Integrative Medicine and Phytotherapy
Integrative Medicine and Phytotherapy
Chapter 20Chapter 20
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
NCCAMNCCAM
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
—Investigates and evaluates alternative therapies and their effectiveness
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
—Investigates and evaluates alternative therapies and their effectiveness
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Herbs and BotanicalsHerbs and Botanicals
Used by many Americans
Always ask what patients are taking and frequency of use
Used by many Americans
Always ask what patients are taking and frequency of use
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Health is more than the absence of disease.The body can heal itself.Health is more than the absence of disease.The body can heal itself.
Integrative TherapiesIntegrative Therapies
Naturopathy
Homeopathy
Traditional Chinese medicine
Acupuncture
Phytotherapy
Naturopathy
Homeopathy
Traditional Chinese medicine
Acupuncture
Phytotherapy
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
NaturopathyNaturopathy
Therapeutic system that uses natural methods of healing (light, heat, air, water, and massage)
Modalities of naturopathy include phytomedicines, nutrition, nutritional supplements, and natural forces
Therapeutic system that uses natural methods of healing (light, heat, air, water, and massage)
Modalities of naturopathy include phytomedicines, nutrition, nutritional supplements, and natural forces
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ChiropracticChiropractic
Healing system
—Involves manual manipulation of the musculoskeletal parts of the body
—Meant to improve the normal functioning of the nervous system, which in turn
helps to promote health
Healing system
—Involves manual manipulation of the musculoskeletal parts of the body
—Meant to improve the normal functioning of the nervous system, which in turn
helps to promote health
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
HomeopathyHomeopathy
School of medicine based on the theory that
—Substances in large doses that produce symptoms of a disease in healthy people will cure the same symptoms when administered in very dilute amounts
School of medicine based on the theory that
—Substances in large doses that produce symptoms of a disease in healthy people will cure the same symptoms when administered in very dilute amounts
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Traditional Chinese MedicineTraditional Chinese Medicine
Based on the concept of body life force chi (Qi)
Forces that must be balanced
—Yin and yang and blood Techniques used to bring chi back into
balance
—Acupuncture
—Moxibustion
—Chinese herbs
Based on the concept of body life force chi (Qi)
Forces that must be balanced
—Yin and yang and blood Techniques used to bring chi back into
balance
—Acupuncture
—Moxibustion
—Chinese herbs
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
RegulationRegulation
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA).
Commission E monographs
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA).
Commission E monographs
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Commonly Used BotanicalsCommonly Used Botanicals
Echinacea
Garlic
Ginger
Gingko biloba
Ginseng
Echinacea
Garlic
Ginger
Gingko biloba
Ginseng
Hawthorn
Milk thistle
Saw palmetto
St. John’s wort
Valerian
Hawthorn
Milk thistle
Saw palmetto
St. John’s wort
Valerian
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
EchinaceaEchinacea
Source: Purple cornflower
Indication: Stop or moderate colds or flu
Action: Macrophages and their secretions
Cautions: Avoid if immune system is hampered and do not use continually
Source: Purple cornflower
Indication: Stop or moderate colds or flu
Action: Macrophages and their secretions
Cautions: Avoid if immune system is hampered and do not use continually
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
GarlicGarlic
Source: Garlic plant
Indication: Lower serum cholesterol and triglycerides
Action: Chewing or crushing activates several sulfur-containing compounds
Cautions: Allergies, GI symptoms, interaction with
anticoagulant drugs
Source: Garlic plant
Indication: Lower serum cholesterol and triglycerides
Action: Chewing or crushing activates several sulfur-containing compounds
Cautions: Allergies, GI symptoms, interaction with
anticoagulant drugs
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Common Uses of BotanicalsCommon Uses of Botanicals
Ginger: For nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and motion sickness
Gingko: Improved blood circulation
Ginseng: General improvement from the steroidlike components
Hawthorn: Heart conditions, works as well as an ACE inhibitor
drug
Ginger: For nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and motion sickness
Gingko: Improved blood circulation
Ginseng: General improvement from the steroidlike components
Hawthorn: Heart conditions, works as well as an ACE inhibitor
drug
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Common Uses of Botanicals—cont’dCommon Uses of Botanicals—cont’d
Milk thistle: Used to treat mild to moderate liver diseases
Saw palmetto: Reduce symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
St. John’s Treat mild to moderate wort: depression
Valerian: Tranquilizer and sleep aid
Milk thistle: Used to treat mild to moderate liver diseases
Saw palmetto: Reduce symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
St. John’s Treat mild to moderate wort: depression
Valerian: Tranquilizer and sleep aid
© 2004, 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
SummarySummary
Identify use of herbs and botanicals.
Monitor for side effects.
Document for records.
Discuss with physician.
Identify use of herbs and botanicals.
Monitor for side effects.
Document for records.
Discuss with physician.