Introduction
Cells
By Mr. Lin
Image Courtesy of http://www.cnas.missouristate.edu/labimages/Biology/Bio122/images/Week%208%20Images/Liver%20cells.JPG
What Are Cells?
What are cells?
• Cells are the “building blocks” to living things.– Each cell has a job in an animal or plant’s
body in order to keep it functioning properly.
• Organelles: – Every cell is made up of smaller parts that
help keep the cell healthy. These are called organelles.
Types of Cells
• Animal cells: – Cells that make up an animal.
• Plant cells: – Cells that make up a plant.
• Plant and Animal cells are similar. However there are a few key differences, which we will discuss later on.
Animal Cells• Well, let me use a . . . Simile .
• “Animal cells are like cities.”
Image Courtesy of http://www.norfolkdevelopment.com/demographic-facts/images/RedSkySkyline.jpg
Animal Cells have . . .
City Limits: BoundariesImage Courtesy of http://www.system-safety.org/~issc_2006/abq-city-limits.gif
Animal Cells also have . . .
A City Government: They control the environmentImage Courtesy of http://www.houstontx.gov/abouthouston/images/cityhall/cityhall-large.gif
Animal Cells have . . .
A Constitution: Plan on how to run the cityImage Courtesy of http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/constitution-day/images/constitution-
01.gif
Animal Cells have . . .
Power Plants: To Provide EnergyImage Courtesy of http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/acidrain/images/ar-stacks.jpg
Animal Cells have . . .
Warehouses: For storing food and wasteImage Courtesy of http://www.treepad.com/photo_album/amsterdam/images/32.jpg and
http://images.trucks.com/images/47a.jpg
Animal Cells have . . .
Space To Move Around In: Roads, sidewalks, lawns, playgrounds, parks
Image Courtesy of http://www.mccullagh.org/db9/10d-13/midtown-manhattan-city-street.jpg
Mitochondria: The Power Plant releases energy from food.
Cell Membrane: Separates surrounding with what’s outside.
Nucleus: The Control Center for all the cell’s activities.
Chromosomes: Thread-like structures that contain information about the animal’s characteristics. Holds DNA.
Cytoplasm: The jellylike substance that fills the cell. Allows other organelles to move around
Vacuoles: Stores food and waste
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
The Nucleus
Mitochondria
Plant Cells
• Well, let me use a . . . Simile .
• “Plant cells are like fortified cities.”
Image courtesy of http://www.softxs.ch/alan/travel/oman/forts/pb120310.jpg
Plant Cells have . . .
Walls: A Stiff protection against intrudersImage Courtesy of http://www.panoramio.com/photos/medium/4674/middle-head-forts-
sydney.jpg
Plant Cells ALSO have . . .
A Food-maker from the Sun: “Magical” devices that turn the sun’s energy into food and sugar.
Image Courtesy of http://www.sunflowerproject.org/sunflower-field-fs.jpg
Plant Cells ALSO have . . .
City Limits: BoundariesImage Courtesy of http://www.system-safety.org/~issc_2006/abq-city-limits.gif
Plant Cells ALSO have . . .
A City Government: They control the environmentImage Courtesy of http://www.houstontx.gov/abouthouston/images/cityhall/cityhall-large.gif
Plant Cells ALSO have . . .
A Constitution: Plan on how to run the cityImage Courtesy of http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/constitution-day/images/constitution-
01.gif
Plant Cells ALSO have . . .
Power Plants: To Provide EnergyImage Courtesy of http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/acidrain/images/ar-stacks.jpg
Plant Cells ALSO have . . .
Warehouses: For storing food and wasteImage Courtesy of http://www.treepad.com/photo_album/amsterdam/images/32.jpg and
http://images.trucks.com/images/47a.jpg
Plant Cells ALSO have . . .
Space To Move Around In: Roads, sidewalks, lawns, playgrounds, parks
Image Courtesy of http://www.mccullagh.org/db9/10d-13/midtown-manhattan-city-street.jpg
Mitochondria: The Power Plant releases energy from food.
Cell Membrane: Separates surrounding with what’s outside.
Chromosomes: Thread-like structures that contain information about the plant’s characteristics. Holds DNA.
Cytoplasm: The jellylike substance that fills the cell. Allows other organelles to move around
Vacuoles: Stores food and waste
Chloroplast: This organelle converts the sun’s energy into sugar through photosynthesis.
Nucleus: The Control Center for all the cell’s activities.
Cell Wall: The stiff protection on the outside
IMPORTANT FACT! Animal cells have MANY small vacuoles. Plant cells have one BIG vacuole
Cell Wall and Vacuoles
Chloroplast (and Photosynthesis)
Review
• The conversion of the sun’s energy into sugar (food) is called . . . – Photosynthesis
• ? + ? + ? = sugar– Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water = sugar
• In what organelle does photosynthesis occur?– Chloroplast
Mitochondria: The Power Plant releases energy from food.
Cell Membrane: Separates surrounding with what’s outside.
Chromosomes: Thread-like structures that contain information about the plant’s characteristics. Holds DNA.
Cytoplasm: The jellylike substance that fills the cell. Allows other organelles to move around
Vacuoles: Stores food and waste
Chloroplast: This organelle converts the sun’s energy into sugar through photosynthesis.
Nucleus: The Control Center for all the cell’s activities.
Cell Wall: The stiff protection on the outside