20 Century History….LET’S GOOOO!8/27 & 8/28 Take out signed syllabus and pass to the front

Take out IB Honor Policy pass to the front

Causes, Practices & Effects of Wars Unit 1- Origins and causes of the First World War (WWI)

Icebreaker – Define the following words in your notebook:Militarism Alliances ImperialismNationalism

Long Term Causes of WWI

THE CAUSES OF WWI CAN BE EXPLAINED THROUGH THE ACRONYM M.A.N.I.AMilitarism – countries expanded their armies, competing to build battleshipsAlliances – All the major powers, were linked, made it more likely that a war

would start, made it more likely war would spreadNationalism – an age that all nations wanted to assert their power and

independenceImperialism – All the great powers were competing for colonies and territories

Assassination – Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary in Serbia

Europe Pre WWI

Overview

Late 19th century, rivalry develop between the ‘Great Powers’ of Europe They competed to enhance their empires and expand their colonial possessions European states found themselves in economic competition, battling for control of

trade and markets 1870 arms race develop which saw countries increasing their armies and

turning to more advances weapons and tactics Nationalism accompanied a surge in militarism as countries prepared to mobilize

for war Early 20th Century the Ottoman Empire break up lead to a upheaval and unrest

in the Balkans Final trigger for war was when the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire was

assassinated while on a visit to Serbia….Austria’s demands were not met by Serbia…Austria declared war…International system of alliances meant that Europe and much of the rest of the world, was soon involved in a full scale war

Imperial Rivalry

Great War was a war between the ‘Great Powers’ of Europe and their empires Austro – Hungarian Empire Britain Empire France and its empire Germany and its empire Russian Empire Ottoman Empire (Turkey) joined war in 1914 Italy joined war in 1915 USA in 1917

Rivalry over trade markets

Access to raw materials and the ability to sell goods overseas were important

To protect their industries many countries introduced tariff barriers

Examples Japan & Russia clashed over Manchuria in 1904 Africa the Great Powers scrambled to dominate areas

Britain wanted control of South Africa = Boer War

Imperial Rivalry France & Britain were bitter rivals in North Africa and nearly went to war in

1898 Russia was in danger of going to war with Britain over land in India These disputes were settled peacefully France objected to Germany in its interests in North Africa & two other major

crisis (the Moroccan Crisis & when Germany annexed the region of Alsace-Lorraine from France)

Militarism

By 1870 nearly all European powers increased the size of their armies and technology of weapons

Developments in transportation meant that more railways could carry greater numbers of troops

Nationalism was hand in hand with militarism = countries were proud of their armed forces

Mobilization and detailed war plans contributed to fast acting of troops to battle fronts

Alliances Form

1879 The Dual Alliance – Germany and Austria – Hungary made an alliance to protect themselves

1882 – The Triple Alliance – Germany and Austria Hungary made an alliance with Italy to stop Italy from taking sides with Russia

1894 – The Franco – Russian Alliance – Russia formed an alliance with France to protect itself against Germany and Austria Hungary; France also sought an ally against Germany

1904 – The Entente Cordiale – This was an agreement between Britain & France, recognizing each other’s colonial possession

1907 – The Anglo – Russian Entente – This was an agreement between Britain and Russia about spheres of influence in Asia

1907 – The Triple Entente – The Entente Cordiale & Russian Entente made it seem that there was a friendship between France, Britain, & Russia – the so called Triple Entente

1914 – The Triple Entente – Britain, Russia, and France agreed to sign for peace together

Triple Alliance versus Triple Entente Starting in 1870 Germany embarked on an industrial revolution of

their own..(A “place in the sun”) German merchants started to appear in foreign markets around the

same time offering goods cheaper than those of the British Germany turned up as a colonial rival of Britain and France in

Africa, Middle East, and Far East Otto von Bismarck of Germany formed a military alliance in 1879

with Austria-Hungary to which Italy was added in 1882 forming the Triple Alliance

The French faced by the Triple Alliance soon signed the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1894

Thus the continent was divided into two opposed camps

Crisis in Morocco & the Balkans

Germany was eager to test how far the British would go in support of France

Kaiswer William II was in favor of Moroccan independence (mainly to break up understanding between France & Britain)

The Old Ottoman Empire was ethnically and religiously divided

First Balkan Crisis – Austria proclaimed annexation of Bosnia…this angered the Serbs who had marked Bosnia their own

France & Great Britain

Traditionally Britain practiced “Splendid Isolation” French recognized Britain occupation of Egypt,

and Britain recognized French penetration of Morocco

Agreed to support each other against protests by third parties

By 1907 Britain, France, and Russia were acting together forming the Triple Entente

The Sarajevo Crisis

On June 28th, 1914 Gravrilo Princip of the Black Hand of Serbia assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand in the streets of Sarajevo, the Bosnian capital, in the Austrian Empire

The Archduke would have soon become the emperor of Austria

Austria gave Serbia an ultimatum demanding that Austrian officials be permitted to collaborate in investigating and punishing those responsible for the assassination

The Serbs rejected and the system of alliances would come into effect…

Sequence of events that led to the outbreak of European war in 1914 June 28, 1914: In Sarajevo a Serbian nationalist/terrorist

assassinated Austrian Archduke Ferdinand (the heir to the throne of Austria) and his wife

July 27, 1914: Austria invades Serbia causing Russia a secret ally of Serbia to mobilize for war

August 1, 1914: Germany, an ally of Austria, declared war on Russia

August 3, 1914: Germany, declared war on France and invades Belgium (as the fastest way for the German Army to reach Paris)

August 4, 1914: Great Britain, ally of France, declared war on Germany

Ticket out the door

What were the 4 main causes of WWI?