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Introduction to Simple MachinesIntroduction to Simple Machines
Lou LoftinFETC Conference
Orlando, FLJanuary 28 – 31, 2014
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Agenda
• Hands-on learning with K’NEX Education
• Introduction to Simple Machines Sets
• Alignment to National Standards
• Making work easier
• Building and Investigating
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Introduction to Simple Machines Levers and Pulleys Set
• 178 pieces to build 8 real world models of:– 1st, 2nd, and 3rd class
levers– Fixed, movable and
combination pulleys• Supports 2 – 3 students
working as a team.• Teacher Guide on CD
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Introduction to Simple Machines: Wheels & Axles and Inclined Planes Set
• 178 K’NEX Pieces to build 7 real
world models
• Instruction Booklet
• Supports 2 - 3 students working as
a team
• Teacher Guide on CD
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Introduction to Simple Machines Gears Set
• 198 pieces to build 7 real
world models
• Instruction Booklet
• Supports 2 – 3 students
working as a team.
• Teacher Guide on CD
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Key Concepts• Making work easier • W = Fd (Work equals force
times distance) • Effort Arm, Resistance Arm, and
Fulcrum • Classes of levers • Ideal Mechanical Advantage • Actual Mechanical Advantage • Fixed Pulley • Movable Pulley • Block and Tackle • Mechanical Systems
• Changing the direction of force • Wedge • Screw • Measurement, data
organization, data analysis • Energy Transfer • Gear Ratios • Spur Gears • Crown Gears • Chain Driven Systems
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NSES Science Content Standards Alignment
• Unifying Concepts and Processes– Systems, order, and organization– Evidence, models, and explanation
• Science as Inquiry– Understandings about scientific inquiry
• Physical Science– Position and motion of objects– Motions and forces
• Science and Technology– Abilities of technological design
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Next Generation Science Standards
• Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence of the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object.
• Make observations and/or measurements of an object’s motion to provide evidence that that a pattern can be used to predict future motion.
• Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure
points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved.
• Support an argument that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on
objects is directed down.
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ITEEA Technological Literacy StandardsThe Nature of Technology
Core Concepts of Technology• Systems, Processes and Requirements
Design Engineering Design
• Engineering design process• Creativity and considering all ideas• Models
The role of troubleshooting, research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem solving
• Invention and innovation• ExperimentationAbilities for a Technological World Apply design process• Test and evaluate solutions• Improve a design
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NCTM Standards and Expectations
• Algebra Analyze change in various contexts
• Data Analysis and Probability Formulate questions that can be addressed with data and collect,
organize, and display relevant data to answer them
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Common Core - Mathematics• Operations and Algebraic Thinking
• Write and interpret numerical expressions.
• Analyze patterns and relationships.
• Number and Operations in Base Ten
• Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals
to hundredths.
• Measurement and Data
• Convert like measurement units within a given measurement system.
• Represent and interpret data.
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Q: Why do we use simple machines?
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A: Because they make work easier.
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How do simple machines make work easier?
• by changing the direction of a force
• by multiplying force
• by multiplying the distance something moves
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Building Levers
• The wheelbarrow is an
example of a second class
lever.
• Follow the directions in the
Instructions Booklet to
build the wheelbarrow.
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Investigating the Wheelbarrow
• All levers have a fulcrum, load, and an effort force. Draw a diagram of your model and label each of these parts.
• Does your model multiply force, multiply distance (speed), and/or change the direction of force?
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Design Challenge
• How can you modify the model to demonstrate how the wheelbarrow
could multiply force even more?
• Make the change to your model with other pieces in your set.
• Be prepared to demonstrate your design modification to the entire
group and explain the science behind the change.
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Analyze the Models• Various models from the Introduction to Simple Machines Sets will be
demonstrated.
• Your challenge is to name the models, name the simple machine they
demonstrate, and describe whether the model multiplies force, multiplies
distance (speed), and/or changes the direction of force.
• You will receive plenty of support and many suggestions from the other
workshop participants.
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