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Industrial Industrial Revolution IntroRevolution Intro
Industrial Industrial Revolution IntroRevolution Intro
Or, My Last DayOr, My Last DayOr, My Last DayOr, My Last Day
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Beforehand Beforehand Beforehand Beforehand
What was life like Pre-industrial What was life like Pre-industrial
Revolution? Revolution?
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PrePrePrePre
Most people lived in what is considered a rural Most people lived in what is considered a rural
setting and had agricultural jobs.setting and had agricultural jobs.
Only a small percentage of people lived in Only a small percentage of people lived in
townstowns
People would specialize in a craft: People would specialize in a craft:
Shoemaking, Barrel making, Weaving, ForgingShoemaking, Barrel making, Weaving, Forging
Most work was done by handMost work was done by hand
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WaterWaterWaterWater
The first step in the industrial revolution The first step in the industrial revolution
was to harvest power so that people were was to harvest power so that people were
no longer expending energy.no longer expending energy.
Rivers were the cheapest, most readily Rivers were the cheapest, most readily
available sourceavailable source
Example: River Irwell has an average Example: River Irwell has an average
discharge of 18 metres cubed/seconddischarge of 18 metres cubed/second
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Problem Problem Problem Problem
Using water as a power source does have Using water as a power source does have
down sides. What is it?down sides. What is it?
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AnswerAnswerAnswerAnswer
You You
need need
water.water.
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SolutionSolutionSolutionSolution
Steam power allowed industry to move Steam power allowed industry to move
out of the hills and away from rivers. out of the hills and away from rivers.
But all this will be covered. Today is just But all this will be covered. Today is just
the introductionthe introduction
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But SteamBut SteamBut SteamBut Steam
As more coal was used there was more As more coal was used there was more
pollution. pollution.
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ImpactImpactImpactImpact
The industrial revolution has had a HUGE The industrial revolution has had a HUGE
impact on society today. impact on society today.
Examples: Demographics, Urbanization, Examples: Demographics, Urbanization,
Comodification of Labour, Increased Comodification of Labour, Increased
Wealth, More Free Time, Better Education, Wealth, More Free Time, Better Education,
Better GoodsBetter Goods
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DemographicsDemographicsDemographicsDemographics
Due to the industrial revolution Due to the industrial revolution
populations began to grow. populations began to grow.
Not only did the populations of countries Not only did the populations of countries
increase, the populations within cities increase, the populations within cities
increased. People were centralizing. increased. People were centralizing.
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Manchester Manchester PopulationPopulationManchester Manchester PopulationPopulation
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UrbanizationUrbanizationUrbanizationUrbanization
As industry began to boom people began to As industry began to boom people began to
centralize.centralize.
Their work was no longer on the land. Now Their work was no longer on the land. Now
their work was in the manufactories. It their work was in the manufactories. It
made more sense to live near work so they made more sense to live near work so they
moved to where the rivers or mines were.moved to where the rivers or mines were.
City populations skyrocketed at this timeCity populations skyrocketed at this time
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Manchester 1650Manchester 1650Manchester 1650Manchester 1650
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Manchester 1800Manchester 1800Manchester 1800Manchester 1800
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Manchester Manchester 18901890
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UrbanizationUrbanizationUrbanizationUrbanizationSome groups of people looked to Some groups of people looked to
industrialization and urbanization as industrialization and urbanization as
something incredibly positive.something incredibly positive.
Englishman Robert Vaughan (1844) said that “ Englishman Robert Vaughan (1844) said that “
towns are the bulwark of the commercial class towns are the bulwark of the commercial class
against the conservative landed aristocracy”against the conservative landed aristocracy”
German Karl Bucher’s (1890) view is that German Karl Bucher’s (1890) view is that
“urban growth is positive because it was not “urban growth is positive because it was not
the result of a sovereign decree but of the the result of a sovereign decree but of the
spontaneous social activity of ordinary spontaneous social activity of ordinary
people”people”
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Anti-UrbanizationAnti-UrbanizationAnti-UrbanizationAnti-Urbanization
However, there was a strong movement against However, there was a strong movement against
urbanizationurbanization
Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl wrote in 1854 that Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl wrote in 1854 that
“Europe was sick as a result of her monstrous “Europe was sick as a result of her monstrous
towns” and that “Urbanization drew people towns” and that “Urbanization drew people
from the country to the town and created a from the country to the town and created a
rootless proletariat that obeyed neither man rootless proletariat that obeyed neither man
nor God”. Towns had become the “cradle of nor God”. Towns had become the “cradle of
immorality and rebellious political mentality”immorality and rebellious political mentality”
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Division of LabourDivision of LabourDivision of LabourDivision of Labour
One thing that came with the industrial One thing that came with the industrial
revolution was the division of labour. To revolution was the division of labour. To
successfully divide labour people had to successfully divide labour people had to
microspecialize. microspecialize.
Example from your text on pg 207 about making Example from your text on pg 207 about making
pins. pins.
One had to make the wire, one straighten it, one One had to make the wire, one straighten it, one
cut it, one points it, one makes the head etc etc. cut it, one points it, one makes the head etc etc.
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Division of LabourDivision of LabourDivision of LabourDivision of Labour
By doing this production skyrocketed. By doing this production skyrocketed.
Why? Why?
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ConsequencesConsequencesConsequencesConsequences
What are the consequences (and I mean What are the consequences (and I mean
negative or positive consequences) of negative or positive consequences) of
Division of Labour? Division of Labour?
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ConsequencesConsequencesConsequencesConsequences
What are the consequences of What are the consequences of
Urbanization? Urbanization?