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Is Europe in Harmony?How the Harmonised Asphalt Standards are
being implemented across Europe
Implications for Test Equipment Manufacturers
Keith Cooper. Cooper Research Technology Limited
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Decisions
• Do we make EN equipment?• Which equipment do we make?• How do we interpret the ENs?
Once a new technology rolls over you, ifyou’re not part of the steamroller, you’repart of the road
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EN 12697-25 Stiffness (IT-CY)
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EN 12697-25 Cyclic compression
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EN 12697
Small size device – Procedure B Smooth steel roller32 Wheeltracking 22 Slab compaction
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French mixture design procedureSelect candidate mixture
Accept
2 Point trapezoidal - modulusfail
Adjust mixture
compositionfail
Gyratory - workability
failDuriez – moisture susceptibility
Slab compactor – make slabscut specimens
failLarge wheel tracker – rut resistance
fail2 Point trapezoidal - fatigue
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EN 12697-22 Wheeltracking
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Large size device
6.1.1.4 The rolling load applied to the test specimen shall be (5000 ± 50) N at the centre of the test specimen, measured at least when the device is static.
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EN12697-33 Slab compactionPneumatic tyred slab compactor
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BS EN12697-26 Stiffness - Test methods
Which equipment do we make?
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EN12697-24 Fatigue
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Four point bending
D.2.1 Test machine (Four point bending fatigue)Equipment that shall be capable of applying a
sinusoidal load to a specimen by a suitable mechanism via two inner clamps mounted on the specimen (Figure D.1). The frequency of the load, fo, shall be in the range 0 to 60 Hz with an accuracy of 0,1 Hz.
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EN 12697 – 24 Resistance to fatigue3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
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Two point bending test equipment
BS EN 12697-26 Stiffness
3 Terms, definitions and symbols3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1.1complex modulus
relationship between stress and strain for a linear visco-elastic material submitted to a sinusoidal load waveform at time, t, where applying a stress σ x sin(ωt) results in a strain є x sin(ω x (t - φ)) that has a phase angle, φ, with respect to the stress.
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Sinusoidal or not sinusoidal?
-2,5
0
2,5
Simple crankSine wave
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Two point trapezoidal bending
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Software user interfacesStart testCommencer l’essaiRozpocznij badanie
Pulse-shape factorFacteur de forme d’impulsionWspolczynnik ksztaltu obciazenia
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Loading strips
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The three Rs
• Reliability• Repeatability• Reproduceability= Round robin test
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