International Journal of Applied Research & Studies ISSN 2278 – 9480
iJARS/ Vol. I/ Issue III/Dec, 2012/198 1
http://www.ijars.in
Research Article
An Empirical Investigation of Karnataka State Financial
Corporation and Industrial Development in Gulbarga District
of Karnataka State
Authors: AnilKumar. B. Kote
Address for Correspondence:
Ph.D Research Scholar, Dept. of Studies in Economics, Karnatak University, Dharwad
Abstract:
The KSFC is one among leading state financial corporation in the country. It is
playing a vital role in industrial growth of our state in general and particularly in industrial
backward regions like Hyderabad Karnataka region. Today, while the state economy is making
rapid strides in the global market. Karnataka State Financial Corporation is moving in tandem.
KSFC is fine tuned to fulfill the plans and aspirations of entrepreneurs by extending all possible
assistance. Karnataka State Financial Corporation (KSFC) provides finance to industries. The
SFCs were established with the purpose of promoting the growth of small, medium and large-
scale industries in the country in order to augment the growth of industries and make the nation
self-sufficient. They play a major role in the industrial development of regions. KSFC has been
providing finance, technical know-how, etc., to the small and medium-scale industries in the
states. The main objective of the study is to analyze the performance of Karnataka State
Financial Corporation’s (KSFC) in giving financial assistance to Small-Scale Industries (SSI) in
liberalized era.. The study is analytical in nature, throwing light on the financing pattern of SSI
sector by KSFC, covering year-wise, type-wise, industry-wise, constitution-wise, and size-wise
and district-wise credit sanctions and disbursements in Karnataka. KSFC has failed in its
objective of balanced development, as most of the sanctions have been made only to a few
districts of Karnataka and a small share of the total amount sanctioned has gone to the backward
districts. Moreover, the percentage share of arrears is increasing and recovery ratio is decreasing
year-by-year.
International Journal of Applied Research & Studies ISSN 2278 – 9480
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Over the last 50 years in the state of Karnataka. Karnataka state financial corporation is one of
the robust and professionally managed state financial corporations. It has contributed most
significant for the growth of small scale industries [SSIs] back word area development and
promotion of first generation entrepreneurs. It’s achievement in these areas is unparallel.
Key Words: KSFC, Industrial Development, Performance, Sanctions, Disbursement, Industrial
development.
I.INTRODUCTION:
The Karnataka State Financial Corporation [KSFC] was established in the year 1959 under the
state financial corporation Act1951 for promoting industrial Entrepreneurship in the state of
Karnataka. The KSFC is one among leading state financial corporation in the country. It is
playing a vital role in industrial growth of our state in general and particularly in industrial
backward regions like Hyderabad Karnataka region. Today, while the state economy is making
rapid strides in the global market. Karnataka State Financial Corporation is moving in tandem.
KSFC is fine tuned to fulfill the plans and aspirations of entrepreneurs by extending all possible
assistance. Karnataka State Financial Corporation is one of the fast track term lending financial
institutions in the country with assistance to over 1,60,645 units amounting to nearly Rs,9,101
crore out of which more than 50 percent is towards small scale industries.
Over the last 50 years in the state of Karnataka. Karnataka state financial corporation is
one of the robust and professionally managed state financial corporations. It has contributed most
significant for the growth of small scale industries [SSIs] back word area development and
promotion of first generation entrepreneurs. It’s achievement in these areas is unparallel.
Karnataka is one of the 28 states in India and emerging as an industrial super power of the
country. The state has 30 districts and 176 taluks. Over the last 100 years the State has had the
distinction of building a strong and vibrant industrial base, which combines the intrinsic and
medium privately owned industries and a very wide and dispersed micro and small scale sector.
Karnataka has demonstrated strength over a wide spectrum of sectors in industry and has
outstanding examples of success in the world economy.
In the recent times Karnataka has emerged as the knowledge and technology capital of
the country making rapid strides in the new economy as well. Karnataka is among the Top Five
industrial states in the country. The achievements of Karnataka in promoting high-tech
industries in key sectors like telecommunication, electronics, information technology, precision
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engineering, automobiles, readymade garments, bio-technology and food processing have been
not worthy.
The strong base of large and medium scale industry established in Karnataka has given a
wide scope for promotion of vibrant small scale sector in the state providing considerable
employment opportunities to the people of Karnataka. The Karnataka State Financial
Corporation on ISO9001-2000 certified organization is proud to have played a major role in the
industrial development of the state. It is also the proud privilege of Karnataka State Financial
Corporation has assisted many industries that are internationally recognized like Infosys and
Biocon.
The study is analytical in nature, throwing light on the financing pattern of SSI sector by KSFC,
covering year-wise, type-wise, industry-wise, constitution-wise, and size-wise and district-wise
credit sanctions and disbursements in Karnataka. KSFC has failed in its objective of balanced
development, as most of the sanctions have been made only to a few districts of Karnataka and a
small share of the total amount sanctioned has gone to the backward districts. Moreover, the
percentage share of arrears is increasing and recovery ratio is decreasing year-by-year.
Over the last 50 years in the state of Karnataka. Karnataka state financial corporation is one of
the robust and professionally managed state financial corporations. It has contributed most
significant for the growth of small scale industries [SSIs] back word area development and
promotion of first generation entrepreneurs. It’s achievement in these areas is unparallel.
II.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
Industrial development in India is at a very slow rate and the significant feature of it is,
it’s concentration in few regions/states in the country. Therefore, there are ‘inter-state’ and
‘intra-state’ disparities in industrial development. Many industries are concentrated in and
around Bangalore. The Hyderabad Karnataka region which includes Bidar, Gulbarga, Raichur
and Koppal the Northern most part of the state extremely backward in industrial development. In
this context, the promotional institutions like KSFC are mainly engaged in promoting small and
medium enterprises focusing on backward region. The present study thus intends to analysis the
functioning of KSFC in this backward region in terms of promotion of enterprises and
entrepreneurship in small and medium enterprises.
III.IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH GAP:
There is dearth of studies pertaining to analysis of finance and industrial development in
the backward regions. Finance for industrial development specially the SMEs concept is
powerful strategy to remove the backwardness in the country. There is a need for more micro
level studies to find out the real obstacles at this level because the dimensions of the problem
across the regions hence it is essential to study the impact of Karnataka state financial
corporation on industrial development in Gulbarga district.
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The study attempts to raise the following research questions:-
What is the present status of industrial development in Gulbarga district?
What is the role of SFCs vis-à-vis KSFC in promoting industrial development in backward
areas?
What is the nature of enterprises financed by KSFC in backward region of Gulbarga district?
To what extent these industries are viable and generate benefits to private investors?
What is their contribution to entrepreneurship development?
IV.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
The present study aims at examining the contribution of promotional agencies in the
industrial development of Karnataka and Gulbarga District. For this purpose following objectives
have been outlined.
1) To examine the role of promotional agencies in industrial development focusing on KSFC.
2) To study about the contribution of KSFC’s for industrial development in Karnataka state and
Gulbarga district.
3) To study the pattern industrial development in Gulbarga district.
4) To examine the viability of industries sponsored by KSFC based on sample study in
Gulbarga district.
5) To know the problems faced by the KSFC in financing industrial development.
6) To study the problems faced by entrepreneurs in operating the industries.
7) To offer suggestions based on analysis.
Table-1
Performance of KSFC for the period 2001-2010
Year No Sanction
amount
Growth
rate
Disbursement
amount
Growth
rate
%
percentage of
sanction to
disbursement
2000-01 54 549.83 95.30 448.11 96.30 81.49
2001-02 50 548.22 99.70 479.36 106.97 87.43
2002-03 29 294.72 53.62 257.12 53.60 87.24
2003-04 37 473.18 160.75 445.06 173.30 94.17
2004-05 37 557.53 117.14 516.97 116.00 92.72
2005-06 40 579.20 103.88 510.02 98.69 88.08
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2006-07 45 648.70 111.87 600.20 117.64 92.52
2007-08 37 586.50 90.41 500.00 83.30 82.25
2008-09 30 720.50 122.84 525.72 105.14 72.96
2009-10 27 861.00 119.50 397.83 75.67 4620
2010-11 06 168.00 19.12 16.20 4.02 9.64
Total 392 5987.38 - 4697.11 - 78.45
Source: KSFC Operational Statistics 2006-07, 2007-08 and 2008-09
From the above table1, we get the clear picture of the 11 years performance of KSFC
Gulbarga branch office year wise performance summary. During the year 2000-01 Gulbarga
branch office has sanctioned the Rs. 549.83 lakhs and the disbursement was Rs. 448.11 loans
81.49 percent Rs. 598.22 and 294.72 sanctions are made by branch of office in the year 2001-02
and 2002-03 respectively. 2003-04 to 2006-07 the sanctions are at an in increasing trend in the
year 2007-08 it was decreased 82.25 percent to 72.96 percent in the next financial year again
branch office was sanctioned Rs. 720.50 loans and Rs. 861.00 lakhs in the year 2008-09 and
2009-10 respectively.
Table-2
KSFC year wise and industry wise performance 2004-05 to 2008-09
(Amount Rs. In Lakhs)
Industry
Year wise sanctions and disbursement and sanctions to 2005
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
San. Disb
.
% San. Disb
.
% San
.
Disb
.
% San
.
Disb
.
% San. Disb
.
%
Stone
quarrying
14.94 14.94 100 - - - 16 - - - - - 78 62 79.4
8
Food
processing
12.59 117.5
6
97.4
8
311 828 90.6
7
14 14 100 335 317 94.6
2
- - -
Paper and
Paper
product
4.50 4.10 91.1
1
2.50 2.50 100 280 272 97.1
4
- - - 397.9
0
219.4
3
55.1
1
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Rubber and
Rubber
product
27 22 81.4
8
- - - - - - - - - - - -
Chemical
product
2.16 2 92.5
9
- - - - - - - - - - - -
Petroleum
products
24.30 24 99.1
7
- - - - - - - - - - - -
Non-metalic
mineral
product
49.67 29.48 59.3
5
53.60 33.60 62.6
8
25 25 100 23 21 91.3
0
20 - -
Metal
product
24.50 24 97.9
5
7.50 7.50 100 2 2 100 - - - 8 4 50
Miscellaneo
us industry
93.21 93.20 99.9
6
7.50 7.50 100 75.20 70.2
0
93.3
5
28 27.5
0
98.2
1
22 16.62 75.5
4
Hotel 102 94.65 92.7
9
174.3
8
154.1
3
88.3
8
184 170 92.3
9
155 89 57.4
1
163 109.2
0
66.9
9
Electronic
equipment
21.65 21 96.9
9
- - - 6 5 90 40 40 100 - - -
Plastic
goods
5 - - 10 10 100 2 2 100 - - - 40 40 100
Other
industries
30 20 66.6
6
- - - - - - - - - - - -
Total (year) 557.5
2
516.9
7
92.7
2
579.2
8
510.0
2
88.0
7
648 600 92.5
9
586.5 500 85.2
5
720.5 525.7
3
72.9
6
Source: KSFC Operational Statistics 2006-07, 2007-08 and 2008-09
From the table it is observed that a large proportion of advances have gone to food processing
and hotel industry this is observed in the sample. Therefore the hypothesis that KSFC has
promoted small and medium enterprises in consumption sector is proved.
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The above table shows the KSFC Gulbarga branch office yearwise and industry wise sanctions
and disbursements during the last five year. During the year 2004-05 continued to assist a wide
range of industrial activities. In this year 11 industries are covered, branch office sanctioned the
Rs. 557.52 lakhs the amount disbursed was Rs. 516.97 (92.72 percent) four major industries got
the highest assistance in this year, namely food manufacturing and processing units are got the
Rs. 120.59 lakhs 21.62 percent in the total sanctions, miscellaneous industry got the Rs. 93.21
lakh (18.30 percent) in the total sanctions, hotel industry got the Rs. 102 lakhs (19 percent)
remaining amount was distributed other units like rubber, chemical, electronics equipments,
plastic goods and other industries.
In 2005-06 amount sanctioned was increased Rs. 579.08 lakhs out of this Rs. 510.02 was
disbursed in this year only 7 major industries got the assistance from branch office, here also
food manufacturing industry got the Rs. 311 lakhs 53.71 percent in total sanctions and second
place hotel industry got the 174.38 lakhs 30.11 percent remaining amount distributed by other
four industries. Rs. 648, Rs. 586.50 and Rs. 720.5 lakhs sanctioned in the year 2006-07, 2007-08
and 2008-09 respectively all these three year here also the above situation terms to be continued.
KSFC yearwise and industry wise performance summary based on sanctions and disbursement
during the last seven years 2004-05 to 2010-11
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Sto
ne
quar
ryin
g
Food
man
ufa
cturi
ng
Pap
er a
nd P
aper
pro
duct
Rubber
and
Rubber
pro
duct
Chem
ical
pro
duct
Pet
role
um
pro
duct
s
No
n-m
etal
ic
min
eral
pro
duct
Met
al p
roduct
Mis
cell
aneo
us
indust
ry Ho
tel
Ele
ctro
nic
equ
ipm
ent
Pla
stic
goods
Oth
er i
nd
ust
ries
Per
centa
ge
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
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Table-3
Taluka wise distribution of loans 2004-2010
Sl.
No.
Taluka 2004
sanctions
2005
sanctions
2006
sanctions
2007
sanctions
2008
sanctions
2009
sanctions
1. Afzalpur 05 (0.94) 14.00 (2.46) 5 (0.94) 31 (4.05) 30 (5.11) 20 (2.73)
2. Aland 11.50 (2.17) - - - - 13.00 (1.78)
3. Chittapur - - - - 5.00 (0.85) -
4. Chincholi 21.30 (4.59) - - - 6.00 (1.02) -
5. Gulbarga 132.3
(81.75)
399 (70.17) 418.5
(78.69)
591 (77.30) 420 (71.67) 595 (81.50)
6. Jewargi 14.02 (1.51) 35.00 (6.51) - 15.00 (1.96) 19.00 (3.24) 30.00 (4.10)
7. Sedam 8.00 (1.51) - 5.00 (0.94) - - -
8. Shahapur 15.30 (2.89) 38.50 (6.77) 24.70 (4.64) 25.00 (3.27) 35 (5.97) 37 (5.06)
9. Shorapur 17.45 (3.30) 45.58 (8.01) 56 (10.53) 77.50
(10.13)
45 (7.67) 15 (2.05)
10. Yadgir - 36.50 (6.41) 22.50 (4.23) 25.00 (3.37) 26 (4.43) 15.50 (2.12)
Total 528.08
(100)
568.58
(100)
531.77
(100)
764.5 (100) 586 (100) 730.50
(100)
Source: KSFC Branch office, Gulbarga official register books from the relevant years.
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Table shows that Gulbarga taluka accounts for the highest contribution out of the total sanctions to
the extent of 81.69 percent followed by Chincholi taluk 4.60 percent and lowest sanctions to
Afzalpur taluk to the extent of 95 percent of the total sanctions during 2004. Even during 2005-06.
It proposes to sanction highest amount Rs. 817.5 lakhs to Gulbarga taluk which is 71.98 percent
less than the previous year and Shorapur taluk was sanctioned 8.95 percent and lowest was Jewargi
Taluk to the extent of 1.32 percent of total sanctions and 2008-09 sanctioned to the highest these
was Gulbarga taluk again they got 77.13 percent to the total sanction and 5.47 percent sanctioned
to the Shahapur taluka. Lowest sanctions to Aland to the extent of 0.99 percent of the total
sanctions.
V.RECOVERY:
The performance of the branch office in the portfolio of the recovery during the year 2004-05
is excellent and has surpassed the percentage of achievement of the branch office over the last 5 to 6
years. The percentage of recovery is 97.5 percent over it’s target during 2004-05 compared to 91.6
percent over the target during 2003-04. The amount wise recovery also shows an increasing trend
about 531.65 lakhs during 2004-05 which is 50% percent more than the previous year. This has been
achieved mainly due to intensive follow up of individual cases and also sale of assets taken over
under section 29 of SFC act. Performance of the branch office in the field of recovery for the last 5
years is as follows.
Talukawise distribution of loans 2004-2010
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Afzalpur Aland Chittapur Chincholi Gulbarga Jewargi Sedam Shahapur Shorapur Yadgir
Per
cen
tag
e
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
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Table-4
KSFC achievement of target fixed for recovery and percent to target for the year 2004-05
to 2008-09
Period Target Achievement % to target
2004-05 516.97 531.65 102.83
2005-06 579.28 594.22 102.57
2006-07 498.65 494.65 95.60
2007-09 316.08 315.02 99.72
2008-09 413.58 267.05 64.67
Total 2325.28 2203.22 94.75
Source: KSFC Branch office, Gulbarga official register books from the relevant years.
The above table shows that during 2004-05 branch has recovered all time high percentage over
its target to the extent of 102.83 percentage. Even though it decreased during 2003-04 but it is
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Am
ou
nt
and
Per
cen
tag
e
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-09 2008-09
KSFC achievement of target fixed for recovery and percent to target for the year
2004-05 to 2008-09
Target Achievement % to target
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on an increasing trend since 2004-05 to 2008-09. In the year 2004-05 branch office target was
516.97 lakhs it achieve the Rs. 531.65 102.83 percent and Rs. 579.28 target in 2005-06 it’s
achieved Rs. 594.22, 102.57 percent and 2006-07 branch office was achieved Rs. 494.65 target
of Rs. 498.65 95.6 percent, in the year 2007-08 branch office recovery performance was 99.75
percent, Rs. 316.08 was target it achieved Rs. 315.02 lakhs in the year 2008-09 the corporation
was face the target s. 413.58 but it achieved 267.05 64.67 percent only.
The detailed analysis of all cases has been made as follows:
a) 320 number of regular cases.
b) 115 number of default cases
c) 30 number of chronic cases
d) 35 number of section 21 cases in the branch office.
Based on the above cited information the branch has estimated a recovery of Rs. 267.50
lakhs for the year 2008-09 with 17 percent increase over the previous year’s original target.
Since there is saturation in the Dall mill activity and also credit restrictions on agro based
industries like cotton ginning. It is proposed to give importance to the promotional and
development activities to attract business from other industrial sectors and it is planning to
conduct special programmes like conducting seminar and exhibitions. It is also planning to
conduct rural industrialization programme.
Through the industrial climate of the Gulbarga district is not much encouraging, but the
branch office has promoted business to the extent of Rs. 730.50 lakhs during 2008-09 and it is
expecting to promote business to the extent of Rs. 861 lakhs during 2009-10.
VI.SUMMARY, FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS:
SUMMARY:
The KSFC in one of the leading financial institution in the country acting as a catalyst for
industrial growth in Karnataka. Study attempts to assess the KSFC contribution to the industrial
development in Karnataka State and Gulbarga district.
The concentration tend in industrial development continues to exist in the state, yet there
is some change observed in recent years due to the implementation of industrial dispersal
policies in the form of fiscal and financial concessions. The share of backward districts (like
Gulbarga) in industrial units and employment is increasing over the time period.
Gulbarga district is in the process of transition as development is slowly taking place
here. It has a good resource potential, which if used properly may help to promote development
at a faster rate in the near future. The district is now moving towards the industrial development
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as percentage share of secondary sector to total income has increased from 15% to 26% during
2001-02 to 2005-06.
FINDINGS:
1). The study reveals that a considerable industrial growth rate is observed in food processing
and hotel industry and only a moderate growth in capital goods industries. Though, 2001-02
to 2008-09 is a very short period to analyse the impact study of industrial growth but it is
observed that the KSFC is making headway to bring a favorable impact on the industrial
growth of Karnataka state and Gulbarga district.
2). The study reveals that the KSFC has taken special care to ensure that its products and services
are customer-centric with an inclusive approach to meet the needs of all the customers. With
its empathizing attitude, KSFC has ensured that both old and new customers are extended
quality service backed by a range of products. Schemes have been initiated from time to
time and adopted to suit the requirements of the day. Specific lending norms, which offer
special interest rebates, are available to facilities customers
3) The impact of industrial growth on employment generation has been measured by two
important variables, namely volume of investment and number of units. In the case of small
scale industrial units, it is observed that at the state level the volume of investment and the
growth rate of industrial units are showing an upward trend during 2001-02. But the
increases in the number of industrial units are not proportionate to the increase in the volume
of investment. This clearly indicates that the small scale industries units are becoming more
and more capital intensive with the help of KSFC assistance.
4) The study reveals that the Education is an important factor which plays an important role in
the success of any venture. To start any activity, some level of education is essential, though
in the KSFC, there is no minimum qualification for the beneficiaries but the KSFC has
designed for some special schemes to unemployed youths, technicians and professionals. .
Category-wise classification reveals that in industry 50% percent of the beneficiaries have
the level of education of secondary and higher secondary, 20 percent of beneficiaries from
business they have secondary level education and only (1) from professional qualification
observed in service sector beneficiary.
5) The study reveals that the professional level of educated entrepreneur got the highest / level
of profit and higher secondary level of educated entrepreneurs got the second place in profit
earning the entrepreneurs with primary education is under loss. It’s clear from the study the
impact of education qualification on level of profit is significant.
6). The study reveals that the, to promote gender equality in KSFC a provision is made to give
due preference to female, but percentage is not fixed. Our sample study proved that female
participation in economic and other activities is not the same percentage as male members of
the society. The major share is of male 80 percent% and very minor participation by female
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is observed 20% percent only. If we analyze the sector wise participation of female
participation is high in industry sector is compared to other sector. All these reveals that the
male domination continues to exist in getting assistance under the KSFC.
7). The study reveals that the KSFC performance is impressive during the last five years. The
average growth rate in sanction is almost 55% percent. This achievement is mainly due to
sprat in the Dall Industry / Food Processing (units) activities and establishment of agro based
units in Gulbarga district.
VII.SUGGESTIONS FOR THE POLICY FORMATIONS:
A humble effort has been made to provide a few suggestions to KSFC in the following ways.
1) KSFC in Gulbarga district has sanctioned a sizeable portion of its sactions only in the
Gulbarga taluk. Out of the 10 taluks in the district,Taluks like Aland,
Chincholi,Chittapur,Jewargi, and Afzalpur have received very small portion of the total
sanctions made by the corporation in the district. Hence the corporation could ensure that
non-industrialized areas/taluks in the district are fully benefited with its assistance. Regional
considerations should be taken care of in future.
2) Targets should be set to the recovery officers and a special incentive should be provided to
those officers who achieve their targets.
3) The organization structure should be modified and surplus staff should be downsized so that
overhead costs can be reduced.
4) The appraisal department has to consider more parameters in the area of technical analysis,
financial analysis and marketability of the product while sanctioning the financial assistance
to the project. So that projects more viable seek assistance from KSFC.
5) KSFC should establish a system for credit risk evaluation and fine tune their norms of debt
equity, current ratio etc. to improve borrower’s stake for facing cyclical ups and downs.
6) Along with this afford should be made to determine the character, capacity, condition,
collateral and capital of customer to know the credit worthness, wine appraising the proposal.
7) Recovery officers must be thoroughly trained through reputed training institutes and
seminars to be conducted by various development financial institutions. Setting up separate
monitoring department should make credit monitoring functions more effective.
VIII.CONCLUSION:
Karnataka State Financial Corporation (KSFC) provides finance to industries. The SFCs
were established with the purpose of promoting the growth of small, medium and large-scale
industries in the country in order to augment the growth of industries and make the nation self-
sufficient. They play a major role in the industrial development of regions. KSFC has been
providing finance, technical know-how, etc., to the small and medium-scale industries in the
states. The main objective of the study is to analyze the performance of Karnataka State
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Financial Corporation’s (KSFC) in giving financial assistance to Small-Scale Industries (SSI) in
liberalized era. The study is analytical in nature, throwing light on the financing pattern of SSI
sector by KSFC, covering year-wise, type-wise, industry-wise, constitution-wise, and size-wise
and district-wise credit sanctions and disbursements in Karnataka. KSFC has failed in its
objective of balanced development, as most of the sanctions have been made only to a few
districts of Karnataka and a small share of the total amount sanctioned has gone to the backward
districts. Moreover, the percentage share of arrears is increasing and recovery ratio is decreasing
year-by-year.
However, KSFC has helped to promote industrial development in Gulbarga District. The
focus is on agro-processing and hotels and restaurants. i.e., service sector which are the growing
sectors in Gulbarga district. But it is observed that KSFC is more engaged in advancing loan than
extending technical support to industries in the district. The support in the field of market studies
and product identification is also essential as the entrepreneurs in the district lack knowledge
about these crucial issues.
There is also a need to carry out further research studies intensively in analyzing the
various factors affecting industrial growth in the district which may help to develop an appropriate
strategy to promote industrial development in the Gulbarga district.
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