College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
in the PHILIPPINES
Leni D. Camacho & Floribel D. ParasUniversity of the Philippines Los Baños
1. Forest Statistics2. Philippine National REDD+ Strategy3. REDD+ in the Philippines4. Initial lessons learned from REDD+
Outline of Presentation
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
Forestry Statistics
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
Alienable and DisposableForestland/Timberland
Source: Carandang, 2012; NGP, DENR, 2012.
(Land Classification, 30 Million has. total land area)
Area Classification
Forestry Statistics
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
Alienable and DisposableForestland/Timberland
Source: Carandang 2012; NGP, DENR, 2012.
State of the Philippine Forests
Forestry Statistics
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
Source: NGP, DENR, 2012.
Forest Cover
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
1935 1970 1975 1980 1984 1992 1997 2003fOR
ES
T A
RE
A (in
mil h
a)
Y E A R
Philippine forest cover (1934 - 2003).
Source: Carandang 2012; NGP, DENR, 2012.
Forestry Statistics
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
Source: Carandang, 2012.
Forest Conversion
Forest lost due to logging and
peripheral activities , 9%
Second growth subsequently converted thru kaingin, 47%
Directly converted w/o logging, 44%
Forest conversion (1935 - 2003)TOTAL FOREST AREA CONVERTED = 7,855,000 ha
7Source: Dolom, 2006 as cited by Lasco, 2013; Adapted from Environmental Science for Social Change, 1999
Extent of Forest Cover Loss for the last 100 years
70 % 60 % 40 %
34 % 23.7 % 18.3 %
The vanishing Philippine forests…
Philippines’ initiatives on REDD+
• Signing of the National Framework Strategy on Climate Change (NFSCC) (2010-2022)
• NFSCC outlines the 12 year plan of the country on climate change mitigation and adaptation Particular reference on REDD plus strategy given in Section 8.5
• EO 881 issued in April 2010 directing the Climate Change Commission (CCC) to coordinate climate change initiatives of the different sectors/agencies, REDD plus and other similar mechanism
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
Source: Pulhin, F., 2012.
Forestry Statistics
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
Drivers of Deforestation
DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION
Open Access
Institutional weaknesses
Population pressure & migration
Corruption & collusion
Poor monitoring & law enforcement
Limited livelihood options
Logging bans as perverse incentives
High demand for wood, NTFP, ores, tourism areas
Value of forests as subsistence & source of cash
Economic growth targets
Financing for illegal activities
Rural poverty
Unstable, confusing, conflicting forest policies & mandates
Inappropriate land uses
Lack of political will & coordination
Low farm productivity
fire, floods, landslides, calamities
Planned and Unplanned Forest products extraction, Agricultural expansion, Infrastructure expansion
POVERTY & POPULATION PRESSURE
MARKET DEMAND & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
WEAK POLICIES & GOVERNANCE
TECHONOLOGICAL & BIOPHYSICAL FACTORS
Over‐extraction & unsustainable harvesting
Proliferation of chainsaws
Landlessness/ farm & settlements
expansionImproved market access
Fishbone diagram of the underlying causes of drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in the Philippines Source: Carand
ang 2012
Philippines’ initiatives on REDD+
• EO 881 designates DENR as the operational implementer of REDD plus.
• Philippine National REDD plus Strategy (PNRPS) endorsed to CCC in 2010
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
PNRPS
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
Philippine National REDD+ Strategy
Drafted by a pool of writers from various civil society groups (under the CoDe REDD network), academe, research institutions, local government, and the DENR including its bureau representatives (Forest Management Bureau, Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau, Parks and Wildlife Bureau, NCIP, NAMRIA, etc.) (Pulhin, 2012)
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Workshop 1- Nov 2009 –principles, results, components
Component workshop groups –Dec 2009-March 2010
Workshop 2 – March 2010Writeshop
Draft written up by an integratorApril 2010
National presentation – April 2010
Critique and review by experts, regional and sectoral consultations
DENR Approval/ Endorsement to CCCAugust 2010
National & Regional ConsultationsApril – Aug 2009
NRPS Action Planning & Budgeting September 2010- March 2011
Crafting of the PNRPS
Source: Evangelista, 2012.;PNRPS, 2011
PNRPS
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
Philippine National REDD+ Strategy
• Empowered forestland managers and support groups sustainably and equitably managing forestlands and ancestral domains with enhanced carbon stock and reduced greenhouse gases emission.
Impact Areas:• Reduced forest degradation and
deforestation• Poverty alleviation• Biodiversity conservation and• Improved governance
Vision
Source: Evangelista, 2012.;PNRPS, 2011
PNRPS
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
Philippine National REDD+ Strategy
• Care for the Earth and life in all its diversity
• Respect for human dignity• Encourage social responsibility• Attainment of social justice• Transparency and accountability• Empowerment through partnership and
collaboration
Values
Source: Evangelista, 2012.;PNRPS, 2011
PNRPS
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
Philippine National REDD+ Strategy
• The Philippine Development Plan for 2008-2016 will implement the PNRPS under the Conservation, Protection and Rehabilitation of the Environment and Natural Resources.
• The Philippine Climate Change Commission (CCC) has approved the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) last November 22, 2011
Source: Evangelista, 2012.;PNRPS, 2011
PNRPS
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
Source: Evangelista, 2012.
Philippine National REDD+ Strategy
Anticipated Timeline
Source: Evangelista, 2012.;PNRPS, 2011
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
Source: Evangelista, 2012.
•Carbon Ownership,•Potential conflicts•National emission
targets•Clear legal mandates
of REDD+ institutions•Social & environmental
safeguards
•Consult & engagestakeholders
•National multi-stakeholdercouncil
•Build on existing structures
•Benefit sharing schemes
•Permanent FLB•Watershed, ecosystem &
landscape planning•Land tenure and carbon
rights•Mgt. & enhancement of
carbon stocks•Sustainable mgt of
production forest•Population growth
•Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation•Science-based conservation intervention (legislation,incentive, capacity-building)•REDD+ research agenda (policy, social science & carbon cycles)
•Communication plan•Consultations & dialogues•Training programs•REDD+ community of
practitioners
•National-level MRV system complemented by sub-national MRV•Reference emission levels•Community-based accounting•Guidelines for non-carbon
reviews•Increase capacities for current
and future requirements of MRV
•Proposals for voluntary funding•Explore long-term financing schemes•Diverse fund management•Capitalize on existing national capacities and resources
Seven Major Components
EnablingPolicy
Governance R&DResearch
AndDevelopment
Capacity Building
and Communicatio
n
RUAM(Resource
Use, Allocation
& Mgt)
MRVMeasurement
ReportingAnd
Verification
SF
SustainableFinancing
PNRPS
Source: Evangelista, 2012.;PNRPS, 2011
REDD+ pilot sites
Sierra Madre Pilot Site
Palawan
Luzon
Mindanao
Visayas
GIZ
Source of slide: Fauna & Flora International, 2012
REDD+ pilot sites in the Philippines1. Forest Policy and Piloting REDD measures through DENR with
support from BMU/GIZ. (Southern Leyte, Leyte Island)
• Area is around 318.48 sq. km• Implementers: GIZ, DENR-FMB• Activities: reforestation, forest resource inventory, Measuring,
Reporting,Verification (MRV), carbon stocktaking, REDD demonstration, Socio-economic baselining, capacity building
• Expected carbon benefits: 35,000 tons avoided carbon emission (forest protection) +7,000 tons/year (ANR, reforestation, agroforestry
Source: Pulhin, F., 2012.College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
2. . Advancing Development of Victoria-Anepahan Communities and Ecosystems through REDD (ADVANCE REDD). The Project is funded by European Union Delegation (Narra & Quezon Palawan, Victoria-Anepahan Range) through NTFP-EP
• Area is about 25,000 sq.km. • Implementers: NTFP-TF, FFI, NATRIPAL, Institute for the
Development of Education and Ecological Alternatives (IDEAS), Municipality of Quezon, Palawan
• Activities: Trainings and orientations, capacity building of LGUs, IPs
• Carbon benefits: not yet estimated• Co benefits: Enterprise and infrastructure development aid
REDD+ pilot sites in the Philippines
Source: Pulhin, F., 2012.College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
3. Sierra Madre Mountain Range Community Carbon Pools Programme (C2P2) through FFI, NTFP-TF, Team Energy Foundation (General Nakar, Quezon)
• Area is about 164,000 ha• Pressure and threats observed before the implementation of in the
area include timber poaching, charcoal making is very rampant, Slash and burn farming (Kaingin farms)
• Implementers: Flora and Fauna International (FFI), Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP), National Commission on Indigenous People (NCIP), TCD, SAGIBIN-LN
• Main activities are: enrichment planting, forestation, agroforestry, capacity building of stakeholders, trainings and continuous consultation with the local communities
• Benefits: carbon not yet estimated, biodiversity as KBAs will be conserved and protected, livelihood for local communities
REDD+ pilot sites in the Philippines
Source: Pulhin, F., 2012.College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
4. Quirino Protected Landscapes
Project Area
Covers 277 hectares of CBFMA farms located in Nagtipunan and Maddela Quirino within the protected area
Source: Pulhin, F., 2012.
Implementers: Conservation International (CI), Palacian Economic Development Association Inc. (PEDAI), DENR, Local government units of Maddela and Nagtipunan; Provincial LGU, moreTrees, Inc. (Japan‐based organization)
Project components: Reforestation:155 ha; Agroforestry:22 ha
Expected carbon benefits: 31,771 tCO2e over its 23 years lifespan
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
Source: Pulhin, F., 2012.
5. Philippine Penablanca Sustainable Reforestation Project
Source: Pulhin, F., 2012.
• Located in municipality of Peñablanca, Cagayan; within the Peñablanca Protected Landscape and Seascape, covering barangays Cabasan, Bugatay, Sisim, San Roque, and Mangga
• Area: 2,943 ha• Implementers: Conservation International (CI),
Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC), DENR, Local Government of Peñablanca
• Activities: reforestation and enhancement planting (1,800 ha); agroforestry (700 ha)
Source: Pulhin, F., 2012.College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
• Carbon benefits: 362,920 tCO2e through avoided emissions and additional sequestration over the 30 year project length
• Co benefit: additional source of income from reforestation activities and sale of fruits
Source: Pulhin, F., 2012.College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
1. External support is essential2. Local participation is critical3. Free and prior informed consent
(FPIC)4. Training of stakeholders5. Sustainability6. National laws and forest policies7. Biodiversity benefits as integral part of
REDD+8. Use of Safeguards
Lessons Learned from early experiences of REDD+ in the Philippines)
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
Source: Lasco et al, 2013
Carandang, A.P. 2012. “Forest Status” Presentation during the 64th Anniversary Convention of the SFFI in Subic Bay, Sept. 19-21, 2012.
Evangelista, R.S. 2012. “Philippine National REDD+ Strategy”Presentation in Seoul Korea, Sept. 3, 2012.
Lasco, R.D. 2013. “Lessons from REDD+ in the Philippines”Presentation during the REDD+Governance Workshop in UPLB January 20-30, 2013.
Philippine National REDD-Plus Strategy (PNRPS). REDD Primer. 2011. http://ntfp.org/coderedd/the-philippines-national-redd-plus-strategy
Pulhin, F. B. 2013.”Forestry Programs in the Philippines: REDD+” Presentation during the Special Course on Tropical Forest Conservation for SNU Students, TREES-UPLB, January 11- February 4, 2013.
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References:
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS
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Thank you!
College of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS