Injuries to the TissuesInjuries to the Tissues

Role of ATCRole of ATC

1. Recognize different types of injuries

2. Distinguish between levels of injury severity

3. Apply appropriate first aid and ongoing treatment

Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization

Cells

Organ Systems Tissues

Organs

Cells

• Basic structural and functional unit of ALL living organisms.

• Cells divide to form tissues (specialization)

• Divide through meiosis and mitosis

• Meiosis – sex cell division

• Mitosis – all other cell division

Types of CellsTypes of CellsBlood cells Nerve Cell

Cardiac Muscle Cell

Skeletal muscles are stimulated by nerve impulses carried by motor neurons. The axon (A) that carries the impulse to

little pads called motor end plates (B).

Types of Cells

Types of Cells

TissuesTissues

• A collection of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function

• Interstitial fluid – tissue fluid that occupies tiny spaces between cells

• Dehydration = not enough tissue fluid• Edema (swelling) = too much tissue

fluid

Types of Tissue

1. Epithelial Tissue (Skin) – lines outside and inside of the body and organs

abrasions

l lacerations

contusions

Types of Tissues

2. Connective Tissue

“holds” things together

provide framework– Examples:

• Soft– Adipose (fatty)– Tendons– Ligaments

• Hard– Osseous (bone)– Cartilage

Types of Tissues

3. Nerve Tissue – the communication highway from the CNS to the muscles, organs, and other various systems

• Composed ofNeurons – Nerve cells

Types of Tissues

4. Muscle Tissue – allows muscles to produce movement and power

• Types– Skeletal (attaches to

bones)– Cardiac (causes heart

to contract)– Smooth (organs)

Superficial Injuries to Epithelial Tissue

• Abrasions – outer layer has been scraped off

• Laceration – jagged tear in the flesh• Puncture Wounds – penetration of a sharp

object• Incision – clean, straight cut• Avulsion – tissue is torn loose or pulled off• Callus – thickened area of skin• Blister – build-up of fluid under the skin• Bites – occur from insects, reptiles, animals, and

humans

Injuries to Tissues

A. B.

C. D.

Skin Infections and Conditions

• Tinea Pedis – (athletes foot) caused by fungus

• Hematomas – a blood-filled swollen area (goose-egg)

• Contusions – Injury received by a blow causing bleeding in the tissue (bruise)

Contusions

Hematoma

Contusions: Treatment and CareContusions: Treatment and Care

Immediate Treatment (RICER)• Rest• Ice – applied for 20 minutes• Compression – ace bandage• Elevation• Range of Motion

Follow-up Treatment• Continue to ice• Mild stretching• Protect area = donut-shaped pad over injury

Muscular System

•Over 600 muscles in the body

•All produce movement

3 Types of Muscle Tissue– Cardiac– Smooth– Skeletal

Skeletal Muscles

• Point of origin

• Point of insertion

• Attached to bones by tendons

Movements of Skeletal Muscles

Plantar Flexion

Dorsiflexion

Pronation Supination

Abduction Adduction

Flexion and Extension

Injuries to Muscle Tissue

• Muscle Strain – overstretching or tearing of the muscle

– Usually where the tendon meets the muscle– Common sites: hamstrings, hip flexor,

quadriceps, gastrocnemius

– Classified in degrees: 1st, 2nd, 3rd

TreatmentRICEStretching

• Myositis Ossificans – condition in which calcium is produced within the muscle after a blow

Treatment

Send to physician for x-ray

Use donut-shaped pad over area when returns

• Tendonitis – inflammation of a tendon– caused by repeated stress & repetitive

motions– microtears in tendon sheath

Treatment

RICE

mild stretching

Healing Process