human biotechnology

7/28/2019 Human Biotechnology

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Human Biotechnology


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Human Biotechnology

is about you and me, notabout other creatures onEarth

could a perfect personbe in the near future


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Human Biotechnology

we are not sure if we want

one, or if we do, whattraits we would want


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The Human Organism

humans are similar to

other animals, but majordifferences

scientific name of human= Homo Sapiens


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The Human Organism

first Homo Sapiens on

earth- 300,000 to400,000years ago

each body cell of a humanhas 46 chromosomes


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The Human Organism

human consists of cells,tissue, organs, organsystems

humans are primates (180

species of animals areprimates), but still quite

different


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The Human Organism

organ systems do a lot of

work (e.g. the heart - atage of 70 it has pumped46 million gallons)


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The Human Organism

heart failure is leading

cause of the human deathskeleton protects the

internal organs


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The Human Organism

ligaments are tissues that

hold the skeleton togetherskin covers the body and

maintains the bodytemperature


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The Human Organism

nerve endings in skin

sense pain, cold, heatbrain provides response to

these conditions


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The Human Organism

muscles provide

movementcells must have nutrients

to correctly function


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The Human Organism

digestive system breaks foodinto useful substances

respiratory system providesoxygen to the body and rids

it of carbon dioxide


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The Human Organism

gas exchange with the

blood occurs in the lungs


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The Human Organism

circulatory system (heart,blood vessels) carriesoxygen from the lungs forthe cells and brings

wastes to the lungs andkidneys


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The Human Organism

urinary system removes

certain wastes from bloodand flushes them from thebody


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The Human Organism

wastes move to urinarybladder and is squeezedfrom the body through theurethra

reproductive systems varywith gender


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The Human Organism

mammary system

develops in females(milk for babies)


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Life Process

includes growth andrepair, obtaining food andnutrients, circulation,respiration, secretion,

sensation movement, andelimination


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Life Process

to stand up right, to walk

on two legs distinguish usfrom the primates

humans live longer anddevelop slower


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Human Development

is the progressivematuration of an individualfrom birth until death

cultureconsists of the

ways individuals havedeveloped to go about life


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Human Development

characteristics are

transmitted from one toanother generation


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Bi t h S t


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Biotech SupportsDevelopment

used to promote health

ethical decisions areinvolved

people vary about theview of biotech


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Human Genomics

efforts are now underway

to identify all genomeswill allow isolation,

treatment, replacement ofdefective ones


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Human Genome Project

(HGP) is an internationaleffort of involvingscientists, educators,students in locating and

identifying every humangene


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4 Approaches

Genetic Mapping

Physical MappingSequencing

Analyzing genomes ofother species


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4 Approaches to HGPGenetic Mapping

Physical MappingSequencing

Analyzing genomes ofother species


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Background

Canada, Italy, France, UK,USA are active

efforts with mice, bacteria,plants


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Background

3 bacterial genomes havebeen completed

progress has been morerapid than expected

widespread use of HGPinformation in 2010


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Findings

genetic linkage mapshows the relativearrangement and distancebetween genes

then DNA gets sequenced

Helping Humans live


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Helping Humans livebetter

scientist have beenmanipulating genes at themolecular level

these efforts improvehuman well being

Helping Humans live


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downs syndrome is adisease in which a baby isborn with an extra

chromosome

Helping Humans live


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1 in 600- 800 babies isborn with it

having a baby with downsyndrome increase withthe mothers age

Helping Humans Live


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Helping Humans LiveBetter

small head, enlargedtongue, eyes that slantupward

many die within yearno treatments available


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Gene Therapy

is the transfer of genes toa human organism

make up of a human isaltered


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Gene Therapy

procedure is controversial

once therapy is done, thehuman is a GMO(genetically modifiedorganism)


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Vaccinehelp the body to recognizeand fight disease

use weakened or killedgerms for a virus to

introduce antigen proteinsattached to a virus


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Vaccine

body builds resistance

vaccine for hepatitis ismade by inserting thegene responsible for thisantigen into yeast cells


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Vaccine

each yeast cell makes acopy of itself and theantigen gene

antigen is later purified


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Vaccine

when injected into thebody, antigen stimulatesthe production ofantibodies that combat

hepatitis


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Prosthetics

is the use of artificial partsof the human body

includes the study and useof mechanical devises to

replace or supplementnatural human parts


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Prosthetics

that includes jointreplacements, heartpeacemakers, intraocular

lenses


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Prosthetics

a dialysis machineis akind of prosthesis that

performs functions normalkidneys would do in

removing wastes fromblood


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Prosthetics

biocompatibility-implanted devices must bemechanically fit for thepurpose and not rejected

by the body


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Prosthetics

externally used devicesmust provide the

appropriate mechanicalaction and support


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Diagnostics

is the identification of ahuman health problem or

other conditionsknowing the approach to

use in treating diseaserequires accurate

diagnosis of condition Genomics and


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Genomics andComputers

diagnosis relies on human

genetic informationcomputer databases are

being used in diagnosticshelp matching genes withhealth conditions


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Microdissection and


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Microdissection andMolecular Analysis

is often used to test for

precancerous cells orinvading cancer cells


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human biotechnology

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