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Initial Investigations at the Round Mountain Cerro de Trincheras Site in Southeastern Arizona
John R. Roney (Colinas Cultural Resources) Robert J. Hard (University of Texas-San Antonio)
A.C. MacWilliams (University of Calgary) Mary Whisenhunt (University of Texas-San Antonio)
18th Biennial Mogollon Archaeology Conference
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Round Mountain Site
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Round Mountain Site
Round Mountain (AZ CC:4:61 (ASM))
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Cerros de Trincheras
– Round Mountain tentatively dated to Early Agriculture period
– Cerros de Trincheras in western and southern Chihuahua, northern Sonora, and southern Arizona
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Setting: Gila River Floodplain
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History of Research• Site found on
Google Earth• Limited surface
collection, test excavation, surface recording
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Construction• 1.9 kilometers of
constructed walls/terraces
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Rock Rings
• Assumed to represent individual dwellings
• 3.5 m in diameter
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Surface Collection
• Most mapped artifacts concentrated near summit and on southeastern side of hill
• Distribution clusters near rock rings
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Chipped Stone Surface Distribution• Almost all found inside walls• Four Tularosa corner-
notched points, one likely San Pedro point
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Ground Stone Artifacts• Extensive assemblage
of metates, manos• Heavy wear; most
composed of basalt
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Unusual Artifacts
• Rectangular stone mortar
• Stone pipes
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Ceramic Distribution• Sherds clustered
at hill summit• Suggests later
occupational use of mountain top
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Excavations• Three test units• All located south-
southeast on hill near summit
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Artifacts From Excavation
1 cm 5 cm
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Ethnobotanical Collection
• Light and heavy fractions collected
• No domesticates
• Wood record dominated by juniper, mesquite, oak
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Radiocarbon Dating
• Beta 390818, AMS on charred Atriplex wood• 2370 ± 30 BP radiocarbon years• 510 – 395 B.C. Calibrated, 2 sigma• Excavated from Test Unit 2, level 6
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Conclusion
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Acknowledgements• Dept of Anthropology, the College of Liberal and
Fine Arts, Center for Archaeological Research, and the Office of Vice-President of Research at the University of Texas at San Antonio
• Colinas Cultural Resource Consulting• Bureau of Land Management, Safford District• Dick Kaler, Duncan, Arizona• Bill and Jill Cavaliere, Rodeo, NM• Team Members: Gabriela Gonzalez, Ashley Jones,
David Barron