Hydrosphere water water everywhere

The water cycle

Evaporation Water turns from a liquid to a gasWater moves as vapor into the atmosphere

Transpirationwater vapor enters the atmosphere from plantsWater comes up through the xylem and out through the stoma of leaves

Sublimation

Water turns directly from a solid to a gasFreeze drying Can happen when snow seems to disappear without melting

Condensationwater turns from a gas to a liquidcloud formationdew

Transportationmovement of water around the planet

surface water (runoff)undergroundin the atmosphere as vapormoves in plants (transpiration)

precipitation

water falls from the atmosphererain, snow, sleet, hail, mist, and fog

deposition

water changes directly from vapor to solid without a liquid phasehigh altitudesrare

percolation / infiltrationwater filtered through porous materials such as bedrock and soilwater moves into groundwater

flow

collection of moving watersnowmeltrainwatergroundwater

all water flows downhill

Plant uptake

Plants take groundwater up through the rootsfirst part of transpiration

River Basinsall the land surface dissected and drained by many streams and creeks flowing downhill into one riversends water out to the sea

NC river basins17 designated river basins in NC

5 western basins drain to Gulf of MexicoHiwassee, Little Tennessee, Watauga, French Broad, and New

12 flow to the Atlantic4 contained in NC alone

Cape Fear, Neuse, White Oak, and Tar - Pamlico

NC River Basins

Watersheds

Aquifersunderground layer of saturated rock in which water can easily moveused as wells

water table

level below where the ground is completely saturatedvaries with seasonschanges with timevaries with location

groundwater and floodinggroundwater close to the surface can cause chronic problemslocalized high water tables can cause basement flooding in one house and the house next door can be dryWhen the water table is full, water can not percolate into the ground

Ocean Currents

Thermohaline circulation

Surface currents• Develop from friction between ocean

currents and wind• Short, affect small areas

• Result of local or seasonal influence

Gyres• Circular moving

current systems • 5 main

• North Pacific, South Pacific, North Atlantic Gyre, South Atlantic, and Indian Ocean gyre

Coriolis Effect

• Deflection of currents away from their original source due to Earth’s rotation

• Right in the Northern Hemisphere, Left in the Southern Hemisphere

coriolis effect coriolis effect explained!

Currents on Climate

• Heat is transferred from water

• Currents from low latitude regions bring heat in the water to higher latitudes

Upwelling

• Rising of cold water from deeper layers to replace warmer surface water

• Wind induced• Occurs when winds blow from equator

parallel to the coast• Brings up greater concentrations of

nutrients

Upwelling demo Upwelling importance

Density currents

• Vertical currents of ocean water resulting from density differences

• INCREASE in density could result from:• Higher salt concentration• Lower temperature

High latitudes• Water involved with deep-ocean density

currents begins in high latitudes• Once it sinks its temperature and density

remain mostly unchanged

evaporation

• Increased salinity due to evaporation can cause density currents

• Happens in the Mediterranean Sea

thermohaline circulation

Resources http://www.google.com/imgres?q=evaporation&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&biw=1436&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=2L3f8aH_DVeq5M:&imgrefurl=http://ed101.bu.edu/StudentDoc/current/ED101fa10/vebado/Content_1.html&docid=_2ZRxmbofqW37M&imgurl=http://ed101.bu.edu/StudentDoc/current/ED101fa10/vebado/images/evaporation.jpg&w=500&h=262&ei=XB2PULSmDeSQ0QGviIGICg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=228&vpy=255&dur=2&hovh=162&hovw=310&tx=81&ty=113&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=162&tbnw=310&start=0&ndsp=14&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0,i:139

http://www.education.noaa.gov/Freshwater/Water_Cycle.html

http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Evaporation.png

http://www.savingwater.org/waterconnection/cycle2.htm

http://bfwatercycle.blogspot.com/2008/03/accumulation.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpiration

http://images.yourdictionary.com/transpiration

http://www.all-water.org/Water_Cycle.html

http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclesublimation.html

http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/clouds/cloud_formation.html

http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclecondensation.html

http://www.groundwater.org/gi/whatisgw.html

http://maikopunk.wordpress.com/category/navel-gaze/’

http://www.flickr.com/photos/60657874@N02/favorites/?view=lg

http://www.savingwater.org/waterconnection/cycle6.htm

http://www.picable.com/Concepts/Friendship/Water-Flow.860693

http://www.photogalaxy.com/photo/homerholden/4/

http://bio1903.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch37/plant_nutrient.html

http://www.asknature.org/strategy/2386af151126ef7579cf5c506b6dc7de

http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0076-drainage-basins-watersheds.php

http://www.lahmeyer.de/en/projects/details/browse/0/project/134/mode/1/show/showAll/

http://www.ncwater.org/Education_and_Technical_Assistance/Ground_Water/AquiferCharacteristics/

http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwaquifer.html

http://www.casperwy.gov/PublicWorks/StormWaterManagement/Watersheds/tabid/573/Default.aspx

Resources• http://

www.bing.com/images/search?q=surface+currents&view=detail&id=3A5B098F3CD8A968AE918126B1D44B6E7C097283&first=1

• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=surface+currents&view=detail&id=26116C14F8CB9DCB595299405DD29B8914A4E706&first=1

• http://www.theozonehole.com/images/gaspcor.gif

• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=oceans+and+climate&qs=n&form=QBIR&pq=oceans+and+climat&sc=8-17&sp=-1&sk=

• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=density+currents&view=detail&id=4868EC2A31D131A3065A9FD84349AC4A864BB579

• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=sea+ice&view=detail&id=FC654212FD0F9A61F564623ADF9E45590554DEED

• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=mediterranean+sea+&view=detail&id=3340C09B50F578EFCF7CF7C9D73AFE004C9D36AD

• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=mediterranean+sea+temperature&view=detail&id=C0B6BC927A4DF9F34E5C08B5B5E4830A91471E8F