesoxygen to the body and rids
it of carbon dioxide
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The Human Organism
gas exchange with the
blood occurs in the lungs
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The Human Organism
circulatory system (heart,blood vessels) carriesoxygen from the lungs forthe cells and brings
wastes to the lungs andkidneys
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The Human Organism
urinary system removes
certain wastes from bloodand flushes them from thebody
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The Human Organism
wastes move to urinarybladder and is squeezedfrom the body through theurethra
reproductive systems varywith gender
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The Human Organism
mammary system
develops in females(milk for babies)
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Life Process
includes growth andrepair, obtaining food andnutrients, circulation,respiration, secretion,
sensation movement, andelimination
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Life Process
to stand up right, to walk
on two legs distinguish usfrom the primates
humans live longer anddevelop slower
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Human Development
is the progressivematuration of an individualfrom birth until death
cultureconsists of the
ways individuals havedeveloped to go about life
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Human Development
characteristics are
transmitted from one toanother generation
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Bi t h S t
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Biotech SupportsDevelopment
used to promote health
ethical decisions areinvolved
people vary about theview of biotech
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Human Genomics
efforts are now underway
to identify all genomeswill allow isolation,
treatment, replacement ofdefective ones
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Human Genome Project
(HGP) is an internationaleffort of involvingscientists, educators,students in locating and
identifying every humangene
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4 Approaches
Genetic Mapping
Physical MappingSequencing
Analyzing genomes ofother species
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4 Approaches to HGPGenetic Mapping
Physical MappingSequencing
Analyzing genomes ofother species
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Background
Canada, Italy, France, UK,USA are active
efforts with mice, bacteria,plants
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Background
3 bacterial genomes havebeen completed
progress has been morerapid than expected
widespread use of HGPinformation in 2010
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Findings
genetic linkage mapshows the relativearrangement and distancebetween genes
then DNA gets sequenced
Helping Humans live
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Helping Humans livebetter
scientist have beenmanipulating genes at themolecular level
these efforts improvehuman well being
Helping Humans live
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Helping Humans livebetter
downs syndrome is adisease in which a baby isborn with an extra
chromosome
Helping Humans live
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Helping Humans livebetter
1 in 600- 800 babies isborn with it
having a baby with downsyndrome increase withthe mothers age
Helping Humans Live
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Helping Humans LiveBetter
small head, enlargedtongue, eyes that slantupward
many die within yearno treatments available
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Gene Therapy
is the transfer of genes toa human organism
make up of a human isaltered
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Gene Therapy
procedure is controversial
once therapy is done, thehuman is a GMO(genetically modifiedorganism)
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Vaccinehelp the body to recognizeand fight disease
use weakened or killedgerms for a virus to
introduce antigen proteinsattached to a virus
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Vaccine
body builds resistance
vaccine for hepatitis ismade by inserting thegene responsible for thisantigen into yeast cells
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Vaccine
each yeast cell makes acopy of itself and theantigen gene
antigen is later purified
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Vaccine
when injected into thebody, antigen stimulatesthe production ofantibodies that combat
hepatitis
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Prosthetics
is the use of artificial partsof the human body
includes the study and useof mechanical devises to
replace or supplementnatural human parts
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Prosthetics
that includes jointreplacements, heartpeacemakers, intraocular
lenses
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Prosthetics
a dialysis machineis akind of prosthesis that
performs functions normalkidneys would do in
removing wastes fromblood
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Prosthetics
biocompatibility-implanted devices must bemechanically fit for thepurpose and not rejected
by the body
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Prosthetics
externally used devicesmust provide the
appropriate mechanicalaction and support
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Diagnostics
is the identification of ahuman health problem or
other conditionsknowing the approach to
use in treating diseaserequires accurate
diagnosis of condition Genomics and
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Genomics andComputers
diagnosis relies on human
genetic informationcomputer databases are
being used in diagnosticshelp matching genes withhealth conditions
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Microdissection and
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Microdissection andMolecular Analysis
is often used to test for
precancerous cells orinvading cancer cells
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