Download - Hydrosphere
Hydrosphere water water everywhere
The water cycle
Evaporation Water turns from a liquid to a gasWater moves as vapor into the atmosphere
Transpirationwater vapor enters the atmosphere from plantsWater comes up through the xylem and out through the stoma of leaves
Sublimation
Water turns directly from a solid to a gasFreeze drying Can happen when snow seems to disappear without melting
Condensationwater turns from a gas to a liquidcloud formationdew
Transportationmovement of water around the planet
surface water (runoff)undergroundin the atmosphere as vapormoves in plants (transpiration)
precipitation
water falls from the atmosphererain, snow, sleet, hail, mist, and fog
deposition
water changes directly from vapor to solid without a liquid phasehigh altitudesrare
percolation / infiltrationwater filtered through porous materials such as bedrock and soilwater moves into groundwater
flow
collection of moving watersnowmeltrainwatergroundwater
all water flows downhill
Plant uptake
Plants take groundwater up through the rootsfirst part of transpiration
River Basinsall the land surface dissected and drained by many streams and creeks flowing downhill into one riversends water out to the sea
NC river basins17 designated river basins in NC
5 western basins drain to Gulf of MexicoHiwassee, Little Tennessee, Watauga, French Broad, and New
12 flow to the Atlantic4 contained in NC alone
Cape Fear, Neuse, White Oak, and Tar - Pamlico
NC River Basins
Watersheds
Aquifersunderground layer of saturated rock in which water can easily moveused as wells
water table
level below where the ground is completely saturatedvaries with seasonschanges with timevaries with location
groundwater and floodinggroundwater close to the surface can cause chronic problemslocalized high water tables can cause basement flooding in one house and the house next door can be dryWhen the water table is full, water can not percolate into the ground
Ocean Currents
Thermohaline circulation
Surface currents• Develop from friction between ocean
currents and wind• Short, affect small areas
• Result of local or seasonal influence
Gyres• Circular moving
current systems • 5 main
• North Pacific, South Pacific, North Atlantic Gyre, South Atlantic, and Indian Ocean gyre
Coriolis Effect
• Deflection of currents away from their original source due to Earth’s rotation
• Right in the Northern Hemisphere, Left in the Southern Hemisphere
coriolis effect coriolis effect explained!
Currents on Climate
• Heat is transferred from water
• Currents from low latitude regions bring heat in the water to higher latitudes
Upwelling
• Rising of cold water from deeper layers to replace warmer surface water
• Wind induced• Occurs when winds blow from equator
parallel to the coast• Brings up greater concentrations of
nutrients
Upwelling demo Upwelling importance
Density currents
• Vertical currents of ocean water resulting from density differences
• INCREASE in density could result from:• Higher salt concentration• Lower temperature
High latitudes• Water involved with deep-ocean density
currents begins in high latitudes• Once it sinks its temperature and density
remain mostly unchanged
evaporation
• Increased salinity due to evaporation can cause density currents
• Happens in the Mediterranean Sea
thermohaline circulation
Resources http://www.google.com/imgres?q=evaporation&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&biw=1436&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=2L3f8aH_DVeq5M:&imgrefurl=http://ed101.bu.edu/StudentDoc/current/ED101fa10/vebado/Content_1.html&docid=_2ZRxmbofqW37M&imgurl=http://ed101.bu.edu/StudentDoc/current/ED101fa10/vebado/images/evaporation.jpg&w=500&h=262&ei=XB2PULSmDeSQ0QGviIGICg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=228&vpy=255&dur=2&hovh=162&hovw=310&tx=81&ty=113&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=162&tbnw=310&start=0&ndsp=14&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0,i:139
http://www.education.noaa.gov/Freshwater/Water_Cycle.html
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Evaporation.png
http://www.savingwater.org/waterconnection/cycle2.htm
http://bfwatercycle.blogspot.com/2008/03/accumulation.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpiration
http://images.yourdictionary.com/transpiration
http://www.all-water.org/Water_Cycle.html
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclesublimation.html
http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/clouds/cloud_formation.html
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclecondensation.html
http://www.groundwater.org/gi/whatisgw.html
http://maikopunk.wordpress.com/category/navel-gaze/’
http://www.flickr.com/photos/60657874@N02/favorites/?view=lg
http://www.savingwater.org/waterconnection/cycle6.htm
http://www.picable.com/Concepts/Friendship/Water-Flow.860693
http://www.photogalaxy.com/photo/homerholden/4/
http://bio1903.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch37/plant_nutrient.html
http://www.asknature.org/strategy/2386af151126ef7579cf5c506b6dc7de
http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0076-drainage-basins-watersheds.php
http://www.lahmeyer.de/en/projects/details/browse/0/project/134/mode/1/show/showAll/
http://www.ncwater.org/Education_and_Technical_Assistance/Ground_Water/AquiferCharacteristics/
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwaquifer.html
http://www.casperwy.gov/PublicWorks/StormWaterManagement/Watersheds/tabid/573/Default.aspx
Resources• http://
www.bing.com/images/search?q=surface+currents&view=detail&id=3A5B098F3CD8A968AE918126B1D44B6E7C097283&first=1
• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=surface+currents&view=detail&id=26116C14F8CB9DCB595299405DD29B8914A4E706&first=1
• http://www.theozonehole.com/images/gaspcor.gif
• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=oceans+and+climate&qs=n&form=QBIR&pq=oceans+and+climat&sc=8-17&sp=-1&sk=
• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=density+currents&view=detail&id=4868EC2A31D131A3065A9FD84349AC4A864BB579
• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=sea+ice&view=detail&id=FC654212FD0F9A61F564623ADF9E45590554DEED
• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=mediterranean+sea+&view=detail&id=3340C09B50F578EFCF7CF7C9D73AFE004C9D36AD
• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=mediterranean+sea+temperature&view=detail&id=C0B6BC927A4DF9F34E5C08B5B5E4830A91471E8F