Download - Icebreaker
20 Century History….LET’S GOOOO!8/27 & 8/28 Take out signed syllabus and pass to the front
Take out IB Honor Policy pass to the front
Causes, Practices & Effects of Wars Unit 1- Origins and causes of the First World War (WWI)
Icebreaker – Define the following words in your notebook:Militarism Alliances ImperialismNationalism
Long Term Causes of WWI
THE CAUSES OF WWI CAN BE EXPLAINED THROUGH THE ACRONYM M.A.N.I.AMilitarism – countries expanded their armies, competing to build battleshipsAlliances – All the major powers, were linked, made it more likely that a war
would start, made it more likely war would spreadNationalism – an age that all nations wanted to assert their power and
independenceImperialism – All the great powers were competing for colonies and territories
Assassination – Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary in Serbia
Europe Pre WWI
Overview
Late 19th century, rivalry develop between the ‘Great Powers’ of Europe They competed to enhance their empires and expand their colonial possessions European states found themselves in economic competition, battling for control of
trade and markets 1870 arms race develop which saw countries increasing their armies and
turning to more advances weapons and tactics Nationalism accompanied a surge in militarism as countries prepared to mobilize
for war Early 20th Century the Ottoman Empire break up lead to a upheaval and unrest
in the Balkans Final trigger for war was when the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire was
assassinated while on a visit to Serbia….Austria’s demands were not met by Serbia…Austria declared war…International system of alliances meant that Europe and much of the rest of the world, was soon involved in a full scale war
Imperial Rivalry
Great War was a war between the ‘Great Powers’ of Europe and their empires Austro – Hungarian Empire Britain Empire France and its empire Germany and its empire Russian Empire Ottoman Empire (Turkey) joined war in 1914 Italy joined war in 1915 USA in 1917
Rivalry over trade markets
Access to raw materials and the ability to sell goods overseas were important
To protect their industries many countries introduced tariff barriers
Examples Japan & Russia clashed over Manchuria in 1904 Africa the Great Powers scrambled to dominate areas
Britain wanted control of South Africa = Boer War
Imperial Rivalry France & Britain were bitter rivals in North Africa and nearly went to war in
1898 Russia was in danger of going to war with Britain over land in India These disputes were settled peacefully France objected to Germany in its interests in North Africa & two other major
crisis (the Moroccan Crisis & when Germany annexed the region of Alsace-Lorraine from France)
Militarism
By 1870 nearly all European powers increased the size of their armies and technology of weapons
Developments in transportation meant that more railways could carry greater numbers of troops
Nationalism was hand in hand with militarism = countries were proud of their armed forces
Mobilization and detailed war plans contributed to fast acting of troops to battle fronts
Alliances Form
1879 The Dual Alliance – Germany and Austria – Hungary made an alliance to protect themselves
1882 – The Triple Alliance – Germany and Austria Hungary made an alliance with Italy to stop Italy from taking sides with Russia
1894 – The Franco – Russian Alliance – Russia formed an alliance with France to protect itself against Germany and Austria Hungary; France also sought an ally against Germany
1904 – The Entente Cordiale – This was an agreement between Britain & France, recognizing each other’s colonial possession
1907 – The Anglo – Russian Entente – This was an agreement between Britain and Russia about spheres of influence in Asia
1907 – The Triple Entente – The Entente Cordiale & Russian Entente made it seem that there was a friendship between France, Britain, & Russia – the so called Triple Entente
1914 – The Triple Entente – Britain, Russia, and France agreed to sign for peace together
Triple Alliance versus Triple Entente Starting in 1870 Germany embarked on an industrial revolution of
their own..(A “place in the sun”) German merchants started to appear in foreign markets around the
same time offering goods cheaper than those of the British Germany turned up as a colonial rival of Britain and France in
Africa, Middle East, and Far East Otto von Bismarck of Germany formed a military alliance in 1879
with Austria-Hungary to which Italy was added in 1882 forming the Triple Alliance
The French faced by the Triple Alliance soon signed the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1894
Thus the continent was divided into two opposed camps
Crisis in Morocco & the Balkans
Germany was eager to test how far the British would go in support of France
Kaiswer William II was in favor of Moroccan independence (mainly to break up understanding between France & Britain)
The Old Ottoman Empire was ethnically and religiously divided
First Balkan Crisis – Austria proclaimed annexation of Bosnia…this angered the Serbs who had marked Bosnia their own
France & Great Britain
Traditionally Britain practiced “Splendid Isolation” French recognized Britain occupation of Egypt,
and Britain recognized French penetration of Morocco
Agreed to support each other against protests by third parties
By 1907 Britain, France, and Russia were acting together forming the Triple Entente
The Sarajevo Crisis
On June 28th, 1914 Gravrilo Princip of the Black Hand of Serbia assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand in the streets of Sarajevo, the Bosnian capital, in the Austrian Empire
The Archduke would have soon become the emperor of Austria
Austria gave Serbia an ultimatum demanding that Austrian officials be permitted to collaborate in investigating and punishing those responsible for the assassination
The Serbs rejected and the system of alliances would come into effect…
Sequence of events that led to the outbreak of European war in 1914 June 28, 1914: In Sarajevo a Serbian nationalist/terrorist
assassinated Austrian Archduke Ferdinand (the heir to the throne of Austria) and his wife
July 27, 1914: Austria invades Serbia causing Russia a secret ally of Serbia to mobilize for war
August 1, 1914: Germany, an ally of Austria, declared war on Russia
August 3, 1914: Germany, declared war on France and invades Belgium (as the fastest way for the German Army to reach Paris)
August 4, 1914: Great Britain, ally of France, declared war on Germany
Ticket out the door
What were the 4 main causes of WWI?