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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Introduction to aberrations
OPTI 518Lecture 14
![Page 2: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Topics
• Structural aberration coefficients• Examples
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Structural coefficients
Ж
Requires a focal systemAfocal systems can be treated with Seidel sums
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
![Page 5: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
![Page 6: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Structural stop shifting parameter
s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil
s is the distance from the front principal plane to entrance pupil
2
2 2P P Py y yS SЖ Ж
'
2 1 2 1 ' 2 'P Py y s sSЖ Y s n Y s n
1 / 2nu Y y
Using ω on we can express:
2P Py ySЖ
![Page 7: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
![Page 8: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Review of concepts
• Thin lens as the thickness tends to zero
• Shape of a lens and shape factor• Conjugate factor to quantify how the lens
is used. Related to transverse magnification
• Must know well first-order optics
1 2 1 2tn
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Shape and Conjugate factors
nu ' 1' 1
mYm
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
c c R RXc c R R
Lens bending concept
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Shape X
X=-1
X=0
X=-1.7
X=-3.5X=3.5
X=1.7
X=1
X=0
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Shape
X=0
X=0
X=-1X=-2X=-3
X=1X=2X=3
![Page 12: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Shape or bending factor X• Quantifies lens shape• Optical power of thin lens is maintained• Not defined for zero power, R1=R2
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
c c R RXc c R R
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
![Page 14: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
![Page 15: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Example:Refracting surface free from spherical aberration
Object at infinity Y=1
2 2 22 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 ' ' ' 1 2 2 2 112 ' ' ' 2 ' ' ' 'In n n n n n n nn n n n n n n n n n n n
44 3 4 3 4 3
23
1 1 14 4 '
PI P I P I P
yS y n K y y Kr n n
2 4 3 24 3
2 22 2
1 2 1 14 ' ' '' '
PI P
yn nS y K Kn n n nn n n n
22
20'InS Kn
Parabola for reflectionEllipse for air to glassHyperbola for glass to air
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Note
24 3 4 3 4 3
21 1 1 24 4 ''
I P I P P IS y y K y Kn nn n
The contribution to the structural coefficient from the aspheric cap is
22'Icap Kn n
For a reflecting surface is just the conic constant K
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Icap K
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
![Page 19: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
![Page 20: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
![Page 21: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Spherical MirrorA spherical mirror can be treated as a convex/concave
plano lens with n=-1. The plano surface acts as an unfoldingflat surface contributing no aberration.
2
1
11
000
I
II
III
IV
V
L
T
XYY
14
011401
A
BC
D
EF
n=-1
n=1 n=1
![Page 22: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Field curves
![Page 23: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Field curves
Rt~f/3.66Rm~f/2.66Rs~f/1.66Rp~f/0.66
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Thin lensSpherical aberration and coma
I II
Fourth-order
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Spherical aberration of a F/4 lens
•Asymmetry•For high index 4th order predicts well the aberration
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Thin lens spherical aberration
n=1.517
I
Y
X
![Page 27: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Thin lens coma aberration
n=1.517
II
X
Y
![Page 28: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
This lensAplanatic solutions
X=4
Y=5n=1.5
' 1' 1
mYm
![Page 29: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Thin lensSpherical and coma @ Y=0
III
N=1.5N=2N=2.5N=3N=3.5N=4
Strong index dependence
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Thin lens special casesstop at lens
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Thin lens special cases stop at lens
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Thin lens special cases stop at lens
For double convex lens (CX)For double concave lens (CC)
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Thin lens special cases stop at lens
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Thin lens special cases stop at lens
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Achromatic doubletTwo thin lenses in contactThe stop is at the doublet
1 2
1 2
11
22
y y
1 2
21
1
12
2
1
YY
YY
![Page 36: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Achromatic doubletCorrection for chromatic change of focus
1 2
1 2
11 2
1 2
22 1
1 2
1
1
L
L
L
0L
For an achromatic doublet:
2,
,0
kP kk
L L ki P
yy
![Page 37: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Achromatic doubletCorrection for spherical aberration
3 2 2 3 2 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2I A X B X Y CY D A X B X Y C Y D
43,
,0
kP kk
I I ki P
yy
For a given conjugate factor Y, spherical aberration is a functionOf the shape factors X1 and X2 . For a constant value of spherical
aberration we obtain a hyperbola as a function of X1 and X2.
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Achromatic doubletCorrection for coma aberration
22
,, ,
0
kP kk
II II k k I ki P
yS
y
2 21 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2II E X FY E X F Y
For a given conjugate factor Y and a constant amount of coma the graph of X1 and X2 is a straight line.
![Page 39: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Achromatic doubletAstigmatism aberration
2, , ,
0
2k
kIII III k k II k k I k
i
S S
1 21 1III
Astigmatism is independent of the relative lens powers, shape factors,or conjugate factors.
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Achromatic doublet
1 2
1 2IV n n
2 1
2 1
n n
Field curvature aberration
,0
kk
IV IV ki
0IV For an achromatic doublet there is no field curvature if
![Page 41: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Achromatic doubletDistortion and chromatic change of magnification
, ,0
k
T T k k L ki
S
2
2 3, , , , ,
0 ,
3 3k
PV V k k IV k III k k II k k I k
i P k
y S S Sy
00
V
T
![Page 42: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Cemented achromatic doublet
1 1 2 212 21
1 2
1 1 2 2
1 2
2 1
1 12 1 2 1
1 11 1
1 1
X Xc c
n n
X Xn n
X X
2 1
1 2
2 1
1 2
11
11
nn
nn
For achromat
For a cemented achromatic lens the graph of X1 and X2 is a straight line.
![Page 43: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Crown in front: BK7 and F8
![Page 44: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Flint in front: BK7 and F8
![Page 45: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Cemented achromatic doublet
![Page 46: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Cemented doublet solutions
Crown in front
Flint in front
![Page 47: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Doublets with no spherical aberration but with varying coma
Crown in front, no spherical aberration, F/5, f=100 mm, no chromatic aberration
Coma=0Coma=-10 waves Coma=10 waves
![Page 48: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Lister objective
![Page 49: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Lister objective• Two achromatic doublets that are spaced• Telecentric in image space• Normalized system
11100
A
A
IA
IB
Жyu
![Page 50: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Lister objective
The aperture stop is at the first lens.The system is telecentric
111
B
A B
B
yy
![Page 51: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Lister objective
![Page 52: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Condition for zero coma
22,
, ,0
2 2 2 2
2 2
2
2
0
1 0
1
kP kk
II II k k I ki P
II A A IIA B B IIB
IB
II B IIA B IIB
BIIA IIB
B
yS
y
y y
y y
yy
![Page 53: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Condition for zero astigmatism
2, , ,
0
2
2
1 0
1 1 0
2 02
12
2
1
kk
III III k k II k k I ki
III A B B IIB
III B B IIB
B B IIB
BIIB
BIIB
B
B BIIA
B
S S
y
y y
y y
y
yy
y y
y
, ,
2k P k P k
k
y yS
Ж
![Page 54: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Lister Objective
2
2 2
2 2
221
1
1 212123
3
IIB IIA
B BB
B B
B B
B B B
B
A
IIA
IIB
y yyy y
y y
y y y
y
Choose:
![Page 55: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
1Petzval IV
Petzval
Cn
N-BK7 : Petzval radius -151.7 mm
Plano convex lens
![Page 56: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Wollaston meniscus lens
222 220/ 0.8PW W
• Artificially flattening the field• Periscopic lenses
![Page 57: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Periskop lens
• Principle of symmetry• No distortion
![Page 58: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
1Petzval IV
Petzval
v vCn n v v n n
N-BAK1 and N-LLF6: Petzval radius -185 mm
N-BK7 : Petzval radius -151.7 mm
N-BK7 and N-F2: Petzval radius -139.99 mm (+139.99 for negative doublet)
Field curvature
• Old achromat• New achromat
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Chevalier landscape lens
222 220/ 0.8PW W • F/5 telescope doublet used in reverse
and with an aperture stop in front
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
• F/8• Glass selection is keyto minimize spherical aberrationwhile artificially flattening the field
Rapid rectilinear
RMS spot size
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
• Telecentric
Lister microscope objective
2 2 2 2II A A IIA B B IIBy y
2
21B
IIA IIBB
yy
12By
IIA IIB
1 1 0III B B IIBy y
0IA IB
* 22III III II IS S SS S S
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Lister microscope objectivePractical solution
• Two identical doublets• Spherical aberration and coma are corrected• Astigmatism is small• Telecentric• Less vignetting
• RMS wavefront error in waves
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Aplanatic concentric meniscus lens
• Optical speed is increased by an N factor
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Petzval portrait objective
222 220/ 0.8PW W
• Chromatic aberration and spherical aberrationcorrected at each doublet
• Positive coma in the first doublet corrected with negative coma of aberration of the second doublet
• Negative astigmatism introduced by the negative coma of the second doublet toartificially flatten the field of view.
f’=144 mm; F/3.7; FOV=+/- 16.5⁰.
* 22III III II IS S SS S S
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Concentric lens
• Use of new glasses• Reduced Petzval sum• Nearly flat field• Surfaces nearly concentric• Limited by spherical aberration
due to strong curvatures.
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
1Petzval IV
Petzval
v vCn n v v n n
N-BAK1 and N-LLF6: Petzval radius -185 mm
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Anastigmatic lens
• Corrected for spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, and field curvature• Distortion is negligible• Combination of an old achromat and a new achromat
RMS spot size
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Anastigmatic lens
• Corrected for spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, and field curvature• Distortion is negligible• Combination of an old achromat and a new achromat
RMS spot size
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Telephoto lens
• Corrected for spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, and field curvature• Distortion is not corrected• Telephoto ratio=TTL/f
Telephoto lens with BK7 and SF5 glasses. f’=100 mm, F/4, FOV=+/- 6.2⁰, TTL/F=0.8.
2
131 31112
W W Ж u
* 22III III II IS S SS S S
* 2 2III III B IIIB BS S Ж Ж
A B
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Telephoto lens
• Corrected for spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, and field curvature• Distortion is also corrected
Telephoto lens with BK7 and F6 glasses. f’=100 mm, F/4, FOV=+/- 6.2⁰, TTL/F=0.8
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Reverse telephoto lens
• Corrected for spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, and field curvature• Distortion is small ~-1.5%• Large back focal length/distance
Reverse telephoto lens with BK7 and SF5 glasses. f’=100 mm, BFL=200 mm, TTL= 324 mm, FOV=+/-12⁰, F/4
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Ray diffractive law (1D)
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Grating linear phase change
sin ' sin mn I n Id
sin ' sin my n I y yn I yd
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Diffractive opticshigh-index model
1/d
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Diffractive opticshigh-index model
1/d
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Diffractive lens (n very large @ X=0)
A=0B=0C=3D=1E=0F=2
23 1I Y
2II Y 1III
0IV
0V 1
Ldiffractive
0T
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Mirror Systems
'
2 1 2 1 ' 2 'P Py y s sSЖ Y s n Y s n
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Two mirror afocal system
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
![Page 79: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
![Page 80: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
![Page 81: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Two mirror systems111
PyЖ
2
2
2
2
/ 1 11/
111
2 111
P
M ML
y yMLML
SML
MYM
1
1
1
1
/ 1/ 1
00
Py y
SY
2
2
2
2
1
yLy
yMy
![Page 82: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Two mirror systems
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
![Page 84: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
![Page 85: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
![Page 86: Introduction to aberrations...OPTI 518 Structural stop shifting parameter s’ is the distance from the rear principal plane to exit pupil s is the distance from the front principal](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052006/601a0302172f04151908c69a/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Schmidt camera
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Merssene afocal systemAnastigmatic
Confocal paraboloids
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Paul-Baker systemAnastigmatic-Flat field
AnastigmaticParabolic primarySpherical secondary and tertiaryCurved fieldTertiary CC at secondary
Anastigmatic, Flat fieldParabolic primaryElliptical secondary Spherical tertiaryTertiary CC at secondary
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Meinel’s two stage optics concept (1985)
Large DeployableReflector
Second stage correctsfor errors of first stage;fourth mirror is at the
exit pupil.
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Aplanatic, Anastigmatic, Flat-field, Orthoscopic (free from distortion, rectilinear, JS 1987)
Spherical primary telescope.The quaternary mirror is near the exit pupil. Spherical aberration and
Coma are then corrected with a single aspheric surface. The Petzval sum is zero.If more aspheric surfaces are allowed then more aberrations
can be corrected.
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Prof. Jose SasianOPTI 518
Summary
• Structural coefficients• Basic treatment• Analysis of simple systems