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Injuries to the TissuesInjuries to the Tissues
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Role of ATCRole of ATC
1. Recognize different types of injuries
2. Distinguish between levels of injury severity
3. Apply appropriate first aid and ongoing treatment
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Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization
Cells
Organ Systems Tissues
Organs
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Cells
• Basic structural and functional unit of ALL living organisms.
• Cells divide to form tissues (specialization)
• Divide through meiosis and mitosis
• Meiosis – sex cell division
• Mitosis – all other cell division
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Types of CellsTypes of CellsBlood cells Nerve Cell
Cardiac Muscle Cell
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Skeletal muscles are stimulated by nerve impulses carried by motor neurons. The axon (A) that carries the impulse to
little pads called motor end plates (B).
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Types of Cells
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Types of Cells
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TissuesTissues
• A collection of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function
• Interstitial fluid – tissue fluid that occupies tiny spaces between cells
• Dehydration = not enough tissue fluid• Edema (swelling) = too much tissue
fluid
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Types of Tissue
1. Epithelial Tissue (Skin) – lines outside and inside of the body and organs
abrasions
l lacerations
contusions
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Types of Tissues
2. Connective Tissue
“holds” things together
provide framework– Examples:
• Soft– Adipose (fatty)– Tendons– Ligaments
• Hard– Osseous (bone)– Cartilage
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Types of Tissues
3. Nerve Tissue – the communication highway from the CNS to the muscles, organs, and other various systems
• Composed ofNeurons – Nerve cells
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Types of Tissues
4. Muscle Tissue – allows muscles to produce movement and power
• Types– Skeletal (attaches to
bones)– Cardiac (causes heart
to contract)– Smooth (organs)
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Superficial Injuries to Epithelial Tissue
• Abrasions – outer layer has been scraped off
• Laceration – jagged tear in the flesh• Puncture Wounds – penetration of a sharp
object• Incision – clean, straight cut• Avulsion – tissue is torn loose or pulled off• Callus – thickened area of skin• Blister – build-up of fluid under the skin• Bites – occur from insects, reptiles, animals, and
humans
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Injuries to Tissues
A. B.
C. D.
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Skin Infections and Conditions
• Tinea Pedis – (athletes foot) caused by fungus
• Hematomas – a blood-filled swollen area (goose-egg)
• Contusions – Injury received by a blow causing bleeding in the tissue (bruise)
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Contusions: Treatment and CareContusions: Treatment and Care
Immediate Treatment (RICER)• Rest• Ice – applied for 20 minutes• Compression – ace bandage• Elevation• Range of Motion
Follow-up Treatment• Continue to ice• Mild stretching• Protect area = donut-shaped pad over injury
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Muscular System
•Over 600 muscles in the body
•All produce movement
3 Types of Muscle Tissue– Cardiac– Smooth– Skeletal
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Skeletal Muscles
• Point of origin
• Point of insertion
• Attached to bones by tendons
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Movements of Skeletal Muscles
Plantar Flexion
Dorsiflexion
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Pronation Supination
Abduction Adduction
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Flexion and Extension
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Injuries to Muscle Tissue
• Muscle Strain – overstretching or tearing of the muscle
– Usually where the tendon meets the muscle– Common sites: hamstrings, hip flexor,
quadriceps, gastrocnemius
– Classified in degrees: 1st, 2nd, 3rd
TreatmentRICEStretching
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• Myositis Ossificans – condition in which calcium is produced within the muscle after a blow
Treatment
Send to physician for x-ray
Use donut-shaped pad over area when returns
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• Tendonitis – inflammation of a tendon– caused by repeated stress & repetitive
motions– microtears in tendon sheath
Treatment
RICE
mild stretching
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Healing Process